量子遗传算法及其改进与应用

文章在介绍基本量子遗传算法(QGA)的原理、方法和基本流程的基础上,主要归纳总结了最近几年QGA的改进,包括理论基础的编码扩展、算子的创新和量子门旋转角度、复杂高维函数优化、混合算法等,以及新的应用研究成果,以及在不同领域的一些应用,进而提出了QGA未来的发展方向。     

货币当局和财政当局的斗鸡博弈:谁将控制中央银行的钱袋?

<正>一、引言斗鸡博弈在经济学和政治学中应用广泛。这种博弈的名称来自一个经典的充满男人气的对峙,在这种情形中,两个疯狂的对峙者在同一路线上朝对方开着车:其中一个人必须转向,否则两个人都可能会死于撞车,但是如果一个人转向,而另一个人没有,那么转向的人将被称为"胆小鬼"。托马斯·萨金特曾经运用斗鸡博弈来分析独立的货币当局与财政当局之间潜在冲突。在这一冲突中,货币当局不仅追求价格稳定,还考虑金融稳定;财政当局虽然重视价格和金融     

浅谈量子密码技术在网络安全中的应用

社会信息化的程度越高，信息安全便越重要。常规的密码系统为了保证信息安全，都依赖密钥，但密钥在传输过程中如果被截取，将会导致整个加密系统崩溃。而量子密码技术则能彻底解决密钥传输安全问题。本文重点分析了量子密码技术的原理，并对量子密码技术的研究与应用现状作了简要介绍。     

我国个人征信体系建设对策研究——基于博弈理论的思考

借鉴经济学博弈理论,引入经典博弈模型,论证了市场经济条件下征信体系建设的必然性和重要性.通过与美国、英国和日本征信体系的对比,发现我国个人征信体系建设中存在法制不健全、征信数据来源面窄等若干问题.为完善我国个人征信体系建设,应加强信用文化建设,强化法律法规建设,加大宣传力度,拓宽征信内容,扩大信用报告应用范围,加强商业银行诫信建设.     

基金市场监管问题的进化博弈分析

本文通过对基金市场中基金管理者和市场监管者的行为分析,引入有限理性博弈概念,建立了一个基金市场监管问题的动态博弈模型,并应用进化博弈方法在模型求解和参数分析的基础上提出了相关政策建议.     

全流通过程中股票市场格局的变化趋势

从一个经典的动态不完全信息信号博弈模型的视角分析当前中国股票市场解禁的非流通股股东与现存普通流通股东的博弈行为,结果表明:当前针对大小非减持的信息披露机制有其积极意义;同时我国股票市场会发生一些重大变化.特别是价值发现功能和经济睛雨表的功能将逐步增强.     

大盘底部形态的玻尔理论分析

提出股票市场具有量子特征的观点,从量子角度思考并解释股票市场底部形态特征     

中国创业板市场的博弈论研究

创业板是一个门槛低、风险大、监管严格的股票市场,也是一个孵化科技型、成长型企业的摇篮。本文应用博弈理论、模型,分别从投资者的角度、投资者和企业的角度来分析创业板市场的博弈,研究结论表明:仅从投资者着眼的博弈是一个负和博弈;将企业加入到博弈中后,创业板市场是正和博弈市场,然后深入分析了博弈的支付矩阵,最后对证监会提出了两个建议,以使投资者和企业的利益最大化。     

传奇投资家吉姆·罗杰斯

吉姆·罗杰斯（Jim Rogers）是国际著名的投资家和金融学教授。在给大家一个态度谦和的微笑的时候，很难想象他名字背后一连串的传奇曾就读于耶鲁大学和牛津大学，与金融大鳄索罗斯创立的令人闻之色变的量子基金，离开量子基金后到哥伦比亚大学商学院讲学，     

投资大师索罗斯的人生轨迹（上）

量子基金是全球著名的大规模对冲基金,是美国金融家索罗斯旗下经营的五个对冲基金之一。量子基金是高风险基金,主要借款在世界范围内投资于股票、债券、外汇和商品。量子基金没有在美国证券交易委员会登记注册,而是在库拉索离岸注册。它主要采取私募方式筹集资金。索罗斯为之取名“量子”,是源于索罗斯所赞赏的德国物理学家、     

Global catastrophic risk and security implications of quantum computers

With advancements in quantum computing happening almost weekly it is time to examine the effects this new technology will have on society and current computational systems. Specifically, cryptographic systems need to be carefully analyzed since the introduction of quantum computational resources would render discrete logarithm and factoring based cryptographic systems like those based on Rivest, Shamir, Adleman (RSA) and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) algorithms woefully obsolete. These algorithms are widely used in the form of digital certificates, message encryption, and even physical authentication devices like Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) badges. With this technology compromised by quantum computing, governments and other organizations would be able to eavesdrop on private citizens with relative ease. This has the potential to cause a slew of rights violations and atrocities leading to catastrophe. With compromised digital certificates 3rd parties could masquerade as trusted organizations. This would call many types of digital transactions like into question, including those related to stock exchanges, personal banking, and software verification. By eroding this previously solid foundation of trust global scale economic catastrophes are not out of the question. This paper introduces quantum computing to the study of catastrophic threats since the use of quantum technology while existing vulnerable encryption schemes are still in place raises severe safety issues. These issues are addressed here along with a proposed two-fold solution involving the development and maturation of post-quantum cryptographic algorithms coupled with government and international regulation. This regulation would promote the containment and responsible use of quantum computers in order to help alleviate some of the security issues posed by outdated cryptographic systems in a post-quantum environment.     

Solving Singular Control from Optimal Switching

This report summarizes some of our recent work (Guo and Tomecek, SIAM J Control Optim 47(1):421–443, 2008; A class of singular control problems and smooth fit principle, 2008) on a new theoretical connection between singular control of finite variation and optimal switching problems. This correspondence not only provides a novel method for analyzing multi-dimensional singular control problems, but also builds links among singular controls, Dynkin games, and sequential optimal stopping problems.     

Implementing budgetary control in the performing arts: games in the organizational theatre

When administrators or political bodies try to enforce implementation of new management control systems on organizations, various forms of conflicts and games may be observed in the implementation process. Different rationalities are brought face-to-face in the discourse on implementation, and the process will be influenced by some form of political behaviour. A political perspective will call attention to such issues as the players, power and games. By adopting the concept of budget games in an analysis of the actions related to the implementation process we try to show how we can gain a better understanding of the behaviour exhibited by the various groups involved and of the outcome of the process. Observations from a case study of the Royal Danish Theatre show how different budget games emerge in a process in which the Theatre, the Danish Treasury Department, and various actors inside and outside the theatre have been engaged over a period of 15 years, in an attempt to implement a new management control system at the theatre. The management control system being implemented is a combination of a new accounting system and a new planning and budget system. First, we will discuss the strengths of the concept of budget games and the possibilities that it offers for a better understanding of organizational actions related to the implementation of budgeting systems. In addition, we will look at reforms in the public sector with a special view to the role of budgetary control systems. A framework for using budget games as an analytical tool in understanding implementation processes is developed and applied to the case. The analysis shows how various budget games emerge in the organizational field. The budget games start when an individual or a group wants to address an issue and encounters opponents. The analysis also demonstrates how one budget game may create a counter-game. Finally, the findings and their implications are discussed. The analysis demonstrates the usefulness of the budget game perspective in understanding the implementation of accounting systems and the behaviour of the various groups involved or af fected by the system.     

The London Whale Scandal under new Scrutiny: A Critical Appraisal of the Concept of Retro-causality

This paper aims to extend the purview of the retro-causality concept, by exploring a complex and under-researched financial accounting scandal, namely the London Whale, a group of traders that operated on account of the London subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase & Co in 2012. We specify the conceptual articulation underlying the discourse on the scandal, between the intentions, the actions and the temporality in which the events have taken place. We then elaborate upon philosophers Elizabeth Anscombe and Donald Davidson. We show the limitations of rationalization as a causal deterministic explanation of actions in light of a methodical review of the JPMorgan Chase Task Force Report in 2013. We put forward the idea that the scandal features flows of awareness, reminiscent of Bergson's duration. The articulation between intentions, actions and causes is performed, by mobilizing quantum macroeconomic theory developed by the economist Bernard Schmitt. We show the relevance of retro-causality for central debates in contemporary accounting (e.g. fair value accounting and the efficient market hypothesis). Our empirical study abundantly draws on Ludwig Wittgenstein's language games, and retro-causality insights borrowed from quantum physics. Our results confirm our theoretical intuitions: there is a common thread and guiding reflection throughout the accounting scandal, namely the idea that the future might influence the past, under certain assumptions. Finally, some groundbreaking consequences are derived for the accounting profession regarding the global crisis in 2008.     

From certainty to uncertainty: Thought, theory and action in a postmodern world

The progress of human thought in recent centuries has brought not only new knowledge but also new (and sometimes disturbing) questions that tug at the foundations of knowledge itself. The opening years of the twentieth century were marked by optimistic expectations of ever-increasing certainty and scientific and technological progress. Yet the century turned out to be an age of growing cracks in the facade of classical certainty, as relativity, quantum physics and chaos theory each deepened our understanding of the universe yet raised fundamental challenges to ideas about knowledge. Today, although reductionist and mechanistic ways of thinking still prevail in much contemporary thinking about economics, global security and environmental problems, we can nevertheless contemplate an “end of objectivity” in which we realize that we do not stand outside of the systems we study.     

PERFORMANCE AUDITING AND THE NARRATING OF A NEW AUDITEE IDENTITY

This paper analyzes how performance auditing affects the auditee in different and sometimes unexpected ways. On the basis of a detailed case study of the Danish Ministry of Transport's encounter with performance auditing we argue that performance audit is a practice that generates multiple effects and that some of these effects can be characterized as a reconfiguration of the organizational identity of the auditee. In this process, accountabilities are reformulated and reallocated which sometimes lead to ‘blame games’ and strong feelings of discomfort. We draw on actor‐network theory and a narrative approach to study how performance audit reports produce narratives that picture new possible identities that the auditee in question must take into consideration. We argue that auditee identities are partly shaped by relations to ‘significant others’, such as the National Audit Office, the politicians and the press who all give accounts of who the Ministry is and ought to be. Furthermore, we argue that accounting and management information systems are enrolled as important ‘nonhuman’ actors that enable the suggested identity positions.     

Hardening soft accounting information: Games for planning organizational change

This study provides theory and field evidence on the social process of hardening soft accounting information to make it persuasive for planning organizational change. Accounting information intended to support organizational change is often soft, that is, there is lack of interpersonal agreement about its quality. For example, employees can lack agreement about the quality of accounting information (e.g., activity-based costing) because the information is constructed from subjective information obtained from interviews and surveys. This information can contain unintentional errors as well as intentional distortions that are intended to avoid revealing embarrassing inefficiencies and/or to resist painful organizational change. We use concepts from applied game theory and social psychology to identify from the accounting literature four multi-person games that may be played to harden soft accounting information. These hardening games are characterized in terms of payoffs, players, the comparability of soft accounting information, and the rules of the games that are expected to emerge. We interpret the field evidence as indicating that the hardening games that emerge depend on who the players are and the comparability of their soft accounting information. In addition, we provide evidence on how the rules of the games that harden the information emerge from the players’ social interactions. Finally, we provide evidence on how an organization learns by trial-and-error how to harden soft accounting information by changing the players and the comparability of the soft accounting information.     

Quantum information and accounting information: Exploring conceptual applications of topology

Our previous attempt resulted in a paper by the same five authors, “Quantum information and accounting information: their salient features and conceptual applications,” published in the July–August 2006 issue of the Journal of Accounting and Public Policy. We now extend the previous paper to examine topological quantum computation, a remarkably innovative approach to decoherence and imprecise quantum computation. In this approach, exotic topological states are created for a natural medium to store and manipulate quantum information globally throughout the entire system. The process is intrinsically protected against imprecision and decoherence. We also explore conceptual, if not technical, applications of topological quantum computation to accounting. This is done by introducing topology’s inherent emphasis of qualitative characteristics to traditional accounting which has been dominated by quantitative characteristics. Here, financial statements’ monetary amounts may be contrasted to internal controls’ error frequencies. Part I of the paper deals with applications of topology to quantum information, after a brief introduction to basic tools. In particular the use of Fibonacci anyon and its powerful results are explained. Part II deals with applications of topology to accounting information. Part III deals with applications of topology to other potential fields.