并表监管与银行风险防控

除了合并会计报表,还要关注监管意义上资本充足率、大额风险暴露、内部交易、市场风险、流动性风险、声誉风险以及银行集团的并表管理能力等各类风险信息国内商业银行综合经营方兴未艾在实践中,我国目前已经涌现出多种类型的金融控股集团,主要有以下几类:     

债券投资如何影响商业银行系统性风险?--基于系统性风险分解的视角

作为我国商业银行最重要的非信贷资产业务,债券投资如何影响银行系统性风险?理论分析表明,债券投资对系统性风险的综合影响取决于其个体风险分散效应和系统关联性提升效应孰强孰弱。在此基础上,本文应用2008-2018年25家上市银行季度数据,实证检验债券投资对系统性风险的影响。结果发现,债券投资同时具有降低银行个体风险和增加银行个体与系统关联性的效果。进一步分析表明,一方面,对于规模较小的商业银行而言,债券投资的个体风险分散效应较弱、系统关联性提升效应较强;另一方面,商业银行持有较多以公允价值计量的债券时,债券投资的系统关联性提升效应较强。本文研究对于监管部门协调微观审慎和宏观审慎监管、防范债券投资业务引致系统性风险具有重要的启示意义。     

银行系统性风险的复杂性及监管启示

南2007年美国次贷危机引发的全球忡金融危机使得系统性风险的溢出效应受到普遍天注,同时也暴露了对系统性风险监管的重要性及其缺陷。本文从风险源的多样性和不确定性、多种传染渠道及其相关性、银行系统结构复杂性与演化三个方面．对银行系统性风险进行分析,以期对我国银行监管有所启示。     

宏观变化、银行结构与流动性风险——基于流动性覆盖率LCR的实证分析

流动性风险是商业银行面临的最重要、最致命、最隐蔽的风险之一。本文基于内外部因素分析框架,运用压力情景下的LCR作为风险评价指标,通过构建VAR计量模型,借助脉冲响应函数和方差分解方法,定量验证了宏观变化、结构调整对大型、中型银行流动性的冲击效应及贡献度大小。研究发现,外部宏观因素对银行流动性风险的影响增强。其中,大型银行得益于被动负债和中央银行的救助优势,对自身资产负债结构摆布及流动性风险管控能力更强;中型银行由于同业及表外业务过快扩张,流动性风险更为突出。据此,宏观层面要更加注重宏观流动性把控,强化金融监管行为的有机协调;微观上则应进一步提升银行流动性风险管理能力,加强同业、表外业务的全面流动性管理与监管。     

商业银行集团法律风险防控机制研究

本文在深入调研国际大型银行集团法律风险管理经验的基础上,归纳出中国商业银行集团面临的主要法律风险：多法域司法管辖和跨行业监管规制增加法律风险暴露的广度与深度;复杂的集团架构加大公司治理机制与股东意志传导路径的构建难度;集团风险的内部传导效应对法律风险分散管理模式提出挑战;监管改革最新导向及集团统一品牌策略使金融消费者权...     

银行表外国际融资业务快速增长带来的风险和管理思考

2010年以来，随着我国经济逐步走出金融危机的影响以及外贸形势的好转，银行表外国际融资业务增长迅猛，在给银行带来经营收入的同时，其风险也不容忽视。该文阐述了银行表外国际融资业务快速增长的成因，及其潜在的宏观与微观风险，并从加强银行内部管理和外部监管两个层面就完善表外国际融资业务的风险管理提出建议。     

银行集团风险传染防范的国际经验和启示

银行集团的优势在于可以实现规模经济并分散风险,不足则在于其内部的日常资金调度、特殊交易或产品结构安排,容易引发风险传染。全球金融危机以来,如何对银行集团加强监管,防范风险传染,成为各国金融监管部门尤为关注的问题。对于我国而言,近年来,银行业金融机构跨业投资加快,但对集团内部风险传染的管理仍比较薄弱。借鉴国际经验,完善对风险传染的并表监管,是保证我国银行集团稳健发展的必要途径。     

我国商业银行系统性风险度量及监管研究

本文用Copula函数的CoVaR方法,度量了我国14家上市银行和整个银行业间的风险溢出效应,通过比较在欧债危机发生前后各上市银行对整个银行业系统性风险的贡献度以及受整个银行业危机的影响程度,分析得出以下结论：单个银行对整个银行业系统性风险的贡献度和受整个银行业危机的影响程度取决于银行的性质、资产规模,以及经济周期等因素.基于以上结论对监管部门在宏微观审慎监管、系统性重要银行监管、逆周期管理方面提出了几点建议.     

关注商业银行的贷款集中度风险

贷款集中度风险既与单笔大额信贷暴露有关,又与商业银行各类贷款之间的相关性密切相关,对银行的信贷风险以及经济资本会产生重要的影响。深入理解贷款集中度风险、加强贷款集中度风险监管是促使商业银行贷款质量持续改进的重要措施。     

银行大额风险暴露的测度及监管框架

本文从大额风险暴露监管发展的视角对银行资产组合的风险暴露集聚进行研究,分析巴塞尔委员会的大额风险暴露新框架对中国16家上市银行监管的影响。研究发现,大额风险暴露监管包括交易对手方识别、合格资本定义和风险暴露范围三个因素。新框架是对巴塞尔协议Ⅲ在集中度风险监管方面的重要补充,中国现行的大额风险暴露监管主要针对贷款集中风险,与巴塞尔委员会的新框架尚有差距,需要进一步提高风险暴露的监管门槛与上限,提高系统重要性银行的监管敏感性,同时注重监管的适度性。     

Rollover Risk and Credit Risk

Our model shows that deterioration in debt market liquidity leads to an increase in not only the liquidity premium of corporate bonds but also credit risk. The latter effect originates from firms' debt rollover. When liquidity deterioration causes a firm to suffer losses in rolling over its maturing debt, equity holders bear the losses while maturing debt holders are paid in full. This conflict leads the firm to default at a higher fundamental threshold. Our model demonstrates an intricate interaction between the liquidity premium and default premium and highlights the role of short‐term debt in exacerbating rollover risk.     

A Value at Risk Approach to Background Risk

This paper studies the effects of an uninsurable background risk (BR) on the demand for insurance (proportional and with deductible). We study both the case of BR uncorrelated with the insurable one and the perfectly correlated one, in a Gaussian world. In order to perform our study, we exploit the new risk measure known as Value at Risk (VaR) and consider insurance contracts which are Mean-VaR efficient. We obtain results which depend on the parameters (moments) of both risks and on the magnitude of loadings charged by the insurance company, instead of depending on the risk attitudes of the insured, such as risk aversion and prudence.We demonstrate that, if loadings are not too high, the demand for insurance increases with positively correlated BR; it decreases with BR negatively correlated if the latter is less risky than the insurable one (in this case it can even go to zero, if loadings are too high); it goes to zero with BR which is negatively correlated and more risky than the insurable one.     

Redenomination Risk

Euro redenomination risk is the risk that a euro asset is redenominated into a devalued legacy currency. We propose a time‐varying, country‐specific intra‐euro area redenomination risk measure, defined as the quanto credit default swaps (CDS) of a member country relative to the quanto CDS of a benchmark member country. Focusing on Italy, Spain, and France and using Germany as benchmark, we show that the redenomination risk shocks significantly affect sovereign yield spreads, with Italy and Spain being most adversely affected. Finally, foreign redenomination risk shocks spill over and above local redenomination risk shocks, suggesting that this risk is systemic.     

Risk models-at-risk

The experience from the global financial crisis has raised serious concerns about the accuracy of standard risk measures as tools for the quantification of extreme downward risks. A key reason for this is that risk measures are subject to a model risk due, e.g. to specification and estimation uncertainty. While regulators have proposed that financial institutions assess the model risk, there is no accepted approach for computing such a risk. We propose a remedy for this by a general framework for the computation of risk measures robust to model risk by empirically adjusting the imperfect risk forecasts by outcomes from backtesting frameworks, considering the desirable quality of VaR models such as the frequency, independence and magnitude of violations. We also provide a fair comparison between the main risk models using the same metric that corresponds to model risk required corrections.     

会计核算风险的风险矩阵计量分析及其运用

风险计量是开展风险监督管理的基础,是确认风险状态的重要依据,其准确性直接影响风险监督管理的水平.本文结合人民银行事后监督工作实际,在分析监督检查中积累的会计核算差错数据基础上,构建核算风险矩阵,对风险影响等级、风险发生概率进行综合评估,并利用风险等级量化和Borda序值方法给出风险排序、对风险点进行计量得出风险值,从而为人民银行加强风险监督工作提供依据.     

风险映射与商业银行操作风险控制

风险映射与操作风险的识别 操作风险的识别过程实际上就是对金融机构业务活动的各个阶段进行风险映射(risk mapping),从而识别操作过程中的关键风险因素.风险映射作为操作风险管理的基础,它与市场风险和信用风险不同,它无法针对具体的产品.     

内部控制、风险控制与风险管理——基于组织目标的概念解说与思想演进

COSO报告(2004)认为内部控制是风险管理的组成部分。但是,内部控制与风险管理在功能和内涵上究竟是什么关系,这方面的研究并不充分。本文从组织目标出发,对内部控制、风险控制以及风险管理三者之间的关系进行了基本的概念解说,并从历史变迁的角度,研究了内部控制、风险控制和风险管理三者的思想内涵及其演进过程。     

Currency Risk and Country Risk in International Banking

This paper focuses on the conditions under which banks are subject to currency and country risks on their dollar-denominated loans to foreign firms and governments. We conclude that currency risk is a function of the rates of domestic and foreign inflation, deviations from purchasing power parity, and the effect of these deviations on the firm's and the nation's dollar-equivalent cash flows. Country risk is largely determined by the variability of the nation's terms of trade and the government's willingness to allow the national economy to adjust rapidly to changing economic fortunes.     

证券公司风险来源与业务风险点

十多年来,随着我国证券市场的发展,我国的证券公司也得到了迅速地发展,但由于受到各方面的影响和制约,证券公司在经营和管理上难免存在一些问题,这些问题决定了现阶段我国证券公司的审计属于一项高风险的审计.