沙河市财政"七处着力"打造建设现代农业平台

发展现代农业实现农民增收,是搞好新农村建设的关键.河北省沙河市财政局围绕发展现代农业这一主题,积极筹措资金,从"七处着力",努力促进农业增长方式的转变,促进农民增收.     

实现农民持续增收的正确途径思考

实现农民持续增收的关键,是找到适合目前农村实际情况,能够充分发挥农民长处的增收途径和方法.譬如途径一:鼓励带着资金、技术和管理经验回乡的新型农民,在家乡小城镇创办农产品深精加工企业,带动家乡农业剩余劳动力就业,增加农民非农业收入.途径二:逐步推进现代农业生产方式,发展适度规模的、专业化、机械化的农业种植业,生产绿色、特色、优质、高产农产品.途径三:统筹规划组织农民工劳务输出创汇增收     

赣榆区农民增收工作的实践与思考

近年来,江苏省连云港市赣榆区以农民增收为核心,以深化改革为动力,全区农民增收工作实现了稳中求进。但受宏观经济形势影响,农民的工资性收入和经营性收入受到较大冲击,增收的难度不断加大,迫切需要创新思路、创新手段,千方百计促进农民持续增收。     

坚定不移地支持农民增收是贯彻落实"三个代表"精神的重要体现

当前,如何贯彻落实"三个代表"精神,不断实现最广大人民的根本利益,笔者认为最重要的一点就是坚定不移地咬定支持农民增收不放松,使广大的农民尽快富起来. 一、支持农民增收,必须加大对"三农"的支持力度     

大力支持农业产业化龙头企业发展

2006年,农发行湘潭市分行认真落实国家支农政策,突出发展主题,大力支持农业产业化龙头企业发展.全年累计发放农业产业化龙头企业贷款51044万元,支持企业实现销售收入203665万元,实现利润9522万元,上交税金1235万元,出口创汇19935万元,帮助农民增收1500多万元.实现了"农民增收、企业增利、农发行增效、政府增税"的喜人目标,受到了上级行和各级政府的充分肯定.     

金融危机背景下农民增收问题的调查与分析

在金融危机和当前复杂的经济形势下,如何促进农民增收成为各级政府关注的重点。同时,实现农民增收也是启动农村消费市场,实现我国经济增长方式战略性转型的重要前提。本文对江西省南城县的农民增收问题进行了深入调研与分析,并提出了政策建议。     

促进农民收入持续增长的财政政策思考

实行农村税费改革以来,在党中央一系列惠农政策作用下,各地农业生产出现了恢复性增长,农民收入在一定程度上提高了。但要实现农民持续增收,还需要转变农民增收方式,拓宽农民增收渠道,解除农民流动限制,完善农民社会保障,走"多条腿"增收道路。     

论如何解决我国农民增收难的问题

为加快实现社会主义新农村,首先要确保农民增收,彻底解决农民增收难的问题,本文就此做了简要的论述供参考。     

技能经济在社会主义新农村建设中的战略地位

技能经济是劳务经济的有效提升,它对于更为有效地转移农村劳力、促进农民增收具有至关重要的作用,而农民增收是发挥农民主体作用的根本前提,为此,公共财政应为农村劳力技能的提升提供支撑,使技能教育与培训以及技能人才的培养放到十分重要的位置,并实现制度化、规范化.     

浅谈农村信用合作社在解决农民增收问题上的作用

一、推广农户小额信用贷款,夯实农民增收基础 农村信用社作为农村金融的主力军,其办社宗旨就是为农民、农业和农村经济服务,促进农业增产,农民增收.它是团结联系农民群众的桥梁和纽带.近几年来,农村信用社为了确保农业基本生产活动的进行和保障农民的基本生活水平,努力克服自身困难,大力投放农户小额信用贷款,为去年农民结束连续几年增幅下滑的局面,实现恢复性增长,作了很大贡献.     

Managing vulnerability: the implementation of vulnerability reduction measures

Activities involving hazardous substances may cause safety risks to the environment. In addition to hazard reduction measures, such as implementing safety management systems at hazardous facilities, and exposure reduction measures, such as employing safe distances between vulnerable objects and hazardous activities, safety risks can be further minimised through the implementation of vulnerability reduction measures. In the area near where activities involving dangerous substances are being carried out, measures can be taken to reduce the vulnerability, such as increasing the possibilities for emergency response and evacuation. This paper examines what the issues influencing the consideration and implementation of vulnerability reduction measures are. This is done through an examination of land use planning projects in the Netherlands and an analysis of two examinations from the National Human Environment and Transport Inspectorate on the implementation of vulnerability reduction measures to discuss the representativeness of the findings for the Netherlands. The examinations, including the examinations of the Inspectorate, show that the consideration of vulnerability reduction measures is narrower than required by Dutch rules and regulations. Additionally, the implementation of measures is limited. Only half of the vulnerability reduction measures that are adopted in land use plans are actually implemented. Important factors that hampered the consideration and adoption of measures are the restrictions of actual rules and regulation with respect to the enforceability of measures, the limited expertise of those involved and the lack of clarity in tasks and roles regarding the consideration and monitoring of vulnerability reduction measures. More fundamentally, the effectiveness of measures and the need for further risk reduction was discussed. Consequently, more insight is required into the costs and benefits of vulnerability reduction measures and if a more explicit consideration of vulnerability in land use planning practices is desired, elaboration will be needed in the areas of planning legislations, procedures and expertise.     

Risk measures based on behavioural economics theory

Coherent risk measures (Artzner et al. in Math. Finance 9:203–228, 1999) and convex risk measures (Föllmer and Schied in Finance Stoch. 6:429–447, 2002) are characterized by desired axioms for risk measures. However, concrete or practical risk measures could be proposed from different perspectives. In this paper, we propose new risk measures based on behavioural economics theory. We use rank-dependent expected utility (RDEU) theory to formulate an objective function and propose the smallest solution that minimizes the objective function as a risk measure. We also employ cumulative prospect theory (CPT) to introduce a set of acceptable regulatory capitals and define the infimum of the set as a risk measure. We show that the classes of risk measures derived from RDEU theory and CPT are equivalent, and they are all monetary risk measures. We present the properties of the proposed risk measures and give sufficient and necessary conditions for them to be coherent and convex, respectively. The risk measures based on these behavioural economics theories not only cover important risk measures such as distortion risk measures, expectiles and shortfall risk measures, but also produce new interesting coherent risk measures and convex, but not coherent risk measures.     

The effects of task outcome feedback and broad domain evaluation experience on the use of unique scorecard measures

Prior research has found that division evaluators using balanced scorecards in a performance evaluation process relied almost solely on common measures and virtually ignored unique measures. Other studies have found certain situations in which measures that are unique to a particular division are not completely ignored. However, no study has addressed whether outcome feedback over a period of time can motivate evaluators to rely more on unique measures that are predictive of future financial results. Our study involving executives with varying levels of prior evaluation experience examines two factors that may lead to increased use of unique measures: task outcome feedback and broad domain evaluation experience. Results provide evidence of increased reliance on unique measures after multiple periods as evaluators receive outcome feedback showing the predictive value of these unique measures. Further, results indicate that unique measures are used more over time when the prior evaluation experience of the participants is relatively high.     

The Stability of UK Risk Measures and The Problem of Thin Trading

This paper examines the problems of estimating risk measures and their stability in thin markets. It shows analytically that conventional approaches used in previous studies can lead to serious overestimates of the stability of risk measures when shares are subject to thin trading. It then demonstrates, using UK data, that this is, in fact, a serious practical problem, and that the resultant biases are of precisely the form predicted. Finally, the paper presents reliable evidence on the stability of UK risk measures by using an estimation method designed to avoid thin trading bias. Using this approach, risk measures are found to be as stable in the UK as they are in the USA.     

Assessing the Performance of Business Unit Managers

Using a sample of 140 managers, we investigate the use of various performance metrics in determining the periodic assessment, bonus decisions, and career paths of business unit managers. We show that the weight on accounting return measures is associated with the authority of these managers, and we document that both disaggregated measures (expenses and revenues), and nonfinancial measures play a greater role as interdependencies between business units increase. The results suggest separate and distinct roles for different types of performance measures. Accounting return measures are used to create the proper incentives for managers with greater authority, while disaggregated and nonfinancial measures are employed in response to interdependencies.     

Stochastic orders in dynamic reinsurance markets

We consider a dynamic reinsurance market, where the traded risk process is driven by a compound Poisson process and where claim amounts are unbounded. These markets are known to be incomplete, and there are typically infinitely many martingale measures. In this case, no-arbitrage pricing theory can typically only provide wide bounds on prices of reinsurance claims. Optimal martingale measures such as the minimal martingale measure and the minimal entropy martingale measure are determined, and some comparison results for prices under different martingale measures are provided. This leads to a simple stochastic ordering result for the optimal martingale measures. Moreover, these optimal martingale measures are compared with other martingale measures that have been suggested in the literature on dynamic reinsurance markets.Received: March 2004, Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): 62P05, 60J75, 60G44JEL Classification: G10     

Synthesizing enterprise data to strategically align performance: The intentionality of strategy surrogation

Strategic performance measurement systems (SPMS) are employed by senior management as a means of translating strategy into performance measures. Recent research suggests that this translation can lead managers to focus on personal performance measures as opposed to overall organizational strategy—a phenomenon referred to as strategy surrogation. Emerging technologies are increasingly used to operationalize SPMS via smart phone/tablet/laptop formats that inherently promote the use of small subsets of performance measures and have the potential to exacerbate strategy surrogation effects. This study explores executive managers' motivations in deploying dashboards and the resulting effect on operational managers' focus on associated performance measures. An exploratory cross-sectional field study is conducted with 27 executive to mid-level managers to establish a theoretical model explaining how and why organizations deploy dashboards and why managers use dashboards to facilitate their activities and decisions. Despite concerns over the propensity of managers to focus on performance measures and lose sight of strategic objectives (i.e. strategy surrogation), the interview data indicate that executive management intentionally designs dashboards to achieve strategy surrogation. The impact of this intentional surrogation appears to arise through operational managers' beliefs that dashboard measures align with organizational strategy and lead to improved managerial and organizational performance. However, this relationship between perceived alignment of performance measures and managerial and organizational performance is mediated by dashboard quality and information quality. These findings have important implications as the effects of SPMS on strategy surrogation are further explored by researchers, and as system designers consider the side effects of emerging technologies on effective strategic performance measurement.     

DECOMPOSITION MEASURES AND THE PREDICTION OF FINANCIAL FAILURE

Lev has indicated that the decomposition measures of failed firms are larger than those of non-failed firms and concludes that decomposition measures may be usefully included in financial failure prediction models. This paper extends the use of decomposition measure concepts for financial failure prediction. Firstly, on a univariate basis, attributes of decomposition measures are tested for discriminating ability between failed and non-failed companies. Secondly, all decomposition measures tested are used to derive a discriminant analysis model for failure prediction. The paper concludes that (1) the stability and size of some balance sheet derived decomposition measures discriminate between failed and non-failed companies as far as four years before failure, and (2) a discriminant analysis model of balance sheet derived decomposition measures is not successful at predicting financial failure.     

An Extended Family of Financial-Risk Measures

Recalling the class of risk measures introduced by Stone [1973], the authors survey measures from different academic disciplines—including psychology, operations research, management science, economics, and finance—that have been introduced since 1973. We introduce a general class of risk measures that extends Stone's class to include these new measures. Finally, we give four axioms that describe necessary attributes of a good financial risk measure and show which of the measures surveyed satisfy these. We demonstrate that all measures that satisfy our axioms, as well as those that do not but are commonly used in finance, belong to our new generalized class.     

An examination of CEO compensation of US banks and thrifts using non-traditional performance measures: 1997–2001

This study compares the compensation of chief executive officers (CEOs) of banks and thrifts in the United States, during the 1997–2001 period. The authors examine the effect of traditional industry measures (such as the value of long-term incentive plans) and non-traditional measures (such as the ploughback ratio), on CEO compensation. The results of Exploratory Factor Analysis indicate that many of these measures are highly correlated and are likely to lead to serious problems of multicollinearity in multiple regression models of compensation. The authors find a crude difference (univariate) in compensation between CEOs from both types of institution. Using a multiple regression model, however, it is found that this discrepancy can be attributed to differences in traditional and non-traditional measures of performance between the two types of institutions. The results add to existing literature of bank CEO compensation by examining non-traditional measures of performance.