集团母公司对子公司的财务管理与控制探讨

在激烈的市场竞争环境下,集团公司以其包含的经营机构多、涉及的业务广等特征获得明显的竞争优势,成为现下公司组织的重要形式.对于集团公司而言,资产是重要的联系纽带,母公司对子公司的财务管理与控制是整个集团公司稳定长久经营、获取并维持市场竞争优势的关键因素.本文从集团母公司对子公司财务管理与控制的重要意义入手,详细分析了当前集团母公司财务管理与控制过程中存在的问题,并提出了有针对性的对策和建议.     

浅析集团母公司对子公司的财务管理与控制

企业集团是由母公司和众多的子公司共同组成,母公司通过产权控制各个子公司,加强集团公司对子公司的财务控制和监督管理,建立卓有成效的财务管理与控制体系,是集团公司对子公司实施财务管理的核心内容.如何有效的对子公司实施财务控制,使子公司的财务资源得到合理配置,以发挥各子公司的资源聚合效应和财务管理协同效应,是当前集团公司改革和发展中迫切需要解决的重大问题.文章以集团公司对子公司的财务控制为分析对象,首先分析了集团母公司加强财务控制的必要性,指出了集团公司实施财务控制的要点,其次阐述了集体公司当前财务控制存在的不足,最后提出了改善集团公司财务控制的对策.     

浅析集团母公司对子公司的财务管理与控制

企业集团是由母公司和众多的子公司共同组成,母公司通过产权控制各个子公司,加强集团公司对子公司的财务控制和监督管理,建立卓有成效的财务管理与控制体系,是集团公司对子公司实施财务管理的核心内容。如何有效的对子公司实施财务控制,使子公司的财务资源得到合理配置,以发挥各子公司的资源聚合效应和财务管理协同效应,是当前集团公司改革和发展中迫切需要解决的重大问题。文章以集团公司对子公司的财务控制为分析对象,首先分析了集团母公司加强财务控制的必要性,指出了集团公司实施财务控制的要点,其次阐述了集体公司当前财务控制存在的不足,最后提出了改善集团公司财务控制的对策。     

基于母公司战略的子公司组织绩效体系研究——以发电原水公司重组为例

时代的进步使公司管理的难度越来越高,根据母公司的发展战略制定子公司的绩效管理体系能够大幅度降低公司管理难度。本文通过对绩效管理体系进行分析,并结合实际提出以母公司战略为核心的子公司组织绩效管理体系设计方法,希望为关注子公司组织绩效管理的人群带来参考。     

我国合并会计报表的现状及改革方向

随着社会主义市场经济的飞速发展,集团公司作为企业规模化经营的一种形式越来越普遍.近几年来我国在集团公司财务会计上从西方引进合并报表体制,并颁布了<合并会计报表暂行规定>(以下简称"暂行规定").合并会计报表,是以母公司和子公司组成的企业集团为一会计主体,以母公司和子公司单独编制的个别报表为基础,以母公司编制综合反映企业集团的经营成果、财务状况及其资金变动情况的会计报表.     

集团公司财务会计报表中合并问题的思考

集团公司财务会计报表的合并,是集团公司中的母公司和子公司的总体财务状况、现金流量和经营成果进行综合反映的过程.本文主要从财务报表合并对集团公司的作用入手,对财务报表合并过程中存在的主要问题和相关的解决措施进行了探究.     

我国商业银行多元化经营绩效分析

本文引入衡量企业经营多元化程度的Entropy指标并运用面板数据的分析方法来研究商业银行多元化经营对于绩效的影响.研究发现,我国商业银行多元化经营对绩效产生了正向的影响,但系数较小.对于规模较大的国有商业银行来说多元化的积极影响较大,而对于股份制银行来说,多元化经营有可能产生负效应.我国商业银行应当结合自身实际情况实施多元化经营战略     

合并会计报表的若干实务问题(二)

七、关于多层(如母、子、孙公司)组织结构情况下的合并 在多层(如母、子、孙公司)组织结构情况下,母公司对子公司权益的核算,一般有两种方法:一是按子公司会计报表中的合并栏数计算反映;二是按子公司会计报表中的母公司栏数计算反映.这两种处理方法都被采纳运用过.采用第一种方法进行处理存在以下问题:(1)从法律主体而言,母公司对子公司的投资,仅是对子公司这一法人实体的投资,并未对孙公司进行投资.子公司合并会计报表的范围,是经济意义上的会计主体,而非法律意义上的主体.(2)当母公司处置对子公司的投资时,也仅是处置该投资相对应的那部分子公司权益,而非子公司合并范围内相对应的权益.因此,从法律意义上来说,母公司对子公司投资相对应的权益应按子公司会计报表中的母公司栏数计算反映.我们倾向于采取第二种处理方法,但已采用第一种方法处理的,为保持一贯性可不予调整.母公司以子公司会计报表中的母公司栏数计算反映权益,在以子公司合并会计报表编制母公司合并会计报表时,如果子公司会计报表与子公司合并会计报表的权益数不符时,应按差异额和股权比例计算权益差额,编制合并调整分录调整母公司的相关权益.     

浅析集团公司全面预算管理中子公司利润目标的制定

本文主要讨论了在集团公司全面预算管理中母公司对于子公司利润目标的制定与分解问题.探讨了集团公司预算管理中利润目标制定的重要性.并分析在两种不同的集团公司管理模式基础上,子公司利润目标制定的方法,其中包括基数加成法、效益系数法和参照比较法.阐述了现实中子公司利润目标制定所要考虑的三个因素以及在子公司利润目标制定之后,对利润目标进行调整与考核的方法.     

中国跨国公司治理的路径选择

十二五规划纲要指出,中国要加快实施"走出去"战略。"走出去"战略的实施有赖于中国富有竞争力的跨国公司,而跨国公司的竞争力在很大程度上取决于其公司治理的绩效。论文比较了国际通行的两种治理模式,从母公司治理、子公司治理以及母子公司关系三个方面分析了中国跨国公司治理的现有问题,并提出了完善中国跨国公司治理的建议。     

Influence of geographic distribution on real activities manipulation within consolidated companies: Evidence from Japan

With the globalization of companies, distances between parent companies and their subsidiaries have increased and the locations of subsidiaries have become more diversified. These changes have had various effects on corporate real activities, depending on information asymmetry, transport costs, and the economic environment. We investigate the impact of the geographic distribution of companies on real activities manipulation (RM) within Japanese companies. The results show that (1) as the distance between a parent company and its subsidiaries increases, the subsidiaries’ RM decreases; (2) as the proportion of subsidiaries in Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development countries increases, the subsidiaries’ RM decreases; and (3) part of the subsidiaries’ RM reduced by geographic distribution is replaced by the parent company’s RM. Additional tests comparing RM with accrual-based manipulation (AM) show that subsidiaries’ AM increases with the distance from the parent company. This result suggests that the parent–subsidiary distance and locations of subsidiaries influence accounting information.     

VOLUNTARY DISCLOSURE OF SEGMENT INFORMATION BY AUSTRALIAN DIVERSIFIED COMPANIES

This paper reports an examination of economic incentives motivating listed diversified companies in Australia to voluntarily disclose segment information. The study is based on a sample of 65 listed diversified companies. Support is found for ownership diffusion, the level of minority interest in subsidiaries, firm size and industry membership as factors influencing the voluntary disclosure of segment information. No support is found for leverage or diversification into related versus unrelated industries.     

Insider Ownership,Subsidiary Cash Holdings,and Economic Consequences: Evidence from Listed Chinese Companies

ABSTRACT

Using a large sample of listed Chinese companies, we investigate how the equity ownership of business group insiders affects subsidiary cash holdings. We find that ownership by the largest shareholders and senior managers in the listed parent firm is negatively related to its subsidiaries’ cash holdings, whereas there is a positive relationship with minority equity in subsidiaries. We also find that the market places a more significant value discount on listed firms whose cash holdings are more located in the affiliated subsidiaries. Our evidence demonstrates how cash policy inside business groups is influenced by insider ownership, and it reveals to what extent cash allocated in subsidiaries may suffer from losses in efficiency.     

The Role of Holding Company Financial Information in the Insurer-Rating Process: Evidence From the Property-Liability Industry

We examine data for the year ended December 31, 1997 for 80 publicly traded property‐liability insurers that have Best financial strength ratings of their consolidated insurance‐operating subsidiaries. These firms employ a holding company structure, in which a parent owns the stock of multiple insurance‐operating subsidiaries. The operating subsidiaries prepare a consolidated annual report using the Statutory Accounting Principles (SAP), and an analogous set of financial statements based on the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) is released by the parent. We find that the financial characteristics important in determining ratings at the individual firm level—capitalization, liquidity, profitability, and size—are also important at the group level. Further, financial ratios from holding company statements are incrementally useful in the ratings' process, after group‐level ratios have been taken into account. Robustness tests based on a subsample of holding companies with minimal investment outside of the property‐liability industry reinforce our conclusion that parent company statements influence consolidated group ratings. However, our data do not allow us to separate the relative contribution of the GAAP model and underlying transactions to the ratings decision.     

企业集团现金分布、管理层激励与资本配置效率

本文以母公司为视角,基于科层代理理论和信息不对称理论,研究不同生命周期阶段母子公司现金分布变化对资本配置效率的影响及母公司管理层激励的治理效应。研究发现:在成长期,母公司 “自主型”财控模式下子公司高持现比率导致了过度投资,对母公司管理层薪酬激励和股权激励能够抑制过度投资,此时对母公司管理层激励表现为抑制子公司经理人圈地的监督机制;在成熟期,母公司 “平衡型”财控模式适度降低子公司持现比率,缓解了过度投资,对母公司管理层股权激励能够进一步抑制过度投资,但薪酬激励无效;在衰退期,母公司“家长型”财控模式下过度回笼资金带来投资不足,股权激励能够抑制投资不足,此时对母公司管理层股权激励表现为驱动子公司经理人投资的勉励机制。     

An empirical investigation of the effect of imputation credits on remittance of overseas dividends

Overseas dividend remittance is an important vehicle for multinational corporations (MNCs) to move funds among their global subsidiaries. Using firm-level data from 2001 to 2004 for Taiwan-based MNCs with subsidiaries in China, this paper provides empirical evidence on the effect of imputation credits on overseas dividend remittances. We find that imputation credits have a positive effect on increasing foreign dividend payouts, thereby reducing the efficiency loss induced by the tax cost for within-firm dividends of MNCs. We also document evidence that parent companies’ net fund flows from related-party transactions with their subsidiaries are negatively correlated with dividends repatriated from those affiliates, supporting the notion that transfer-pricing may be substituting for within-firm dividend remittance. Our results contribute to understanding the links between taxation and related-party transactions and subsidiary dividend repatriation decisions of MNCs.     

Does goodwill pressure drive business restructuring based on subsidiary disposal?

This study investigates whether the existence of goodwill influences firms to remove subsidiaries from consolidation to reduce the pressure from potential impairment loss. Using a sample of Chinese A-share listed companies between 2007 and 2018, we find that the magnitude of goodwill is associated with firms' decisions to dispose of their merged subsidiaries. Also, the likelihood of disposing of subsidiaries is higher among firms with greater impairment probability due to a larger amount of goodwill and lower profitability. Additionally, we observe that firms may simultaneously employ both disposal strategies and impairment write-offs to reduce goodwill pressure. In the cross-sectional analyses, we find that the effect varies between SOEs and non-SOEs. Our findings present the real effect of goodwill impairment on companies' decision-making and provide insights into the impact of accounting practices on firms' investment strategies.     

Why is it difficult for Chinese companies to operate across regions in China?—Evidence from zombie companies

This paper aims to investigate whether zombie companies create entry barriers for non-local companies and hinder their cross-regional development. Based on Chinese listed companies' subsidiaries' distribution in each province, we find that there will be fewer off-site subsidiaries in the provinces with more zombies, indicating that they create entry barriers for non-local companies. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the entry barriers are more obvious in non-state-owned companies, innovative companies, and companies with strong financing constraints. We also find that the development of the institutional environment and informal institutions can alleviate the entry barriers. Furthermore, off-site subsidiaries operating in the province with more zombies have relatively poor operating performance and low competitive advantage compared with local companies, which may discourage parent companies from reinvesting. Our research enriches the research on zombie companies' negative impacts, provides explanations for Chinese companies' cross-regional development barriers, and also illustrates the importance of strengthening the institutional environment in attracting foreign investment.     

FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS WITHIN BANK HOLDING COMPANIES

This study explores financial transactions within bank holding companies in both a theoretical and an empirical context. Empirical analysis focuses on two major types of interaffiliate financial transactions—extensions of credit and transfers of assets—between holding company banks and their nonbank affiliates (defined to include the parent company and nonbank subsidiaries of the parent) over the period 1976–1980. The data generally point to a net downstream flow of funds from the nonbank sector to the bank sector of a holding company, with the downstream fund flows particularly strong in the case of extensions of credit. In part, this result may reflect the statutory restrictions on bank lending to affiliates, particularly the collateral requirements.