首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
会计政策选择的经济动机——基于沪深股市的实证研究   总被引:92,自引:1,他引:91  
王跃堂 《会计研究》2000,(12):31-40
我国企业会计政策选择的行为怎样 ?决定企业会计政策选择的经济动机是什么 ?对这些问题提供答案 ,不仅有助于对现行的会计准则作出客观的评价 ,更重要的是对准则制定机构和会计监管机构有着政策含义。本文以A股公司三大减值政策 (短期投资减值、存货减值和长期投资减值 )的选择为例 ,从契约理论的角度 ,结合我国政治和经济环境的特殊性 ,对上市公司会计政策选择的行为及其经济动机进行了实证研究。研究发现 :1.选择与未选择三大减值政策的两类公司的特征有系统偏差。 2 .决定上市公司会计政策选择行为的不是西方所谓的“三大假设” ,而是证券市场的监管政策、公司治理结构、公司经营水平以及注册会计师的审计意见。  相似文献   

2.
政治成本是由寻租成本、税费管制成本以及社会契约成本组成,在企业的经营和管理中应该正确选择会计政策.文中对企业会计政策选择的经济后果和企业会计选择的政治成本进行了介绍,并探讨了企业会计政策选择的启示.  相似文献   

3.
一、引言企业拥有会计政策选择权是现有的会计理论水平与制度框架下的必然产物,它是一种决策,它的主要目的是以一定的方式影响(形式上或实质地影响)会计系统产出的信息。企业会计政策的选择贯穿了企业从会计确认到计量、记录、报告诸环节构成的整个会计过程,会计的过程其实也是会计选择的过程。而这个过程的最终产品——会计信息多半是主观判断的产物,是各个利益集团如股东、债权人、政府、企业管理当局等各方博弈均衡的结果。企业选择不同的会计政策产生不同的会计信息,导致企业利害关系集团不同的利益分配结果和投资决策行为,进而影响社会资源的配置效果和结果。所以企业各相关利益集团都很重视和关注会计政策的制定和选择问题。会计学术研究中的一个热点问题就是公司的管理者对会计政策如何做出选择。1986年瓦茨和齐默尔曼(Watts and Zimmerman,1986)在《实证会计理论》一书中根据经济学的契约理论,提出会计政策选择动机的三大假设。Zmijewski and Hagerman(1981)等众多学者对三大假设进行了检验,他们都对会计政策选择的经济动机提供了强有力的证据。而美国会计学家斯蒂芬.A.泽弗在其早期论文《〈经济后果〉学说的兴起》中认...  相似文献   

4.
契约理论的企业会计政策选择研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
会计政策是企业会计信息生成的基础,能产生广泛的社会和经济后果。本文以现代企业契约理论为指导,分析了我国的会计政策选择的现状和存在的问题,并就如何优化企业契约、促进效率型的会计政策、实现缔约各方利益最大化进行了深入的探讨。  相似文献   

5.
会计政策是会计发挥其功能作用的重要实现形武,会计政策的选择又与企业的盈亏密切相关.企业只有恰当地选用会计政策,才能公允地反映会计信息提高会计信息的可靠性和相关性.目前已有的实证研究成果表明,上市公司在会计政策选择上不够规范,利用会计政策选择进行盈余管理或者利润操纵的现象较为普遍.必须通过人为设计或强化上市公司会计政策选择的规范,以防止其被过度滥用.为确保会计准则和相关会计制度的贯彻执行,规范企业的会计行为,保证企业会计信息的质量和促使企业利润的合理分配,对企业会计政策选择的研究具有非常重要的意义.  相似文献   

6.
企业会计政策选择机制   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
沙莎 《现代会计》2008,(1):15-18
在计划经济体制下,我国企业会计政策选择的余地甚微,但随着社会主义市场经济体制和现代企业制度的建立和完善,我国企业进行会计政策选择的外部环境和内在动因已经具备,使企业会计政策的选择成为必然,企业通过会计政策的选择,促进企业目标的实现,还可以应对不断出现和变化的新情况、新问题,另外,企业各利益相关者为各自的利益驱动,也会迫使企业进行会计政策的选择,以选择有利于自身利益的会计政策,达到各自的目的。因此,如何正确选用会计政策以恰当表达有效传递会计信息给不同的利益相关者,成为企业会计工作中不可回避的问题。  相似文献   

7.
在我国的计划经济这一个体制背景下,我国的企业会计政策选择过程中的余地很小.但是,伴随着我国的社会主义市场经济以及现代的企业制度不断得到完善和建立,我国的企业所进行的会计政策选择内在动因以及外部环境这二者都已经具备,这也就使得我国企业的会计政策选择已经成为了一种必然趋势,企业通过自身选择会计政策,最终促进了企业实现自身的目标,不仅仅使得企业能够对不断变化以及出现新情况和新问题进行应吐更加能够使得企业保护自身的利盈达到自身的目的。所以,究竟应该怎么样选择会计政策已经成为了企业在自身会计工作过程中不能够缺少和回避的重要问题之一。本文中,笔者就对企业会计政策选择机制进行分析和探讨。  相似文献   

8.
一、企业会计政策选择的涵义及现状分析 会计政策分为宏观会计政策与微观会计政策.微观会计政策即企业会计政策,就是在宏观会计政策范围内,企业根据自身的具体情况所选择的最能反映其财务状况、经营成果和现金流量的会计原则、程序和方法的总称.企业会计政策是由企业管理当局制订并执行的.企业管理当局在我国会计规范体系所规定的范围内,根据特定主体的经营管理目标,对可供选择的会计原则、方法和程序进行定性、定量的比较分析,从而拟定会计政策,这个过程就是企业会计政策的选择.会计政策选择得当,企业就能建立与自身特点相适应的会计核算系统,有助于贯彻企业经营思想、完成企业目标、提供高质量的会计信息.  相似文献   

9.
我国在制定和实施会计准则的过程中,会计政策作为一个新问题逐渐为人们所关注.本文通过对会计政策的内涵、客观必然性及理论基础的阐述和分析,针对我国现阶段企业会计政策选择展开深入探讨,结合新会计准则的主要变化,探析新准则下企业微观会计政策选择的新途径及其对企业的影响并提出会计政策选择的规范,对我国企业会计政策选择今后可能发展的方向提出一些建议,以期能增强对企业会计政策选择的认识.  相似文献   

10.
企业会计政策的选择并不仅是一个会计问题,它更是与企业存在密切关系的经济问题,它关系到市场资源配置的效率和公平.会计政策选择的与否正确直接关系到企业财务信息使用者是否能做出正确合理的决策.因此,会计政策选择无论从宏观还是微观来看都是十分重要的.本文对企业会计政策选择问题进行深入的探究,剖析我国企业会计政策选择存在的一系列问题及原因,同时提出了一系列对策建议,希望能对完善我国目前企业会计政策选择行为起到帮助.  相似文献   

11.
随着企业R&D投入的不断增长,R&D支出会计选择的经济后果变得重要。我国新会计准则由R&D费用化政策转为可选择的有条件资本化政策,面对会计政策的变迁,研究上市公司管理层R&D资本化选择的动机与影响因素成为首要问题。选取2007~2010年高新技术行业公司为样本,研究发现,大规模企业、国有控股公司、机构投资者持股比例越高的公司管理层倾向于选择资本化R&D政策,"四大"审计并未抑制R&D资本化,而债务融资约束不能解释R&D资本化选择动机。我国上市公司管理层选择资本化R&D会计政策既有提高和平滑利润的盈余管理动机,亦有向市场传递研发信号的动机。  相似文献   

12.
The accounting policy choice literature has identified many factors which have been shown to be useful in explaining cross-sectional variation in the accounting methods used by public companies. One relationship which has been relatively unexplored in this literature is the potential effect of international trade on accounting choice. This study proposes that international trading activities may create incentives for firms to choose income increasing accounting policies. This proposition was tested by examining the depreciation choices of a sample of Canadian firms. Results suggest that importers were more likely to choose income increasing accounting methods than non-importers, while exporting was not found to be related to this accounting choice. These diverging results may be caused by the declining value of the Canadian dollar (relative to the US dollar), which tends to benefit exporters, but is of detriment to importers.  相似文献   

13.
This article shows how the difference between the observed frequencies of accounting policy choice and the outcome of a random policy choice, where each available method has an equal chance of being selected, may be fully explained with a statistical model. The process of harmonization is described in a way that identifies departures from equiprobable accounting policy choice as either: (a) the systematic effects of harmonization, or (b) the effects of systematic divergence from international harmony where the frequency of adoption of differing accounting methods varies across countries, or (c) the effects of company-specific accounting policy choices. The understanding of harmony that underlies previous attempts to measure harmonization is such that, with respect to a particular financial statement item, a situation of maximum harmony is reached when all companies in all countries use the same accounting method. From the standpoint of modelling the harmonization process. however, a different concept of harmony may be more useful. In this article, therefore, we posit a state of distributional harnzony in which, other things being equal, the expected distribution of accounting policy choices is the same in each country. In this theoretical state. the odds of selecting a given accounting method from those available for a particular financial statement item are identical for each country. A major advantage of this benchmark is that it provides a basis for distinguishing between two possibly conflicting components of the international harmonization process: between-country harmonization and within-country standardization. A hierarchy of nested statistical models is then used to describe accounting policy choices made by companies with an international shareholding and registered in Europe, where the European Union has been involved in a program of accounting harmonization. The accounting policies analysed in depth in this article comprise the treatment of goodwill and accounting for deferred taxation. The results are compared with the comparability index method used previously in harmonization research studies.  相似文献   

14.
The objective of this research is to explain accounting policy choice in the Australian property industry by reference to costly contracting theory. This paper makes three departures from the predominant literature. First, instead of focusing on a single policy choice, it focuses on a portfolio of 15 choices. Second, instead of measuring each policy choice dichotomously, it measures the dollar effect of each policy choice. Finally, the research focuses on the impact of policy choices on owners' equity as well as income. The results confirm the importance of compensation arrangements as a determinant of accounting policy choice but fail to provide evidence that debt constraints or political costs are significant determinants of accounting policy choice. These results suggest that including property firms in a more heterogeneous sample may reduce the power of tests on the debt constraints and political costs hypotheses. More generally (when compared to previous research) the results suggest that the determinants of policy choice are likely to be industry specific.  相似文献   

15.
We examine the implications of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) for financial statement comparability. We posit that the increased difficulty of estimating future cash flows and the increased opportunity for earnings management with increased EPU reduce the quality of earnings and its comparability. Consistent with this reasoning, we find a negative relation between earnings comparability and lagged EPU. Further, the association between EPU and comparability is more negative for firms that have poorer accruals quality and higher earnings volatility. We do not find that accounting policy choice is systematically related to the association between EPU and comparability. These results suggest that cross-sectional differences in accounting estimates rather than accounting policies influence the relation between EPU and comparability.  相似文献   

16.
This study provides evidence on the cross-sectional relationship between firm-specific variables and management's choice of accounting policies by examining four key accounting-policy disclosures in the 2000/2001 annual reports of 442 listed companies in the Asia Pacific region. The dependent variable is the composite measure for the income increasing (decreasing) accounting-policy choice tendency.The results show that firm-specific variables linked to Costly Contracting Theory partially explain management's choice of accounting policies. Companies that pursue income-increasing accounting techniques are characterized by lower financial leverage, lower level of ownership concentration, and higher investment opportunity sets. This finding holds true when country and industry control variables are not considered. When the control variables are included, the CCT variables are less a factor and instead country of reporting provides the strongest explanation for company managers' choice of accounting policies. Indonesian companies utilize the most income-decreasing accounting technique.  相似文献   

17.
Dividend is the return that an investor receives when purchasing a company's shares. The decision to pay these dividends to shareholders concerns several other groups of people, such as financial managers, consulting firms, individual and institutional investors, government and monitoring authorities, and creditors, just to name a few. The prediction and modelling of this decision has received a significant amount of attention in the corporate finance literature. However, the methods used to study the aforementioned question are limited to the logistic regression method without any implementation of the advanced and expert methods of data mining. These methods have proven their superiority in other business‐related fields, such as marketing, production, accounting and auditing. In finance, bankruptcy prediction has the vast majority among data‐mining implementations, but to the best of the authors’ knowledge such an implementation does not exist in dividend payment prediction. This paper satisfies this gap in the literature and provides answers that help to understand the so‐called ‘dividend puzzle’. Specifically, this paper provides evidence supporting the hypothesis that data‐mining methods perform better in accuracy measures against the traditional methods used. The prediction of dividend policy determinants provides valuable benefits to all related parties, as they can manage, invest, consult and monitor the dividend policy in a more effective way. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

18.
This paper presents evidence that accounting (or flow-of-funds) macroeconomic models helped anticipate the credit crisis and economic recession. Equilibrium models ubiquitous in mainstream policy and research did not. This study traces the intellectual pedigrees of the accounting approach as an alternative to neo-classical economics, and the post-war rise and decline of flow-of-funds models in policy use. It includes contemporary case studies of both types of models, and considers why the accounting approach has remained outside mainstream economics. It provides constructive recommendations on revising methods of financial stability assessment and advocates an ‘accounting of economics’.  相似文献   

19.
货币政策波动、银行信贷与会计稳健性   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
宏观经济政策(如货币政策)如何通过改变微观企业行为来影响经济发展是学术界探讨得比较少的领域。本文在此方向上进行研究尝试,并以货币政策波动对企业会计政策稳健性与银行贷款之间的关系为切人点。具体来说,当货币政策进入紧缩期时,我们预期企业会计政策变得更加稳健,以更容易取得银行贷款。运用1998~2008年的年度数据,并根据央行要求的金融机构存款准备金率、对金融机构的再贷款利率和再贴现利率的变化,我们定义2004、2006、2007年为我国的货币政策紧缩阶段。实证结果基本上支持我们的预期。我们进一步发现依赖于外部融资和拥有更高债务水平的企业会计稳健性更高,持有大量现金的企业会计稳健性更低,国有企业的会计稳健性更低。在会计稳健性的经济后果上,本文发现在货币政策紧缩阶段,会计稳健性的提高有助于企业获得更多的信贷资源。  相似文献   

20.
This study tests whether Australian firms' unregulated foreign-currency accounting policies indicated the extent to which equity claims against the firm were exposed to exchange rate risk. Evidence supports the hypothesis that the methods of accounting for foreign-currency gains and losses on long-term monetary-items were associated with the exposure. Methods of disposing of the gains and losses arising from translation of the accounts of overseas subsidiaries were also associated with the exposure, but not in the manner predicted. The results indicate that foreign-currency accounting policies were established in an interactive (portfolio) decision-making process, and that managers reported equity claim exposures relative to the returns to equity claims against other firms. Overall, the study provides evidence that at least some unregulated choices of foreign-currency accounting methods were made to minimise the agency costs associated with contracts between shareholders and management.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号