公司法人财产权的理论探析

法人财产权是现代社会市场经济条件下法人制度一项极为重要的内容。公司法人财产权的取得虽与发起人或股东以其财产向公司投资的处分有关,但公司法人财产权的取得主要还是依据公司法律的相关规定取得的,并不是发起人或股东向公司转让财产权的结果。公司法明确规定了公司是企业法人,有独立的法人财产,享有法人财产权,公司法人财产权的最初形成有赖于发起人向公司出资的财产权。     

浅谈上市公司的法人结构治理

近两年来,无论是深化国企改革,还是规范和发展证券市场,都受到公司法人治理结构不健全、不完善带来的诸多弊端的困扰。因此,规范上市公司法人治理结构显得十分紧迫,也越来越受到社会各界,包括政府、投资者、监管者和企业经营管理者的重视。本文试分析我国上市公司法人治理结构的问题,以探讨完善法人治理结构的对策。一、我国上市公司法人治理结构存在的问题公司法人治理结构的理想模式是:①股东会代表企业所有者对企业拥有最终控制权。②董事会要维护出资人权益,对股东     

浅议公司法人人格否认制度

我国2005年《公司法》确立了公司法人人格否认制度,但是真正法律意义上的法人人格否认制度在我国司法实践活动还尚不成熟。本文从公司法人人格否认制度在我国的适用条件和现状入手,旨在探讨我国公司法人人格否认制度立法上的完善。     

关注企业清算、注销过程中的涉税事项

企业通过合并、分立方式成立新的法人;企业因经营管理不善,宣告破产;企业因吊销营业执照或经营期满企业不再继续经营,按照《公司法》、《企业破产法》,《税收征管法》等相关的法律、法规的规定,企业在办理法人营业执照注销前,应办理税务清算,注销《税务登记证》。实务操作过程中,各地主管税务机关根据国家税务总     

通过债转股完善企业的法人治理结构

公司法人治理结构已成为当今国内外经济学家个企业界关注的重点。我国《上市公司的法人治理结构意见》征求意见稿已经下发，但对非上市公司的公司法人治理结构问题还缺乏明确的制定规定。债转股企业大多是国有骨干企业，完善债转股企业的法人治理结构对于当前乃至今后都具有深远的经济和战略意义。     

浅谈法人企业在注销过程中常见的三个税务问题

随着我国社会主义市场经济的不断发展,法人企业注销也日趋频繁.     

公司法人人格否认制度适用期间企业所得税征收的相关问题探析北大核心CSSCI

公司法人人格否认制度适用期间,所涉公司的民事主体地位与税法地位将经历由法人到非法人经济组织、再恢复到法人的动态变化阶段。根据民事主体地位与税法地位相对应的一般准则,所涉公司的税法地位也会由法人降格为非法人经济组织。因此,税务机关针对所涉公司征收的企业所得税也会因其税法地位的变化而发生改变。基于此,本文阐释了公司法人人格否认制度适用期间,税法地位变化引发的企业所得税征收的相关问题,并指出税务机关应严格根据司法机关判决书的签署日期及司法机关在所涉公司人格恢复公告中的具体日期来确定该公司法人资格被否定的实际时间区间。     

引入公司法人人格否认制度与金融债权的保护

为防止股东滥用公司法人人格以损害公司和债权人利益,各国纷纷引入公司法人人格否认法理,对公司人格独立制度和股东有限责任制度加以修正和补充,对公司的独立人格不予以考虑,直接追究股东的个人责任,以平衡公司与股东的权利和股东与债权人的风险,这便是公司法人人格否认理论。作者认为,我国引入法人人格否认制度有利于金融债权的保护,必须从立法和司法实践两方面尝试和完善法人人格否认制度,从而抑制社会信用缺失现象进一步蔓延。     

浅析高校资产经营公司法人治理结构的完善

目前高校资产经营公司都表现出较好的发展态势,但是资产经营公司法人治理结构还存在明显不足。其原因在于作为法人一人有限公司本身存在的缺陷和该类公司自身存在的缺陷,这些缺陷对高校资产经营公司的今后发展极为不利。本文主要针对目前高校资产经营公司法人治理结构存在的问题进行分析,提出不断完善高校法人治理结构的对策建议。     

通过债转股完善企业的法人治理结构

公司法人治理结构已成为当今国内外经济学家及企业界关注的重点.我国<上市公司的法人治理结构意见>征求意见稿已经下发,但对非上市公司的公司法人治理结构问题还缺乏明确的制度规定.债转股企业大多是国有骨干企业,完善债转股企业的法人治理结构对于当前乃至今后都具有深远的经济和战略意义.     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.     

浅议金融机构的举证责任

金融纠纷案件是当事人以存单或进账单、对账单、存款合同、保险单、票据、证券等凭证为主要证据向人民法院提出诉讼的案件,对于不同种类金融纠纷的当事人的举证责任,我国现行的金融法律、法规及司法解释有不同的规定。由于金融机构的特殊法律地位,发生金融纠纷时存在有关当事人将最后偿付风险转移给金融机构承担的主观故意,在客观上会使金融机构难以提供相应的证据来对抗不法债权人的诉讼请求,而导致金融机构败诉。为此,对金融诉讼案件中金融机构的举证责任加以研究具有重要的实践意义。     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.