上市公司内部控制信息披露动机研究——基于资本成本的分析视角

<正>本文通过对内部控制信息披露与资本成本之间的互动关系研究,找出不同类型企业内部控制信息披露的动机,从而解释了我国目前企业内部控制信息披露存在的问题,并最终指出只有通过企业自身、会计师事务所、政府监管部门或非     

内部控制信息披露理论研究

内部控制信息披露,是指上市公司通过一定的媒介向社会公众发表或发布公司内部控制设计和执行状况的信息。按照COSO报告,建立并维持有效的内部控制体系是企业管理当局的责任,管理当局必须保证适当地设计内部控制,并有效地执行内部控制。为此目的,管理当局(或其指定机构或人员,如内部审计机构)应定期根据一定的标准对本单位内部控制设计和执行的有效性进行评估,并将评估结果提供给外部信息使用者。     

上市公司内部控制信息披露的现状与改进

内部控制的信息披露引起了中外会计职业界的广泛关注。美国在经历了多年的自愿披露内部控制信息以后，已经强制要求上市公司提供内部控制报告。所谓内部控制报告，就是管理当局依据内部控制有效性评价的标准，对本企业的内部控制的设计和执行的有效性进行评估后将结果提供给外部信息使用者。内部控制报告有利于促进管理当局发现内部控制中的缺陷，改进内部控制，提高会计信息质量。我国已要求公开发行证券的证券公司、商业银行、保险公司对内部控制制度的完整性、合理性与有效性做出说明，并要求注册会计师对内部控制制度进行评价、出具评价…     

上市公司内部控制信息披露动机研究——基于资本成本的分析视角

本文通过对内部控制信息披露与资本成本之间的互动关系研究，找出不同类型企业内部控制信息披露的动机，从而解释了我国目前企业内部控制信息披露存在的问题，并最终指出只有通过企业自身、会计师事务所、政府监管部门或非营利组织这三方主体共同作用、相互影响才能真正提高内部控制信息披露的质量。     

河北省上市公司内部控制信息披露现状及对策研究

本文以河北省部分上市公司的年报和内部控制自我评价报告为研究对象,说明当前我国上市公司的披露现状。在现状调查的基础上,分析内部控制信息披露存在的问题。最后,提出强制河北省上市公司管理当局出具单独的内部控制报告的建议,以期达到加强管理当局内部控制责任、保护投资者利益的目的。     

盈余管理：动因及规范

盈余管理是企业管理当局借助会计政策的选择和会计估计的变更寻求对自己有利结果的行为。盈余管理的动因归纳起来可分为两个方面：(1)企业内部的需求动因。在企业的一系列契约组合中，企业管理当局与股东、债权人、职工、政府、客观等相关者利益不一致，加上信息的不对称，委托代理契约的不完全性和利益主体的利己性等。使企业管理当局产生了盈余管理的内在需求。以提高企业与各利益相关者达成合约时的条件，如争取有利的报酬、     

我国内部控制信息披露存在的问题及解决对策——基于深市主板上市公司

<正>随着我国资本市场的不断完善发展,我国广大投资者对内部控制信息的需求不断提高,为满足广大投资者的需求我国在内部控制信息披露体系方面做出了不断的探索,虽然我国的内部控制信息披露质量得到了很大的提高,但是在制度不断完善的过程中也暴露出很多的问题。本文对内部控制信息披露存在     

城市商业银行内部控制信息披露探究

内部控制（以下简称＂内控＂的信息披露是指管理当局依照一定的标准对内部控制设计和运行的有效性做出评价,并以内部控制报告的形式将评价的结果传递给外部信息使用者。内控信息披露有利于企业管理层了解并关注内部控制,进而加强内部控制同时也有利于外部信息使用者对企业的内部控制状况进行评价,从而做出决策。自2007年北京银行、宁波银行和南京银行相继上市以来,越来越多的城市商业银行（以下简称＂城商行＂）开始积极酝酿上市,     

上市公司内部控制信息披露现状研究——基于自愿性与强制性的分析

通过内部控制信息的披露,外部信息使用者可以更好的了解企业的内部控制情况。然而,这一信息披露是否真实反映内部控制的质量,离不开管理层对外披露内部控制信息的动机。本文通过回顾我国内部控制信息披露规则的制定历程,分析了自愿性信息披露与强制性信息披露的动机,并结合财政部发布的上市公司实施内部控制规范的情况,阐述我国目前内部控制信息披露存在的问题及改进建议。     

试论内部控制报告

一、内部控制报告的概念内部控制报告（Management Reporting on InternalControl, MRIC, 或直接称为Management Reporting）是指管理当局依据内部控制有效性评价的标准对本企业内部控制的设计和执行的有效性进行评估后，将结果提供给外部信息使用者的报告。建立有效的内部控制制度是管理当局的责任。但是企业管理当局自身是否应当对本单位的内部控制制度进行评价，提供给注册会计师并包含在年度报告中提供给外部信息使用者，也就是企业是否应该提供内部控制报告，人们的观点并不一致。一些人认为，内部控制报告可以加强企业的内部控制…     

Information and the transnational SME controller

One of the issues that face the small- and medium-sized enterprise (SME) when expanding is the ‘control’ issue and this paper investigates and presents preliminary evidence of ‘controlling’ or ‘management accounting’ practice in a transnational SME. Wibsey, the site of the case, is now a small group of companies that have expanded from a U.K. base into 10 European countries. This expansion has posed complex problems, which have increased the information requirements of the SME. The contextual issues of complexity and resulting challenges for the transnational organization in its management accounting, information and control systems are considered. Wibsey uses traditional management accounting as the basis of supporting decision-making in the group and a lower level of information need is reported, in contrast to Dent (1996) (Dent, J. F., 1996. Global competition: challenges for management accounting and control,Management Accounting Research , 7(2), 247–269), because the group chooses to maintain a traditional ‘accounting-led’ evaluation system in controlling and evaluating its transnational operations.     

网络信息内容生态共同治理的法治保障

在平台革命引发的政府管理困境下,网络信息内容生态的恶化让网络平台公司参与治理成为全球共识。为了打破既有法律对网络平台公司积极管理的阻碍,中、美两国分别通过设立内容监管义务与创设法律责任豁免的改革方式,推动了网络信息内容生态的共同治理。但现有的法律改革仅仅止步于鼓励网络平台公司的积极管理,并未通过统一的法律规则协调政府与网络平台公司相异的管理模式,这导致了政府与网络平台公司之间的权力纷争。为了构建起支撑网络信息内容生态共同治理的法治体系,法律应当通过程序规则将网络平台公司的商业管理手段转化为正式的公共管理机制,并调整政府的管理职责和网络平台公司的责任认定标准,使得两者的管理模式能够运转自如。     

政府干预、盈余管理与信息披露质量——来自深圳股票市场A股上市公司的经验证据

通过以深圳证券交易所2006-2010年信息披露质量评级报告结果及3185家上市公司的A股数据为研究样本,从政府干预的角度分析了盈余管理与信息披露质量之间的内在关系。实证表明,政府干预与盈余管理呈负相关关系;政府干预与信息披露质量显著负相关;盈余管理与信息披露质量呈负相关关系,且政府干预行为影响其负相关关系。这说明在政府干预的情况下,上市公司可能通过降低信息披露质量来配合其盈余管理,从而使信息使用者与上市公司信息不对称。     

Professional accountants and the development of a management accounting service for the small firm: barriers and possibilities

This paper reports the results of a qualitative study examining the potential for the provision of a management accounting service for smaller companies by accountants in professional practice. The study aimed to determine the management information needs of owner-managers, the type and frequency of information preferred and the capacity of professional accountants to contribute to these needs. The owner-managers of 15 smaller companies were asked to participate in semi-strucutured interviews during which their use of computers to provide management accounts, their relationship with their accountant and their financial skills were discussed. The respondents were presented with a range of management information including statutory final accounts, interim accounts, cash statements, ratios and graphical comparisons of monthly turnover figures in order to assess their financial information skills and needs. The study found that companies used computers for the preparation of management accounting information, but usually not to their full potential. The financial awareness of owner-managers varied considerably. There was a favourable response to the presentation of ratios and graphs, however, it was felt that an explanation or interpretation of financial information by their accountant would be a useful addition to improve their understanding and therefore aid their business. The study concludes that there appears to be significant potential for accountants to expand the management accounting services they provide to smaller companies, especially where information is presented as ratios or graphs and accompanied with an appropriate narrative interpretation. This would also increase the financial skills of their clients and result in an increased demand for management accounting services.     

Voluntary disclosures of intangibles information by U.S.-listed Asian companies

This paper provides evidence on the voluntary disclosure of intangibles information for U.S.-listed Asian companies. The paper examines the following issues: (1) the effect of firm size, ownership concentration, proportion of foreign revenue, and leverage on voluntary disclosures of intangibles information by U.S.-listed Asian companies; and (2) the use of international standards, and the effect of domestic and global culture on those disclosures. Results indicate that larger firms, firms with greater ownership dispersion, and firms with lower leverage provide more voluntary disclosure of intangibles information. The paper also documents that companies from countries that are more individualistic provide more voluntary disclosure of intangibles information than companies from countries that are collectivist. Therefore, it appears that domestic culture does affect the voluntary disclosure of intangibles information in the U.S. This paper uses the index developed for Portuguese companies by Oliveira, Rodrigues, and Craig (2006), to measure voluntary disclosures of intangibles information thereby providing external validity to their instrument.     

外资并购模式对我国上市公司治理结构影响的差异性分析

以我国沪、深两市在1999～2005年内发生外资并购的48家上市公司为样本,选取股权结构、董事会、监事会、股东大会、高管层以及信息披露六个维度共13个指标,通过因子分析法定量研究外资并购对我国上市公司治理结构的影响,发现不同并购模式下公司治理结构得到优化的比例呈现较大差异:拍卖收购模式为100%,协议收购非流通股为40.91%,二级市场收购流通股为60%,增资扩股为50%,成立合资公司为22.22%,收购母公司为40%。     

IT doesn't matter

As information technology has grown in power and ubiquity, companies have come to view it as ever more critical to their success; their heavy spending on hardware and software clearly reflects that assumption. Chief executives routinely talk about information technology's strategic value, about how they can use IT to gain a competitive edge. But scarcity, not ubiquity, makes a business resource truly strategic--and allows companies to use it for a sustained competitive advantage. You only gain an edge over rivals by doing something that they can't. IT is the latest in a series of broadly adopted technologies--think of the railroad or the electric generator--that have reshaped industry over the past two centuries. For a brief time, as they were being built into the infrastructure of commerce, these technologies created powerful opportunities for forward-looking companies. But as their availability increased and their costs decreased, they became commodity inputs. From a strategic standpoint, they became invisible; they no longer mattered. that's exactly what's happening to IT, and the implications are profound. In this article, HBR's editor-at-large Nicholas Carr suggests that IT management should, frankly, become boring. It should focus on reducing risks, not increasing opportunities. For example, companies need to pay more attention to ensuring network and data security. Even more important, they need to manage IT costs more aggressively. IT may not help you gain a strategic advantage, but it could easily put you at a cost disadvantage. If, like many executives, you've begun to take a more defensive posture toward IT, spending more frugally and thinking more pragmatically, you're already on the right course. The challenge will be to maintain that discipline when the business cycle strengthens.     

Profitability analysis in UK organizations: An exploratory study

Recent research into management accounting practices suggests that companies are now placing considerable emphasis on profitability analysis and consider it to be one of the most important management accounting practices. There is however little recent empirical research relating to the content and role of profitability analysis in companies. This paper will address this omission and report the findings derived from a survey of UK companies relating to information that is contained in profitability reporting, generated for managing the existing mix of a firm's activities. In particular, it focuses on the nature, content and role of profitability analysis carrying out some exploratory analysis and testing various propositions to explain the divergence in observed practices.A distinctive feature of the research is that, unlike some previous research, rather than focusing on the information that is accumulated within the costing system it focuses primarily on the information that is extracted from it for different purposes. Not surprisingly we find that different information is extracted for profitability analysis than for pricing purposes. The research findings also indicate that firms use a hierarchy of profit measures within the periodic profitability analysis statements and that profitability analysis is used mainly for attention-directing purposes for signalling the need for more detailed studies. For profitability analysis, the findings suggest that, in terms of what is considered the most important attention-directing measure, the use of some form of full costs based on arbitrary allocations is not as widespread as that suggested by previous studies. Evidence is also presented to suggest that the level of cost system complexity influences the observed practices.     

我国上市公司盈余管理对股价影响的实证分析

盈余管理在西方被称为“市场参与者的游戏”，近年来日益受到我国会计学界的关注。证券市场的迅速发展要求上市公司提供高质量的会计信息，由于盈余管理与会计信息质量关系密切，使得对上市公司盈余管理问题的研究成为投资者、债权人、政府主管部门以及会计准则制定机构关注的重点。另一方面，证券市场经验数据证明，股价的波动也同盈余管理密切相关，而利益相关者很可能利用盈余管理手段来影响股价从而获取利益。因此，加强我国上市公司盈余管理和股价相关性的研究，对提高上市公司会计信息质量和改善证券市场资源优化配置功能有着重要意义。本文运用实证分析方法，选取了竞争性强的家电行业和竞争性弱的石油行业的上市公司，从盈余管理度量着手，研究竞争性不同行业的上市公司盈余管理对股价的影响大小，并对投资者的行为提出相关建议。     

DO INSTITUTIONAL INVESTORS IN THE UK ADOPT A DUAL STRATEGY FOR MANAGING FOREIGN EXCHANGE RISK?

In recent years, the gradual increase in international portfolio diversification within the UK institutional investment community has led to a growing need to manage foreign exchange (FX) risk. This paper reports on the findings of a postal questionnaire survey relating to FX risk management practices in UK institutional investment organisations. The findings demonstrate an increasing awareness of the FX risk management problem and indicate that UK investment institutions actively manage FX risk within their investment portfolios. The paper also focuses on the interesting question of whether UK institutional investors manage their own portfolio's FX risk, simultaneously concerning themselves with their investee companies’ FX risk management practices. Overall, the findings indicate that institutional investors adopt adual strategyfor managing FX risk; not only managing their own FX risk, but also requiring that their investee companies manage FX risk. There is also evidence to suggest that the institutional investors require their investee companies to disclose information relating to their FX risk management policies.