环境成本与GDP有效性

现行国民经济核算方法(支出法、生产法、收入法)计算统计的国内生产总值GDP,在很大程度上与经济社会可持续发展理念不相符合。而已经问世若干年头的绿色GDP,基本上还停留在口号阶段。核算绿色GDP,不仅仅需要概念,还需要逻辑、具体路径、可行方法。本文在界定GDP无效性的基础上,首先识别"无效GDP"。进一步提出,从微观层面的"环境成本会计"启动,以环境成本为基点,循序渐进,建立和形成"环境成本数据流",水到渠成汇总测算绿色GDP总量。     

论公允价值计量在我国的应用

本文阐述了我国会计体系引入公允价值计量的必要性和实施公允价值计量所面临的挑战,并在此基础上提出完善公允价值计量环境的建议,以使公允价值的应用真正为会计信息使用者提供决策信息。     

论公允价值变动损益的两种收益观

<正>在新《企业会计准则》中,一个很大的变化就是引入了公允价值计量模式,说明会计理念正在发生质的变化,即我国会计准则的制定由收入费用观转向了资产负债观。本文从资产负债观和收入费用观产生的历史背景出发,比较深入地辨析了两者的概念,并且说明了公允价值变动损益核算是资产负债观的具体体现,提出在我国会计准则建设与完善过程中应当结合我国的会计环境积极向资产负债观靠拢。     

资产评估如何服务于公允价值审计

随着中国经济的快速发展,中国市场经济的不断完善,社会各方对财务信息的真实性、相关性关注度越来越高.而基于公允价值计量基础所形成的会计信息恰好在这一方面比以历史成本计量基础所形成的会计信息更能满足报表使用者的需求.于是会计需要公允价值计量,审计需要对公允价值计量形成的会计信息的可靠性进行判断,判断公允价值的可靠性需要估值技术,利用估值技术服务于会计的公允价值计量和服务于公允价值的审计责无旁贷地落在了我们资产评估师的肩上.如何才能做好这方面的服务,这就需要我们在下面几个方面下功夫.     

公允价值会计估计审计相关问题研究

为适应社会主义市场经济发展需要,规范企业公允价值计量和披露,提高会计信息质量,财政部于2014年1月26日,发布了《企业会计准则第39号——公允价值计量》,与中国注册会计师审计准则第1321号——审计会计估计（包括公允价值会计估计）和相关披露遥相适应。本文对公允价值会计估计审计相关问题进行了探讨,以期为公允价值审计提供实践参考。     

公允价值计量模式下审计风险的探讨

自公允价值的概念引入我国以来,随着国内会计理论与实务的发展,公允价值计量模式受到越来越广泛的关注与应用。公允价值计量对审计理论与审计实务工作的开展也产生了巨大影响。本文首先对公允价值的相关概念及公允价值计量模式下审计的特征进行阐释,然后以公允价值计量的视角分析审计风险的成因,并结合实际情况,针对审计风险的防范给出自己的对策与建议。     

关于公允价值本质的思考

目前会计界关于公允价值本质有"独立计量属性观"、"复合计量属性观"、"计量目标观"和"检验尺度观"等多种不同的观点,这些观点的形成与不同时期各国会计准则对公允价值的不同理解和规定密切相关。公允价值是在传统的"基于交易会计"逐步转向"基于价值会计"过程中形成的,公允价值的本质应放在"基于价值会计"体系中进行定位。"基于价值会计"在会计目标定位、会计信息质量要求、会计确认、会计计量以及财务报告等各个方面都与传统的"基于交易会计"有一定区别。在"基于价值会计"体系中,公允价值是会计计量力图实现的一种理想目标,各种计量属性是实现这一目标的具体手段,公允价值体现了"真实与公允"会计理念对采用各种计量属性进行价值计量的一种约束和要求。将公允价值狭义地定位成一种具体计量属性,不仅与公允价值在"基于价值会计"体系中的层次地位不符,也与各国会计准则关于公允价值计量的整体精神相违背,还与实务界常用的计量属性之一——"现行市价"有重复之嫌。     

公允价值运用存在的问题及应对策略

引言 适度引入公允价值,把公允价值作为会计计量五个属性之一是我国新企业会计准则在会计要素计量方面最大亮点之一,改变了长期以来我国会计计量主要局限于历史成本的情况,适应了企业经营环境的变化和业务发展需要,有利于提高企业会计信息的相关性.     

公允价值计量模式存在的问题分析及应对措施

<正>公允价值计量模式的引入打破了我国会计界长期以来存在的单一历史成本计量模式,但公允价值计量模式在我国会计实务中的运用可能会存在着一些问题,甚至会被恶意运用,因此应深入研究公允价值理论,努力完善会计准则,建立严格的内外部审计监督机制,加强资产评估机构的监督管理,规范资产评估方法,加强会计人员诚信教育,提高其职业道德和职业判断能力,防止利用公允价值计量模式进行利润操控。     

对环境会计及其成本与收益的探讨

环境会计核算包含资源核算和环境核算,它面临着对资源和环境区分与定价、对环境成本和环境收益的计量核算等诸多困难.因此需要对环境成本与环境收益分类,确立虚拟环境成本与虚拟环境收益实有化的核算思路;其中对环境收益的核算,将促进绿色GDP推展.     

Accounting for decisions and decisions for accounting

Behavioral decision theory (BDT) is concerned with “accounting for decisions”. The development of this interdisciplinary field is traced from the appearance of several key publications in the 1950s to the present. Whereas the 1960s saw increasing theoretical and empirical work, the field really started to flourish in the 1970s with the appearance of the review by Slovic & Lichtenstein (Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, pp. 549–744, 1971), and key papers on probabilistic judgment (Tversky & Kahneman, Science, pp. 1124–1131, 1974), and choice (Kahneman & Tversky, Econometrica, pp. 263–291, 1979). From the early 1980s to the present, BDT has seen considerable consolidation and expansion and its influence now permeates many fields of enquiry. After this brief history, eight major ideas or findings are discussed. These are: (1) that judgment can be modeled; (2) bounded rationality; (3) to understand decision making, understanding the task is more important than understanding the people; (4) levels of aspiration/reference points; (5) use of heuristic rules; (6) the importance of adding; (7) search for confirmation; and (8) thought as construction. Next, comments are addressed to differences between BDT and problem solving/cognitive science. It is argued that whereas many substantive differences are artificial, two distinct communities of researchers do exist. This is followed by a discussion of some major shortcomings currently facing BDT that include questions about the robustness of findings as well as overconcern with a few specific, “paradoxial” results. On the other hand, there are many interesting issues that BDT could address and several specific suggestions are made. Moreover, these issues represent opportunities for accounting research and several are enumerated. Finally, BDT presents “decisions for accounting” in the sense that scarce resources need to be allocated to different types of research that could illuminate accounting issues. The argument is made that BDT is one research metaphor or paradigm that has proved useful in accounting and that should be supported. Such support, however, may mean that some researchers may work on issues that, at first blush, might seem distant from accounting per se.     

Trust for accounting and accounting for trust

This paper combines insights from the sociology of knowledge and the emerging practice-based literature on learning and knowing to extend the institutional framework of accounting change developed by Burns and Scapens [Burns, J., Scapens, R.W., 2000. Conceptualising management accounting change: an institutional framework. Manage. Acc. Res., 11, 3–25]. In particular, it explores how management accounting systems (MAS) can be implicated in processes of learning and culture change, and used to identify ‘trustworthy’ solutions in the face of organisational crises. A case study of an Italian company, which was subject to massive change following its acquisition by General Electric, is used to discuss how, when crises arise and organisation members find themselves under intense pressure for change, their rationales and routinised behaviour, which are driven by the existing knowledge and cultural assumptions, are challenged. The case illustrates how MAS can act as sources of trust for the processes of change – i.e., accounting for trust; while at the same time being socially constructed objects of trust – i.e., trust for accounting. Drawing on the concept of personal trust and the notion of roles as access points to organisational (expert) systems, the paper discusses how, in this case, finance experts facilitated the acceptance and progressive sharing of new rationales and routines. Clearly, this does not guarantee that change will occur or occur in some ‘desired’ direction in other cases, but it increases the possibility of replacing trust in the predictability of routines with feelings of trust for change.     

2002年海南省金融形势分析

本分析了2002年海南省金融运行情况，指出当前经济金融运行中存在的主要问题及原因，对今年改善经济金融运行环境，促进经济金融平稳增长提出了一些针对性的建议。     

东亚货币合作的层次、障碍和中国的对策

随着世界经济全球化和区域经济一体化，东亚各国货币合作的愿望日益高涨，东亚区域货币合作体系初见端倪。、但由于东亚地区历史、政治、经济、文化的特殊性，东亚货币合作的道路上依然障碍重重．需要分层次、分步骤地稳妥推进。大势所趋之下中国应积极应对，大力推动东亚货币合作的进程。     

运维报告智能化生成平台的设计与研究

随着以人工智能、大数据、区块链和云计算等新兴技术为代表的金融科技(Fin Tech)飞速发展,大型商业银行数据中心信息系统业务量也在不断递增。因业务变化或系统变更等原因,运维人员急需编制各类运维分析报告,以便及时全面了解信息系统的运行情况。     

Volume for Winners and Losers: Taxation and Other Motives for Stock Trading

Capital gains taxes create incentives to trade. Our major finding is that turnover is higher for winners (stocks, the prices of which have increased) than for losers, which is not consistent with the tax prediction. However, the turnover in December and January is evidence of tax-motivated trading; there is a relatively high turnover for losers in December and for winners in January. We conclude that taxes influence turnover, but other motives for trading are more important. We were unable to find evidence that changing the length of the holding period required to qualify for long-term capital gains treatment affected turnover.     

QFII制度及其对商业银行业务的影响分析

2002年12月1日,中国证监会颁布了<合格境外机构投资者境内证券投资管理暂行办法>,QFII制度正式登陆中国证券市场.经过近6年的时间,QFII制度在我国得到了快速发展和壮大.就作为QFII资金托管人的境内商业银行,从QFII业务中受到怎样的影响,这些影响是否可以促进商业银行业务的全面发展等方面的问题,进行了分析讨论.     

Tax incentives for inefficient executive pay and reward for luck

I study the economic consequences of tax deductibility limits on salaries for the design of incentive contracts. The analysis is based on an agency model in which the firm’s cash flow is a function of the agent’s effort and an observable random factor beyond the agent’s control. According to my analysis, limiting the tax deductibility of fixed wages has two consequences. The principal rewards the agent on the basis of the observable random factor and adjusts the amount of performance-based pay in the optimal incentive contract. The new contract can have weaker or stronger work incentives than without the tax. The theoretical findings have implications for empirical compensation research. First, the analysis shows that reward for luck can be the optimal response to recent tax law changes, whereas earlier empirical literature has attributed this phenomenon to managerial entrenchment. Second, I demonstrate that a simple regression analysis that fails to control for separable measures of luck is likely to find an increased pay for performance sensitivity as a response to the introduction of tax deductibility limits on salaries even if the pay for performance sensitivity has actually declined.     

为领导排忧 帮群众解难——记工行北京市地安门支行老干部工作者张秀敏

张秀敏从地安门支行成立就负责退休、内退人员的管理工作。她把贯彻落实好老干部政策体现在具体行动上,坚持以人为本．把退休人员管理及服务工作做到位,认真落实老干部的政治待遇和生活待遇,得到了支行离退休人员的认可。她给自己的工作宗旨是：为领导分忧,为职工解难,切实履行岗位职责,努力做一个合格的老干部工作者。     

以改革促进发展以创新提升效益——访中国工商银行广西区分行党委书记、行长张恪理

2006年,是工商银行深入推进“两个根本转变”的起步年,又是整体构建现代金融企业制度、成功公开发行上市年。广西分行认真贯彻落实总行决策部署,根据股份制改革后经营面临的新形势和总行战略转移的新要求,结合广西经济发展特点,以科学发展观为统领,牢固树立“质量、创新、效益”的经营理念,紧紧抓住发展机遇,加快改革创新,推进经营转型,各项工作取得了可喜的成绩,开创了经营发展的新局面。本刊记者通过采访广西分行党委书记、行长张恪理,明晰了他们以改革促进发展,以创新提升效益的历程。