知识经济时代的企业知识产权战略

知识产权制度正走向知识经济的创新时代。企业是自主创新的主体,是实施知识产权战略的主体,企业在知识产权战略中处于核心地位。如何积极提高企业的知识产权意识,建立知识产权战略以推动企业自主创新,是我国能否在激烈的国际竞争中利于不败的关键所在。在以专利战略为核心的知识产权战略中,专利申请战略、专利实施战略、专利防御战略是其主要组成部分,另外配合以知识产权组合保护战略。发达国家如美国、日本成功企业的优秀的知识产权战略值得我国企业借鉴。     

当前我国企业发展自主知识产权的若干问题

自主知识产权是知识经济全球化日益加深及中国知识产权弱势的现状而提出的创新概念。当前我国企业在发展中面临着因深层次的若干自主知识产权问题而产生了诸如高昂的专利权使用费、版权侵权引发的高赔偿和贴牌生产导致的低利润等。自主知识产权框架问题、自主知识产权形成企业核心竞争力、自主知识产权与国家竞争优势、自主知名品牌的创建与运用、国外自主知识产权经验的移植、自主知识产权的制度与文化、中国自主知识产权战略等若干问题,是当前我国企业培育和提升知识产权战略能力的关键。     

滥用知识产权也能形成垄断

我国加入世贸以后,全球众多跨国公司自恃优越的知识产权保护体系开始大规模地进军我国,一些跨国公司已把知识产权当成了限制竞争、垄断市场的工具。对此,中外专家在不久前举行的"公平竞争与市场经济2004年上海国际研讨会"上一致呼吁:警惕知识产权滥用。     

知识经济时代跨国公司的成长法则

资源是一个企业得以生存与发展的基础,特别是那些能够使企业获得竞争优势的资源更是企业成长的关键。跨国公司在其成长过程中,总是积极争夺各方面资源,培育并形成核心竞争力。知识经济时代,知识资源成为企业发展最重要的资源,企业间竞争的重心也演变为知识产权的竞争。跨国公司纷纷对其成长策略进行调整,以创新促其成长,以垄断知识资源维持其竞争优势。     

银行竞争、知识产权保护与企业创新 ——基于我国上市公司的经验证据

当前,我国正加快实施创新驱动发展战略,建立适应创新驱动发展要求的金融体系和法律制度是其两大关键保障.本文基于2009—2016年我国上市公司数据,研究了银行竞争对企业创新的影响及作用机制,并分析了这种影响是否受制于当地知识产权保护水平.研究发现:(1)银行竞争对企业创新有显著的促进作用;(2)银行竞争对不同技术含量的专利产出影响不同,对技术含量较高的发明专利影响更小;(3)银行竞争对企业创新的影响机制有两种,缓解外部融资约束和降低融资成本;(4)知识产权保护程度越高的省份,银行竞争对企业创新的促进作用越大.本文拓展了银行业竞争对企业创新的微观影响研究,研究结论为深入理解银行业结构、知识产权保护制度与企业创新之间的关系提供了重要依据,也为制定基于创新驱动的金融发展政策和知识产权保护制度提供了新思路.     

知识产权视野中的金融创新保护

随着我国金融市场对外资银行的全面开放,国内金融市场的竞争态势进一步加剧。其中,金融知识产权的竞争成为各金融企业竞争的一个战略制高点。许多来华的外资金融机构把申请知识产权作为一个重要的战略储备来看,纷纷到中国来注册自己的知识产权,同时投入大量的财力、物力、人力来支持知识产权的研究。据粗略估计,银行信息化和电子银行发展的核心技术有90％以上都已被国外企业和外资金融机构申请了专利。而我国金融企业在知识产权保护方面的情况并不乐观。这种状况如果长期延续下去,势必会对我国金融业,尤其是银行业的未来发展产生全局性和根本性的影响。     

跨国公司知识产权垄断的法律规制探讨

在当前国际经济贸易交往过程中,跨国公司凭借其自身优势地位,滥用知识产权在国际范围内进行垄断和限制竞争行为,给他国利益带来巨大损害.我国相关的反垄断法律规范应从实体、程序两方面,围绕平衡知识产权与垄断、确立一定范围内的反垄断法域外适用条款及设置独立的执法机构等方面进行立法规范.     

浅析煤炭企业的知识产权保护

煤炭工业是我国能源的支柱产业,随着煤炭企业科技兴"煤"战略的实施,煤炭开采的科技水平含量不断增高,煤炭企业要想提高核心竞争力,在激烈的技术竞争中要立于不败之地,就应强化知识产权保护工作,保护企业自身的合法权益.     

试论知识产权保护与企业技术引进技术创新

我国企业在进行资助技术和引进技术创新时,要全面发挥知识产权保护制度的作用,提高国家整体竞争力.本文首先阐述了企业技术引进技术创新的内涵,其次从知识产权保护是企业技术引进技术创新的制度保障:知识产权保护对技术创新主体的利益保障作用和构建知识产权保护战略是企业技术引进技术创新的战略保障这三个方面对知识产权保护与企业技术引进技术创新的关系进行分析,具有一定的参考价值.     

基于我国知识产权战略的资产评估问题研究

随着知识经济的到来,知识产权越来越成为一个国家"软国力"的重要内容.我国于2004年提出研究与实施知识产权战略.知识产权的产业化实施是知识产权战略得以发挥作用的关键,而知识产权评估则是实现知识产权产业化发展的重要一环,在知识产权战略框架下,如何开展知识产权的评估工作,是理论需要研究和现实需要解决的重要问题.本文在分析知识产权战略、产业化发展以及知识产权评估三者关系的同时,提出了知识产权战略下资产评估应注意的问题,即树立知识产权评估的企业服务观念,普及知识产权评估的价值理念,建立知识产权评估的案例信息系统,构筑以咨询、评估、交易为链条的产业化服务网络.     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

我国助学贷款改革刍议--"双担保"机制设计

国家新出台的助学贷款政策，还不过是既有的框架下的局部调整，存在诸多不完善的地方。为此，对国家助学贷款应构建高校与就业单位的“双担保”机制。从长期来看，要构建一个系统有效的“政府部门管理和商业银行运作相结合”、“多层次、多渠道、多方式”、“担保和非担保、贴息和非贴息、市场和非市场运作互相补充”的中国教育金融框架。     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.     

浅议金融机构的举证责任

金融纠纷案件是当事人以存单或进账单、对账单、存款合同、保险单、票据、证券等凭证为主要证据向人民法院提出诉讼的案件,对于不同种类金融纠纷的当事人的举证责任,我国现行的金融法律、法规及司法解释有不同的规定。由于金融机构的特殊法律地位,发生金融纠纷时存在有关当事人将最后偿付风险转移给金融机构承担的主观故意,在客观上会使金融机构难以提供相应的证据来对抗不法债权人的诉讼请求,而导致金融机构败诉。为此,对金融诉讼案件中金融机构的举证责任加以研究具有重要的实践意义。     

人行县支行备份路由的解决方案

目前江苏省内人民银行各县(市)支行与其市中心支行的网络互联是通过专线经中国电信的x.25分组交换网实现的,没有其它备份线路,一旦线路或路由器出现故障,电子联行、银行信贷登记咨询、货币发行管理等业务系统就不能与中心支行的业务系统实现正常通信,这不仅会影响本行业务工作的正常进行,甚至可能会影响上级行业务系统的正常运行.针对这一问题我们首先想到的解决方法是,购买一个路由器作为备份路由器,再租用一条其它方式的远程连接线路作为备份线路,这样的备份设备费用至少15万～2万元.如果采用Windows 2000 Server(或者Windows NT Server 4.0),使用其免费提供的请求拨号路由服务,就能实现临时应急备份路由.下面对Windows2000的请求拨号路由及其安装配置做一详细说明.