Rollover Risk and Credit Risk

Our model shows that deterioration in debt market liquidity leads to an increase in not only the liquidity premium of corporate bonds but also credit risk. The latter effect originates from firms' debt rollover. When liquidity deterioration causes a firm to suffer losses in rolling over its maturing debt, equity holders bear the losses while maturing debt holders are paid in full. This conflict leads the firm to default at a higher fundamental threshold. Our model demonstrates an intricate interaction between the liquidity premium and default premium and highlights the role of short‐term debt in exacerbating rollover risk.     

会计核算风险的风险矩阵计量分析及其运用

风险计量是开展风险监督管理的基础,是确认风险状态的重要依据,其准确性直接影响风险监督管理的水平.本文结合人民银行事后监督工作实际,在分析监督检查中积累的会计核算差错数据基础上,构建核算风险矩阵,对风险影响等级、风险发生概率进行综合评估,并利用风险等级量化和Borda序值方法给出风险排序、对风险点进行计量得出风险值,从而为人民银行加强风险监督工作提供依据.     

Incomplete Consumption Risk Sharing and Currency Risk Premiums

This article studies the impact of imperfect consumption risksharing across countries on the formation of time-varying riskpremiums in the foreign exchange market and on their cross-sectionaldifferences. These issues are addressed within the frameworkof the Constantinides and Duffie (1996) model applied to a multicountryworld. The article shows that the cross-country variance ofconsumption growth rates is counter-cyclical and that this featureof consumption data is mildly helpful for currency pricing.In particular, unlike the standard CCAPM, the new model is ableto generate currency risk premiums at lower values of risk aversionand provide certain explanatory power for cross-sectional differencesin currency returns.     

风险映射与商业银行操作风险控制

风险映射与操作风险的识别 操作风险的识别过程实际上就是对金融机构业务活动的各个阶段进行风险映射(risk mapping),从而识别操作过程中的关键风险因素.风险映射作为操作风险管理的基础,它与市场风险和信用风险不同,它无法针对具体的产品.     

内部控制、风险控制与风险管理——基于组织目标的概念解说与思想演进

COSO报告(2004)认为内部控制是风险管理的组成部分。但是,内部控制与风险管理在功能和内涵上究竟是什么关系,这方面的研究并不充分。本文从组织目标出发,对内部控制、风险控制以及风险管理三者之间的关系进行了基本的概念解说,并从历史变迁的角度,研究了内部控制、风险控制和风险管理三者的思想内涵及其演进过程。     

BNPP银行的风险控制与风险分散

BNPP银行完善的风险防范体系、成熟的风险控制和风险分散技术是保证其资产质量的根本.其做法:制定全行统一的风险管理政策;从组织架构上建立全方位、立体化的风险控制体系;IT系统对风险控制的支持;专家直接参与风险管理;信贷风险分析技术的国际化;保险公司对信贷风险的分散;对有问题客户集中处理和不良贷款集中管理.     

Currency Risk and Country Risk in International Banking

This paper focuses on the conditions under which banks are subject to currency and country risks on their dollar-denominated loans to foreign firms and governments. We conclude that currency risk is a function of the rates of domestic and foreign inflation, deviations from purchasing power parity, and the effect of these deviations on the firm's and the nation's dollar-equivalent cash flows. Country risk is largely determined by the variability of the nation's terms of trade and the government's willingness to allow the national economy to adjust rapidly to changing economic fortunes.     

证券公司风险来源与业务风险点

十多年来,随着我国证券市场的发展,我国的证券公司也得到了迅速地发展,但由于受到各方面的影响和制约,证券公司在经营和管理上难免存在一些问题,这些问题决定了现阶段我国证券公司的审计属于一项高风险的审计.     

Characteristics of Risk and Return in Risk Arbitrage

This paper analyzes 4,750 mergers from 1963 to 1998 to characterize the risk and return in risk arbitrage. Results indicate that risk arbitrage returns are positively correlated with market returns in severely depreciating markets but uncorrelated with market returns in flat and appreciating markets. This suggests that returns to risk arbitrage are similar to those obtained from selling uncovered index put options. Using a contingent claims analysis that controls for the nonlinear relationship with market returns, and after controlling for transaction costs, we find that risk arbitrage generates excess returns of four percent per year.     

Deregulation and Risk

The recent market turmoil has brought attention to how deregulation of the financial sector may affect risk. The purpose of our study is to examine the market's perception of risk associated with deregulation. We accomplish this by decomposing security risk around deregulation into systematic and unsystematic risk. We examine deregulation of several industries and find a consistent pattern of risk adjustment to deregulation, whereby the increase in security risk is temporary and largely unsystematic.     

Land Development: Risk, Return and Risk Management

We model and examine the financial aspects of the land development process incorporating the industry practice of preselling lots to builders through the use of option contracts as a risk management technique. Using contingent claims valuation, we are able to determine endogenously the land value, presale option value, credits spreads and the effects of presales on debt pricing and equity expected returns. We show that using presales options effectively shift market risk from the land developer to the builder. Results from the model are consistent with the high rates of return on equity observed in empirical surveys; they also suggest that developers may be justified in pursuing projects with substantially lower expected returns to equity when a large number of lots can be presold. Additionally, we show that presales reduce default risk dramatically for leveraged projects and can support a considerable reduction in the cost of construction financing. Large debt risk premiums are justified for highly levered projects, which helps explain the use of mezzanine financing in the land development industry to reduce expected default costs.

Expected Returns,Time-varying Risk,and Risk Premia

A new empirical model for intertemporal capital asset pricing is presented that allows both time-varying risk premia and betas where the latter are identified from the dynamics of the conditional covariance of returns. The model is more successful in explaining the predictable variations in excess returns when the returns on the stock market and corporate bonds are included as risk factors than when the stock market is the single factor. Although changes in the covariance of returns induce variations in the betas, most of the predictable movements in returns are attributed to changes in the risk premia.     

人力资本投资:风险与风险规避

自美国经济学家发现人力资本对经济发展的巨大贡献以来,人们的注意力主要集中于阐述人力资本投资的高收益性,而人力资本投资的风险性却很少被论及。实现有效的人力资本投资,必须建立在充分认识人力资本投资特点的基础上,而规避人力资本投资风险的根本途径是明晰人力资本产权和建立人力资本市场。     

风险导向型审计·法律风险·审计质量──兼论“五大”在我国审计市场的行为

本文讨论了法律风险、风险导向型审计及审计质量之间的关系 ,主要观点包括 :风险导向型审计产生于美国 2 0世纪 70年代高法律风险的外部环境 ;我国会计职业界所面临的法律风险低 ,如果简单套用风险导向型审计 ,有可能导致审计质量系统性低下。文章还进一步讨论了以五大为代表的国际知名会计师事务所面临的道德风险困境及对审计质量的负面影响。     

税收风险管理与银行风险管理的比较分析及其启示

以债权债务关系、信用基础为起点,对税收风险管理和银行风险管理的风险性质、风险管理发展历史、风险管理理念和目标进行了比较分析,指出了税收风险管理和银行风险管理的诸多相似之处;进而提出了借鉴商业银行风险管理的成果和经验,在组织架构、量化管理技术、流程再造、风险预警、内部控制、数据质量、压力测试等方面对税收风险管理体系建设的启示。     

Risk Assessments and Risk Premiums in the Eurodollar Market

Increasing awareness of the potential risks involved in lending to heavily indebted governments focuses attention on credit pricing in the Eurodollar market. This paper utilizes a recent survey of country-by-country risk assessments as perceived by lenders to show that a systematic relationship exists between these assessments and interest rates in the Euromarket. The relationship is derived from an underlying model described in the paper. The estimated parameters verify a number of hypotheses, providing insights on the loss rates lenders expect to incur in case of default.     

Risk Aversion and the Value of Risk to Life

The standard literature on the value of life relies on Yaari’s (1965) model, which includes an implicit assumption of risk neutrality with respect to life duration. To overpass this limitation, we extend the theory to a simple variety of preferences that are not necessarily additively separable. The enlargement we propose is relevant for the evaluation of life‐saving programs: current practice, we estimate, puts too little weight on mortality risk reduction of the young. Our correction exceeds in magnitude that introduced by the switch from the notion of number of lives saved to the notion of years of life saved.