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1.
财政分权化改革是我国地方政府举债融资的制度性根源。随着地方政府债务余额不断膨胀,债务风险与日俱增,潜在利益的改变催生了国家对地方政府举债行为的态度与倾向的变化,进而推动了原有制度安排的变迁。从《预算法》到《预算法修正案》再到"89号文",地方政府举债融资改革已由以融资平台为主的间接融资转向通过发行地方政府债券的直接融资与间接融资并存的局面,未来更将走向由地方政府债券占据主导地位的直接融资趋势。在我国地方政府举债融资改革路径选择上,关键因素在于摩擦成本,最优策略在于增量改革,成功标志在于存量改革。为更好地适应地方政府债券市场发展的需要,以便充分实现我国地方政府举债融资改革制度变迁既定目标,需从加强法制建设、明确功能定位、构建制衡机制、强化市场约束和风险控制等几个方面进一步推进我国地方政府债券市场发展。  相似文献   

2.
本文采用2005—2017年宏微观数据,研究地方政府债务对企业投资效率的影响及作用机制。结果表明地方政府债务扩张降低了企业投资效率,且在不同产权下影响机制存在差异,一方面加剧了非国有企业融资约束导致其投资不足,另一方面加剧了国有企业过度负债导致其投资过度。研究还发现,金融分权具有显著的调节作用,金融隐性分权加剧了地方政府债务对两类企业投资效率的负效应,金融显性集权削弱了地方政府债务对非国有企业投资不足的负效应,但对国有企业投资过度负效应影响不显著。本研究为地方政府债务影响辖区经济高质量发展提供了微观路径。应优化地方政府债务融资结构,完善金融分权制度,为企业提供良好投融资环境,提高企业投资效率,进而推进经济高质量发展。  相似文献   

3.
黎欢 《武汉金融》2014,(4):20-23
以我国省级面板数据为样本,本文考察了中国经济转型时期在地方政府干预和银行自身改革两种力量的作用下,金融发展对我国经济增长方式变迁的影响,相较以往文献对金融发展、地方政府干预两个关键指标的刻画做出显著改进。研究发现,一方面地方政府在财政分权造成的"弱财政"背景下对地方银行信贷进行干预,会固化资本积累的"粗放型"增长方式;另一方面金融系统的市场化改革有利于经济增长方式向提高劳动生产率的"集约型"转变,从而有力地促进了中国经济的增长。  相似文献   

4.
政府干预、法治、金融发展与国有企业银行贷款   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
本文分析我国各地区的政府干预、法治和金融发展对地方政府控制的国有企业的银行贷款的影响。研究结果发现,地区的法治水平和金融发展水平越高,企业获得的银行贷款越少,贷款期限越短。这个结果与法与金融文献的理论预期和实证结果相反。本文的证据表明,产生这种差异的主要原因是地方政府有很强的动机通过干预银行的信贷决策给国有企业提供贷款支持,而法治和金融发展可以减少地方政府干预给国有企业带来的贷款支持效应。我们还发现,地方政府通过干预银行的信贷决策给国有企业提供的贷款支持是低效率的。  相似文献   

5.
通过建立地方政企合谋与信贷资源配置的数理模型来研究分权下地方政府干预信贷资源配置服务于地方政府的自身效用,结果表明地方政企合谋是地方政府在直接干预力度减弱的情况下,间接干预金融资源配置的一个重要的途径;且地方政府官员的政治晋升是助长这些干预行为的关键因素。若将发现地方政企合谋与政府地方官员政治晋升与否直接相关,即能起到威慑作用,并能形成最优的防范地方政企合谋契约。  相似文献   

6.
崔兵 《武汉金融》2012,(9):17-19
财政分权理论和金融发展理论中的金融约束论和市场增进论都证实地方政府在金融发展中的正向作用。地方政府作为中国金融制度变迁中"中间扩散型制度变迁方式"的主导者的职能及充当信用和信息中介职能的中国经验验证了金融发展理论的理论结论。  相似文献   

7.
本文以中国财政分权改革为背景,利用1985~2010年29个省份的省级面板数据,分析了财政分权、金融发展与城乡收入差距之间的关系。研究发现:始于1985年的财政分权改革,大幅提高了城乡居民的收入,且金融发展从总体上也提高了城乡居民的收入;然而,1994年进一步的分权分税制改革后,由于地方政府之间存在盲目和恶性竞争,使得金融发展与城乡收入差距背道而驰。由于我国金融结构不合理,导致城乡收入差距不断扩大。因此,要缩小城乡收入差距,就需要鼓励农村内生金融健康发展,改变城乡"二元金融结构",建立城乡互惠的金融制度。  相似文献   

8.
利用河南1990—2009年的时间序列数据,考察河南的金融发展及其对经济增长的影响,结果表明,分权改革给河南地方政府带来了极大的财政压力,导致其对金融信贷过多地强制性干预,从而阻碍了金融部门资源配置效率,使得河南金融发展呈现量性扩张、质性不足的特点,总体滞后于全国平均水平,且对经济增长的贡献为负。因此,在今后改革中,河南省应减少政府的干预行为,发挥其服务性功能,从而使金融回归其本职功能,并发挥其对经济增长的支持作用。  相似文献   

9.
财政分权化改革的实施使得地方政府财政自给能力持续下降,在寻求经济增长内在动力的推动下进一步衍生出地方政府的举债行为,两者共同构成我国地方政府举债融资的制度性根源。随着财政体制的不断发展,潜在利益的改变催生了国家对地方政府举债行为的态度与倾向的变化,进而推动了原有制度安排的变迁。实践经验表明,在地方政府举债融资改革路径选择上,关键因素在于摩擦成本,最优策略在于增量改革,成功标志在于存量改革;在地方政府最优融资工具选择上,通过透明、高效和规范的资本市场发行政府债券进行低成本的直接融资成为地方政府首选。考虑到"89号文"的出台将进一步加快按照地方政府性基金收入项目分类发行专项债券的步伐,在地方政府未来走向由政府债券占据主导地位的直接融资新趋势逐渐明朗之际,为更好地适应地方政府债券市场发展的需要,需从加强法制建设、明确功能定位、构建制衡机制、强化市场约束和风险控制等几个方面进一步推进我国地方政府债券市场发展。  相似文献   

10.
财政分权、晋升竞争与企业研发投入   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文分析了内生于财政分权和晋升竞争制度安排的地方政府干预对企业研发投入的影响,指出在财政分权与基于GDP增长的官员考核机制下,地方政府官员追求任期内的政绩和经济利益的诉求更加强烈,这导致地方政府以及政府官员会利用控制的资源或手中的权力积极干预辖区企业经营行为,影响了企业作出有效率的投资决策,旨在增加地方财政收入和基于GDP的晋升激励的地方政府干预行为抑制了辖区内的企业研发投入。  相似文献   

11.
Infrastructure services crucially affect competitiveness and efficiency. They are essential but they usually require important amounts of public funds. In decentralised countries, regional governments cannot usually afford large infrastructure projects, so co-financing with the central government is required. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the influence of the central government financing mechanisms on the contract offered by the regional government for the construction, maintenance and operation of the infrastructure. We prove that if the central government uses certain financing mechanisms (total cost coverage), the regional government may have no incentives to offer an efficient contract to the firm.  相似文献   

12.
韩宁 《当代金融研究》2020,2020(4):97-106
政府合同管理立法方兴未艾,不少地方政府使用规章或规范性文件对政府合同管理活动加以调整。作为一个规范概念而非学理概念,政府合同同时包括缔结主体一方为行政机关的民事合同以及一般学理意义上的行政协议。行政机关之所以要对不具有同质性的民事合同与行政协议统一管理,乃是出于回应行政任务的需求,同时也标志着行政机关开始具有监管者、管理者的双重身份。政府合同管理主要体现为内部行政活动,但仍然要遵循依法行政原则。在政府合同管理过程中,需兼顾管理活动的合法性与作为管理对象的政府合同的合法性,并同时受行政法律规范与民事法律规范的羁束。  相似文献   

13.
This paper seeks to assess to what extent e-government enables accountability and transparency in EU local governments. It also provides an overall view about how local governments are implementing ICTs initiatives to bring citizens closer to governments. Although the mere capacity of the Internet for the dissemination of information improves accountability and makes benchmarking easier, our results show that the expected benefits are far from being achieved because e-government projects are still in the early stages. The results also show that, at present, ICTs have not had a dramatic impact on EU local government accountability.  相似文献   

14.
Academic literature in public finance has focused on interjurisdictional tax competition—namely among similar types of local governments—but has leaved vertical externalities arising from interactions between two overlapping governments sharing the same tax base aside. The purpose of this paper is to provide a simple model within which interjurisdictional tax competition and vertical interactions between two overlapping governments that share the same tax base can be analyzed simultaneously. We find that interjurisdictional tax competition reduces the global tax rate set by both overlapping governments (federal and local) but is unable to solve completely the distortion arising from vertical externalities. The model is also extended to allow for government subsidies to industrial capital. We give sufficient conditions for capital subsidies to be more efficient to attract capital when they are granted at a federal level rather than at a local level.  相似文献   

15.
Global infrastructure reports suggest that, in the wake of the fiscal crisis, healthcare PPPs are seen as a growing area as governments switch attention to social welfare projects. Spain is unique in having had a PPP hospital in operation for over a decade which is funded through a capitation fee. This paper takes a critical approach to evaluate this project, with our analysis showing that the original project could never have been viable and that the renegotiation of the contract has been costly to the government. Viewing the contract through a financialised lens we can see how this contract has been used to ‘make up’ a market for the private delivery of public healthcare in Spain. We also call into question the role of the Spanish savings banks in financing this type of project, which has now been replicated with further hospitals in Spain and Portugal, as well as in developing countries such as Lesotho.  相似文献   

16.
我国地方金融管理的绩效评价与对策研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
张翼 《海南金融》2009,(11):22-25
近年来,我国地方性金融机构和地方政府的金融管理工作取得了长足进展,为支持地方经济发展做出了贡献。但是,地方金融管理也面临着政策博弈、隐性行政干预、管理效率低等一系列问题,影响了金融资源的有效配置,并造成风险隐患。本文分析了我国地方金融管理的主要特点,总结了地方政府行使金融管理职能中存在的问题和不足之处,并就如何改进地方金融管理工作,优化地区金融生态环境,防范地区金融风险等问题,提出了相应的对策建议。  相似文献   

17.
This article makes the case for a new contract between business and government that will help us address the critical challenge of our time: the globalization of commerce, and its disruptive effects on labor, local communities, and the environment. The authors begin by showing how globalization has created a new playing field for government and business in which our current governance models and a social contract that proved remarkably effective during the 20th century can no longer ensure economic stability and social progress. While the private sector has for the most part demonstrated its ability to adapt and flourish in a global economy, governments have struggled, thanks in large part to complex decision‐making processes and centralized bureaucracies that were created in response to 20th‐century realities. The result has been ever more indebted nations and governments that have been unable to maintain the core foundation and social investments on which their economic competitiveness and the social well‐being of their citizens depend. Our challenge now is to create a new social contract between business and government that is equal to the challenges of a global economy. The authors identify a number of key issues that must be addressed in creating this new framework, and explore recent and emerging business leadership initiatives that are working to address them. These range from initiatives that encourage greater self‐regulation by business of its impact on society and the environment to those that explore ways for the private sector to help governments deliver services more cost effectively. As part of the fallout from the recent financial crisis, business, broadly speaking, no longer enjoys the level of public trust it once did, which has added significantly to the challenges it now faces in taking on greater social responsibility. To direct its considerable resources to the greater public good while continuing to produce a competitive return to shareholders will require a degree of innovation and leadership that many companies will find difficult. But without this increased participation of business and its leaders, it is hard to see how we will prosper in the increasingly uncertain future we now face.  相似文献   

18.
As the socialist system in China embraces the market economy, it has created many conflicts of interests and collusion between firms and different layers of governments. The central government in China sets regulations to ensure the quality of firms listed in the capital market, while local governments engage in inter-jurisdictional competition for more capital, and their interests are aligned with listed firms through the stringent IPO quota system. This paper examines how local governments in China help listed firms in earnings management to circumvent the central government’s regulation. We find that local governments provide subsidies to help firms boost their earnings above the regulatory threshold of rights offering and delisting. Moreover, this collusion between government and listed firms in earnings management exists mainly in firms controlled by local governments.  相似文献   

19.
This paper provides a model where a large number of small jurisdictions compete for mobile firms and households by supplying local public goods and factors. Jurisdictions only have an incomplete set of tax instruments at their disposal to achieve an efficient allocation. We derive second-best behavioral rules for local governments and extend optimal taxation results to the local level. Local governments distort locational decisions of mobile firms and households by taxing them above marginal congestion costs so as to balance relative locational distortions between taxes. The analysis also reveals that there is a systematic difference between the provision of local public goods and factors. While local public goods are provided according to the Samuelson rule in most situations considered, local public factors are undersupplied relative to this rule.  相似文献   

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