公允价值计量对财务报表的影响

新会计准则已于2007年1月1日经财政部颁布并率先在上市公司范围内实行,鼓励条件成熟的其他单位开始执行。本文通过对其主要变化的总结,探讨其对财务报表的影响。公允价值的施行,对财务报表又有利的方面,也存在人为利用新准则的公允价值调节报表的方面,使得企业报表失去了真实性、公允性。     

公允价值计量对财务报表的影响研究

随着国家经济的快速发展,公允价值计量逐渐被我国所应用,不仅能够进一步规范企业财务人员的行为方式,而且对我国经济持续稳定发展发挥着积极的作用。在公允价值计量的作用下,对企业财务报表结构和披露内容产生重要影响,但只有在公允价值应用中,才能确保我国市场经济的平稳发展。为规避不良影响,有关人员有必要对其具体影响进行分析,本文不仅分析其影响,而且提出有效应用公允价值计量的对策建议。     

公允价值计量对我国商业银行财务报表的影响研究

以国有四大银行为研究样本,通过解读其财务报表相关数据,对公允价值计量在我国商业银行的应用现状及对财务报表的影响进行研究探讨,并从多个角度对商业银行运用公允价值计量提出具体建议.     

公允价值在上市公司财务报表中的应用

在我国经济社会不断发展的潮流中,会计行业的经济管理水平也日益趋于成熟,过去的经济社会中存在的市场互相分割模式已经逐步发生变化,以往的会计是依靠通过交易价格来决定成本属性而进行的活动,现在公允价值的计量属性将取代传统的成本属性,成为会计工作的必需品。本文主要根据公允价值对上市公司财务报表产生的影响进行探讨分析,并根据这些影响因素提出了相关建议。     

公允价值计量对财务报表的影响

新会计准则已于2007年1月1日经财政部颁布并率先在上市公司范围内实行,鼓励条件成熟的其他单位开始执行。本文通过对其主要变化的总结,探讨其对财务报表的影响。公允价值的施行,对财务报表又有利的方面,也存在人为利用新准则的公允价值调节报表的方面,使得企业报表失去了真实性、公允性。     

公允价值在上市公司财务报表中的应用

在我国经济社会不断发展的潮流中,会计行业的经济管理水平也日益趋于成熟,过去的经济社会中存在的市场互相分割模式已经逐步发生变化,以往的会计是依靠通过交易价格来决定成本属性而进行的活动,现在公允价值的计量属性将取代传统的成本属性,成为会计工作的必需品。本文主要根据公允价值对上市公司财务报表产生的影响进行探讨分析,并根据这些影响因素提出了相关建议。     

财务报表列报的发展

本文从外部经济环境对财务报表列报的影响说起,以回顾财务报表发展史为视角指出了财务报表的列报主要取决于财务报告的目标。因此,财务报表列报的选择应更好的服务于财务报告的目标。然而,当前的财务报表不具有内在一致性,不能有效地服务财务报告的目标。本文基于IASB/FASB正在研究的财务报表列报与编制的共同项目,旨在使得财务报表之间取向内在的一致性,使得我们看到了财务报表的列报未来发展的方向。同时指出,财务报表列报的改革的成功需要进行相应的配套改革。     

上市公司财务报表审计中对舞弊的审计策略

<正>在证券市场成立之初,上市公司财务报告舞弊一直以来就不曾断过。在20世纪90年代初期的深圳原野、长城机电、海南新华"三大虚假财务报告(验资)案件",步入21世纪,随着监管力度的加强,越来越多的财务报告舞弊事件浮出水面。2000年郑百文、黎明股份案件的余震还未完全消失,2002年的三九医药案,2004年"德隆系的崩盘"等等,尤其是"银广夏风暴"更是将财务报告舞弊推到了高潮。财务报表是经营管理和科学决策的重要依据,也是国民经济宏观和微观的重要信息来源。如果能够得到及时、可靠的会计信息,就可以及早地察觉和防范可能出现的问题及损失。     

合并财务报表抵销前的报表调整

合并财务报表时,除应按规定抵销企业集团内部交易对合并财务报表的影响外,还应对涉及母、子公司个别财务报表列报的各项财务指标的确认和计量的方法和金额进行调整。而且,这些调整往往属于编制抵销分录的前置必经程序。以新会计准则的相关规定为依据,结合具体会计实务,分析研究这些调整的共同特点和基本操作,并分别介绍涉及会计政策、会计期间的调整、涉及子公司资产负债公允价值的调整、与子公司资产负债公允价值相关的损益调整、涉及企业合并商誉的调整,以及按权益法调整对子公司的长期股权投资等。     

Presenting Discounted Future Cash Receipts and Payments in Financial Statements

This article is about the commonly asserted view that present value, the discounted amount of future cash receipts and payments, is an attribute of assets and that it ideally should replace acquisition cost as the attribute of assets to present in financial statements. The view is based on faulty extrapolation from economics and the study of finance. Use of present value in connection with the preparation of financial statements does not contribute to performing their basic function, which is to report relevant real world conditions as they exist and existed and relevant financial effects of relevant real world events as they occurred. The view turns discounting into a magical process, it reverses the chronological order of cause and effect, and it unjustifiably substitutes the financial effects of supposed future events for the financial effects of historical events as the raw material of financial statements. The future does not yet exist and such financial events have not yet occurred; the present condition therefore can in no way depend on them. The discounted amount of future cash receipts and payments is not an attribute of assets and it should therefore not replace acquisition cost as the attribute of assets to present in financial statements.     

Simulation of Controlled Financial Statements

Many accounting and finance studies investigate the time-series properties of historical accounting records from corporate financial statements. Some of them have recognized the potential benefits of using disaggregated monthly accounting records. Disaggregated data are beneficial because one can use more data points within a relatively short period of time, thus reducing the chance of structural change. The added data points and reduction of the number of variables needed to accommodate potential structural changes can enhance the statistical power of any subsequent analysis. The use of disaggregated data may also improve the predictive ability of time-series analytic approaches. In order to systematically assess various financial indicators and investigate the effects of different organizational characteristics, a large number of monthly statements with certain predetermined characteristics are desirable. However, such statements are not readily available. At best, monthly statements can be obtained from a few volunteer companies. Under this circumstance, simulation of controlled financial statements seems to be a reasonable solution. This research explores a methodology for simulating complete monthly financial statements based on actual company quarterly financial statements. The methodology incorporates the interrelationships among accounting numbers and the effects of exogenous variables. To test the empirical validity and whether the monthly results derived from the quarterly data can accurately track the real monthly figures, we compare the results simulated by the proposed method and those generated by a naive random walk model. We test both complete financial statements for three companies and sales statistics from the retail industry. The results of both tests demonstrate the superiority of the method proposed by this study over a naive random walk model. The proposed simulation method provides an opportunity for researchers to examine the time-series properties of financial statement elements by using the monthly data of a large number of companies. In addition, the simulation approach allows researchers to perform cross sectional comparisons on companies with different characteristics (e.g., sales behavior patterns and degrees of stability) in their financial and economic activities. Moreover, it enables the researchers to manipulate some of these characteristics to test various hypotheses.     

财务会计报告编制中的目标导向

<企业会计准则一基本准则>第四条对财务会计报告的目标作出了规定.准则明确了财务会计报告是从企业财务状况、经营成果和现金流量三个方面提供能够反映企业管理层受托责任履行情况和有助于财务会计报告使用者作出经济决策的财务会计信息,这一目标无论是对财务会计报告编制还是注册会计师的财务会计报告鉴证,都起着核心指导作用.财务会计报告编制过程中大量的专业判断、编制形成的财务会计信息的信息质量保障以及注册会计师作为财务会计信息公允性鉴证者的鉴证风险控制,都需要以财务会计报告的目标为导向,始终不忘财务会计报告为使用者提供决策有用信息这一根本目标.     

合并会计报表编制的两个问题

编制合并会计报表是为了综合反映母公司和子公司形成的企业集团的经营成果、财务状况及其变动情况,满足投资者、债权人、政府部门和其他相关报表使用者的需要。笔者就编制合并会计报表实际工作中遇到的两个问题予以探讨。子公司超额亏损在合并会计报表中的处理1.对于子公司经营不善已资不抵债,并且不具有持续经营能力的情况根据财政部《合并会计报表暂行规定》(财会字[1995]11号)和《关于合并会计报表合并范围请示的复函》(财会字[1996]2号)的相关规定,不具有持续经营能力的子公司不纳入公司合并会计报表范围,在这种情况下不存在合并会计报…     

财务报表审计中对舞弊的考虑

《中国注册会计师审计准则第1141号——财务报表审计中对舞弊的考虑》共有14章、90条。该准则界定了注册会计师在财务报表审计中对发现和报告舞弊的责任,并对注册会计师识别、评估和应对舞弊风险做出了规范。下面简要介绍一下该准则的一些重点和难点。     

Assisting Inexperienced Accountants in Developing Financial Statements

Finnish accounting regulation allows firms a lot of discretion in affecting net profit, e.g. via tax depreciation on fixed assets and changes in untaxed reserves. The Tax Authorities use the net profit as a basis when calculating taxes for the period. This means that tax planning plays a central role in developing financial statements. The planning requires a lot of expertise and is often a difficult and time-consuming task, especially for less experienced accountants. The author has built a knowledge-based system to aid in developing the financial statements for limited companies. The usability of the system for inexperienced accountants has been tested and the system and the test conducted is described. The results of the test show that the system is of considerable help for inexperienced accountants.     

合并会计报表若干理论问题探讨

作为财务会计三大难题之一 ,合并会计报表理论最近几年经历了重大变化。继美国财务会计准则委员会(FASB) 1995年颁布《合并财务报表———政策与程序》征求意见稿拟以主体观念取代母公司观念之后 ,其他发达国家的会计准则制定机构也纷纷对合并报表的编制观念进行反思。我国关于合并报表的规定也面临着修订和完善。基于此 ,本文拟从理论渊源、合并理念两个角度 ,论述合并报表的三种基本观念———所有者观、主体观、母公司观 ,并进行必要的评述。以此为基础 ,本文还将对我国合并会计报表的理论选择进行探讨。