强化基层央行贯彻实施货币政策效果的思考

人民银行职能调整后,基层央行贯彻实施货币政策的职能更加突出.本文分析了影响基层央行货币政策传导效应的诸多因素,并提出基层央行进一步强化货币政策传导效应的对策.     

货币政策传导的阻滞因素分析及其建议

一、货币政策在基层传导的阻滞因素 (一)基层人民银行自身存在制约因素 基层人民银行在传导货币政策方面受到以下因素制约:一是基层人民银行仍在很大程度上受地方政府的干预影响,贯彻执行货币政策的权威性不足.独立性不强.二是金融监管职能分设后.基层人民银行对商业银行缺少强有力的调控手段,难以有效督促金融机构贯彻执行货币政策.三是县级人民银行员工知识陈旧.分析问题和解决问题的能力欠缺,也直接影响了货币政策传导效果.     

基层央行传导和执行货币政策的梗阻与建议

2004年是新修订的<中国人民银行法>正式实施的第一年,面对中央银行职能的转换,基层央行存在在传导和落实货币政策方面感到无能为力的问题,因此,基层央行如何转变工作思路、创新行之有效的货币政策传导方式、疏通货币政策传导渠道、提高货币政策传导效果成为人们关注的热点、难点和重点,本文拟结合近几年基层央行传导和落实货币政策的实际,分析其存在的问题,对基层央行传导和落实货币政策进行探讨.     

影响基层货币政策传导的因素及对策分析

本文从目前基层人民银行在货币政策传导中所处的位置和作用入手，客观分析了影响基层货币政策传导效率五个方面的因素，提出了加强基层货币政策传导的可行性建议。     

强化基层央行贯彻实施货币政策效果的思考

人民银行职能调整后,基层央行贯彻实施货币政策的职能更加突出。本文分析了影响基层央行货币政策传导效应的诸多因素,并提出基层央行进一步强化货币政策传导效应的对策。     

关于强化基层央行"窗口指导"效能的思考

"窗口指导"是基层央行贯彻执行国家货币政策的重要手段.其作用的有效发挥是衡量人民银行履职效能标准之一.然而实践证明,人民银行特别是基层央行发挥"窗口指导"的作用较弱,取得的效果不佳.如何进一步发挥基层央行"窗口指导"作用,增强运用"窗口指导"的实效性,从而提高货币政策传导机制的效率,值得我们深入探讨和研究.     

基层央行有效贯彻货币政策的思考

人民银行职能调整后,如何更有效地贯彻执行货币政策,是摆在基层支行面前的一个重要课题。基层人民银行作为传导货币政策的“末梢”,在货币政策传导机制中发挥着重要的作用,本文拟通过分析货币政策传导机制的具体内容、货币政策在基层传导实施中存在的问题及原因,提出提高货币政策在县域传导有效性的对策建议。     

基层央行实施货币政策的若干思考

贯彻落实货币信贷政策是基层央行的重要职责.从近年来实施货币政策的实践看,尽管货币政策传导总体上能够体现政策意图,但实施过程中还存在着一些问题及障碍.要按照科学发展观要求贯彻落实好货币政策,促进经济的全面可持续发展.     

货币政策传导的阻滞因素分析及其建议

<正>一、货币政策在基层传导的阻滞因素(一)基层人民银行自身存在制约因素基层人民银行在传导货币政策方面受到以下因素制约:一是基层人民银行仍在很大程度上受地方政府的干预影响,贯彻执行货币政策的权威性不足,独立性不强。二是金融监管职能分设后,基层人民银行对商业银行缺少强有力的调控手段,难以有效督促金融机构贯彻执行货币政策。三是县级人民银行员工知识陈旧,分析问题和解决问题的能力欠缺,也直接影响了货币政策传导效果。     

职能转换后基层央行如何贯彻执行好货币政策

银行监管职能分设后,央行将专司货币政策的制定和执行,宏观调控的任务更加艰巨,地位也更加突出.基层央行作为货币政策的贯彻执行者,处于货币政策传导的神经枢纽,直接面对着政府、银行和企业,其职能履行情况直接影响着央行货币政策贯彻执行的效果.笔者认为基层人民银行在负责传导和贯彻落实总行的货币政策时要更新工作理念,调整工作思路,转变工作方式,完善工作机制,确保货币政策在基层央行得到有效贯彻执行.     

货币政策和银行风险承担：一种非线性关系

宽松的货币政策会通过估值、收入和现金流机制,追逐收益机制以及中央银行沟通和反应机制等渠道增加银行风险承担,通过风险转移机制降低银行风险承担,从而导致货币政策与银行风险承担之间可能存在复杂的非线性关系。本文使用面板阈值模型,基于我国银行业数据研究了货币政策对银行风险承担的影响,发现我国货币政策对银行风险承担的影响存在门限效应,即货币政策对银行风险承担的影响取决于货币政策基准利率偏离泰勒规则利率的程度。当这种偏离小于门限值时,宽松货币政策会增加银行风险承担;当这种偏离大于门限值时,宽松货币政策会降低银行风险承担。本文研究对更好地理解我国货币政策对银行风险承担及金融稳定的影响有一定参考意义。     

International monetary policy transmission through banks in small open economies

This paper studies the international transmission of monetary policy through banks in small open economies using the examples of Switzerland and Canada. We assess the inward transmission of foreign monetary policy for Switzerland and the outward transmission of domestic monetary policy for Canada. In both country cases, we focus on the international bank lending and the international portfolio channel, which make opposing predictions about how monetary policy transmits internationally through banks. Our results on the inward transmission of foreign monetary policy through banks in Switzerland are consistent with a role for the international portfolio channel, but we find no evidence for the traditional international bank lending channel. The results on the outward transmission of domestic monetary policy in Canada suggest that foreign lending by Canadian banks is affected through both channels, which work as predicted and largely balance each other.     

On the role of Islamic and conventional banks in the monetary policy transmission in Malaysia: Do size and liquidity matter?

This paper empirically investigates the impact of monetary policy on the credit supply of Islamic versus conventional banks of Malaysia using an unbalanced panel dataset over the period 2005-2016. While estimating the effects of three alternative measures of monetary policy on banks' credit supply, we include several bank-specific and macroeconomic variables in the specification as control variables. We provide strong evidence on the existence of the credit channel of monetary policy transmission mechanism in Malaysia. Yet, we show that Islamic banks respond considerably less to changes in monetary policy instruments as compared to their conventional counterparts. We also find that the monetary policy measures affect small-sized banks and less-liquid banks more as compared to large-sized and more-liquid banks. Our findings suggest that for an effective monetary policy, there is a vital need to consider the nature of Islamic banking while devising any monetary policy instruments to manage credit supply in the economy.     

Interest rate derivatives at commercial banks: An empirical investigation

I analyze the effects of bank characteristics and macroeconomic shocks on interest rate risk-management behavior of commercial banks. My findings are consistent with hedging theories based on cost of financial distress and costly external financing. Banks with higher probability of financial distress manage their interest rate risk more aggressively, both by means of on-balance sheet and off-balance sheet instruments. As compared to the derivative users, the derivative non-user banks adopt conservative asset-liability management policies in tighter monetary policy regimes. Finally, I show that the derivative non-user bank's lending volume declines significantly with the contraction in the money supply. Derivative users, on the other hand, remain immune to the monetary policy shocks. My findings suggest that a potential benefit of derivatives usage is to minimize the effect of external shocks on a firm's operating policies.     

货币政策与银行风险承担

本文从货币政策影响银行风险承担的作用机理入手,总结了风险定价模型效应、逐利锦标赛效应、思维定势效应和中央银行沟通反馈效应等四条货币政策对银行风险承担影响的渠道,并以2004~2010年中国16家上市银行的数据为样本,采用系统广义矩估计方法实证分析中国货币政策对银行风险承担的影响。实证分析结果表明:我国货币政策与银行风险呈负相关关系,即宽松的货币政策鼓励了银行的风险承担;随着存款利率水平和存款准备金率的降低,银行的风险承担提高;同时中国银行的风险承担与GDP的增长呈正相关关系,即具有显著顺周期特征。     

Countercyclical Bank Capital Requirement and Optimized Monetary Policy Rules

Using BoC-GEM-Fin, a large-scale dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model with real, nominal, and financial frictions featuring a banking sector, we explore the macroeconomic implications of various types of countercyclical bank capital regulations. Results suggest that countercyclical capital requirements have a significant stabilizing effect on key macroeconomic variables, but mostly after financial shocks. Moreover, the bank capital regulatory policy and monetary policy interact, and this interaction is contingent on the type of shocks that drive the economic cycle. Finally, we analyze loss functions based on macroeconomic and financial variables to arrive at an optimal countercyclical regulatory policy in a class of simple implementable Taylor-type rules. Compared to bank capital regulatory policy, monetary policy is able to stabilize the economy more efficiently after real shocks. On the other hand, financial shocks require the regulator to be more aggressive in loosening/tightening capital requirements for banks, even as monetary policy works to counter the deviations of inflation from the target.     

政策连续性与商业银行系统性风险

本文基于2007年第一季度至2019年第四季度中国A股32家上市银行非平衡面板数据,从“冲击”和“传染”两个维度考察了政策连续性对银行系统性风险的影响。实证结果表明,政策连续性程度的提高通过降低银行个体风险和减弱银行个体与系统的关联性进而显著降低了银行系统性风险。进一步分析发现,政策连续性降低了银行被动风险承担水平而非主动风险承担意愿,减弱了银行间接关联程度而非直接关联程度。异质性分析表明,经济下行和货币宽松时期,政策连续性对系统性风险的降低效应更大,并且本身破产风险越高、信息透明度越低的银行,其系统性风险受政策连续性的影响越大。区分不同类型的政策发现,货币政策、财政政策、汇率与资本项目政策的连续性上升均能显著降低银行系统性风险,其中货币政策连续性对银行系统性风险的影响力度最大。     

Implications of bank ownership for the credit channel of monetary policy transmission: Evidence from India

Using bank-level data from India, we examine the impact of ownership on the reaction of banks to monetary policy, and also test whether the reaction of different types of banks to monetary policy changes is different in easy and tight policy regimes. Our results suggest that there are considerable differences in the reactions of different types of banks to monetary policy initiatives of the central bank, and that the bank lending channel of monetary policy is likely to be much more effective in a tight money period than in an easy money period. We also find differences in impact of monetary policy changes on less risky short-term and more risky medium-term lending. We discuss the policy implications of the findings.     

货币政策对流动性风险的影响——基于银行信贷行为视角

本文基于我国现实背景和《巴塞尔协议Ⅲ》,利用2008年至2017年间194家商业银行的相关数据,对我国银行净稳定资金率进行了度量,并在此基础上,检验了货币政策对我国商业银行流动性风险的影响,探究了其影响机理和传导渠道。研究表明:扩张型货币政策会提高商业银行的流动性风险;不同经济环境下,货币政策对流动性风险的影响存在差异但不具备异质性;不同类型的商业银行中,货币政策对流动性风险的影响不具有异质性;在货币政策对流动性风险的影响中,银行信贷行为是重要的传导渠道。因此,央行可基于货币政策对流动性风险的影响差异进行相机抉择;商业银行则要加强信贷规模和质量的管理,优化资产结构,通过弱化信贷渠道作用来降低货币政策对银行流动性风险的不良影响。     

我国货币政策风险承担渠道存在吗？--基于GMM方法的实证研究

本文收集了2004—2013年我国45家商业银行的微观数据和相关宏观数据,并运用差分GMM回归方法对我国货币政策风险承担渠道的存在性做了实证检验。研究结果表明：我国的货币政策风险承担渠道确实存在,且宽松的货币政策会刺激银行承担更多的风险;价格型货币政策工具对银行风险承担的影响大于数量型货币政策工具;银行的规模大小、盈利水平和资本充足性与银行风险承担呈反比;人均GDP增长率、银行业竞争性与银行风险承担呈正比。