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1.
从CFC立法看国内反避税法与税收协定的相容性问题   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
我国统一的企业所得税法有必要、也极有可能列入CFC、资本弱化、一般反避税条款等反避税规则,但国内反避税规则与我国缔结的税收协定之间是否相互兼容这一点则被忽视了。由于反避税规则的一些规定与税收协定存在冲突,根据协定的优先性,国内反避税法很可能被税收协定排除适用。OECD范本注释2003年修订时在反避税法与税收协定关系上采取了新立场,认为反避税是税收协定的宗旨之一,协定本身具有反避税的功能,因此,国内反避税法与税收协定不存在冲突,税收协定不排除国内反避税法的适用。  相似文献   

2.
德国,英国和加拿大等采取二元论的国家一般认为税收协定的效力位阶与国内税法相同,因此一般允许国内税法推翻税收协定。法国,日本,西班牙和荷兰等采取一元论的国家一般认为税收协定优先于国内税法适用,国内立法不应当凌驾于税收协定之上,因此一般反对国内税法推翻税收协定。折衷理论认为,与其完全禁止推翻税收协定,不如有限度地允许并加强对其的规制。随着税基侵蚀与利润转移问题的加剧,我国在处理税收协定与国内税法的关系时应采取辩证和务实的态度,完善国内税法和税收协定中的反避税规则,同时也要加强对协定伙伴国滥用推翻税收协定的应对。  相似文献   

3.
长期以来,双边税收协定与CFC税制关系问题存在争议。一般认为,受控外国公司税制作为一种重要的反避税措施,它与双边税收协定是兼容的。但是,从一些欧盟国家的实践来看,观点并非一致。由于《中华人民共和国企业所得税法》中规定了该项税制,因此,解决两者的兼容性也是将要面临的问题。在我国《宪法》没有对条约在国内法中地位进行规定之前,《中华人民共和国企业所得税法》第58条应予以完善。  相似文献   

4.
自BEPS行动计划实施以来,国际税收情报交换进入全新发展阶段,成为打击跨境避税和偷逃税的重要工具。全球100多个国家(地区)之间形成了大规模信息交换关系,为开展国际反避税共同行动提供了有益支持。但是,鉴于税收情报交换自身的局限性以及实践中的各类偏误,国际税收情报交换存在的多种现实问题仍有待进一步解决。在参与国际税收情报交换的过程中,我国既迎来国际反避税治理机遇,也面临税收情报交换合作的现实挑战。基于此,本文从构建境内外一体化税收情报分析体系、综合协调税收情报交换与其他国际反避税措施、共建“一带一路”税收情报交换反避税合作三个方面,为我国加强国际税收情报交换反避税治理提出建议。  相似文献   

5.
资本弱化制度是提高税收确定性、防范税基侵蚀和利润转移的重要手段。俄罗斯资本弱化制度立法层级和关联债资比例门槛较高,调整方法科学合理,并在典型案例的判定中不断更新完善,对资本市场的健康发展起到了积极作用。立足我国资本弱化征管实践中存在的问题,借鉴俄罗斯关于资本弱化征管的经验,我国应从厘清法律与税收规范性文件关系、修订调整方法、提高关联债资比例门槛、协调资本弱化制度与税收协定和其他反避税法规关系等方面入手,进一步完善资本弱化制度。  相似文献   

6.
国际避税地的存在恶化了高税国的财政状况,削弱了其提供公共产品的能力,而且为洗钱等犯罪活动提供了便利。目前,越来越多的国家加入反避税地的斗争中,高税国从国内立法、双边税收协定、多边合作等方面开展反避税地行动。国际反避税斗争进入一个新的阶段。面临国际社会的巨大压力,瑞士等老牌避税地在今年纷纷表达了与国际社会进行合作的意愿。这意味着,国际避税地将不再是安全的税收庇护所。  相似文献   

7.
2008年OECD税收协定范本新规解析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
作为国际税收规则的重要组成部分,OECD税收协定范本的修订反映了国际税收的最新变化和发展趋势。本文立足2008年OECD税收协定范本的最新变动,对国际税收领域中的几大热点问题进行深入剖析,并对我国谈签税收协定的立场选择与利益权衡进行了探讨。  相似文献   

8.
国际反避税立法发展与困境的思考   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
随着国际避税现象的日益严重,各国政府认识到单纯依靠各国单方面的国内法措施,难以应对越来越复杂和精巧的各种国际避税安排。在现行国际税收规则难以被根本改变的情况下,只有加强国际合作,才能有效管制国际避税行为。各国在采取双边或多边合作,通过签订有关条约和协定进行反避税的过程中,既面临着困境,同时也为国际反避税立法及其未来发展提供了契机。  相似文献   

9.
世界贸易组织(WTO),是处理国与国多边贸易规则的国际组织。世界贸易组织协定,也即WTO协定,是世界贸易组织就多边贸易向成员方提供的法律框架和法律手段。它具体是指1994年《关于建立世界贸易组织的协定》及其4个附件。附件包括若干“多边贸易总协定”以及“接受才能生效的复边贸易协定”。税收协定,即《关于对所得(和财产)避免双重征税(和防止偷漏税)协定》,它通过协调缔约国双方的税收管辖权,避免和消除所得税方面的重要征税问题。目前我们已同66个国家正式签订了避免双重征税协定,其中58个协定已正式生效执行。  相似文献   

10.
陈延忠 《涉外税务》2007,227(5):61-65
包括我国在内的许多国家都承认税收协定具有优先适用的地位。但是对税收协定的优先性,一些人可能存在一种误解,认为税收协定的优先性是指它绝对排除了与之冲突的国内税法的规定。实际上,税收协定遵循的是消极作用原则,这一原则是由税收协定的宗旨——消除国际双重征税所决定的,也是得到各国普遍承认的。消极作用原则的含义包括:税收协定对缔约国的课税权起到限制作用;税收协定不能为缔约国创设或扩大征税权,不能加重纳税人的负担。根据消极作用原则,我国税务机关和法院在适用税收协定时,应注意税收协定的适用顺序。  相似文献   

11.
邵朱励 《涉外税务》2007,227(5):57-61
《中华人民共和国外商投资企业和外国企业所得税法》和《中华人民共和国税收征收管理法》规定,在国内税法与税收协定发生冲突的情况下,优先适用税收协定。①但是这一规定过于绝对化,在大多数情况下,我们应该善意履行国际义务,遵守税收协定的规定,但是,如果国内税法的规定能够维护本国税收利益,打击国际逃避税,或者国内税法给跨国纳税人带来的利益优于税收协定给跨国纳税人带来的利益,则国内税法可以优先于税收协定适用。  相似文献   

12.
Many multinationals divert Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) through conduit countries that have a favorable tax treaty network, to avoid host country withholding taxes. This is referred to as tax treaty shopping. The Netherlands is the world’s largest conduit country; in 2009, multinationals held approximately €1,600 billion of FDI via the Netherlands. This paper uses microdata from Dutch Special Purpose Entities to analyze geographical patterns and structural determinants of FDI diversion. Regression analysis confirms that tax treaties are a key determinant of FDI routed through the Netherlands. The effect of tax treaties on FDI diversion partly arises from the reduction of dividend withholding tax rates, which provides strong evidence for tax treaty shopping.  相似文献   

13.
Tax Treaties and Foreign Direct Investment: Potential versus Performance   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
Bilateral tax treaties are an important method of international tax cooperation. I survey the existing literature on these agreements, highlighting the differences between the standard view that treaties increase foreign direct investment and the empirical evidence that finds little support for this. I also discuss the key differences in treaty formation between developed countries relative to that between developed and developing nations.  相似文献   

14.
Exchange-of-Information Clauses in International Tax Treaties   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
This paper examines bilateral double taxation treaties, with an emphasis on information exchange among tax authorities. A major objective is to understand which countries are more likely to sign a tax-relief treaty and when information-exchange clauses will be added to a treaty. A simple model with two asymmetric countries and repeated interactions among governments is used. The paper shows that no information exchange clause may be added to a tax treaty when there is a reciprocity requirement, when there is a high cost of negotiation, when there is a cost of providing information, or with one-way capital flows. It is also shown that an information clause increases the gains from a tax relief treaty, but may make it less sustainable.  相似文献   

15.
This paper derives the implications for compliance and fiscal revenues of a tax base that is the product of several factors. For instance, in the case of import tariffs, the tax base is the product of quantity and unit value, both reported to, and during an audit assessed by, the custom authority. Import tariffs are particularly interesting as custom receipts represent an important share of government revenues in many developing countries and there has recently been a surge in empirical studies showing how evasion in this field is a pervasive phenomenon. I show that, with a multiplicative tax base, when the fiscal authority has an imperfect detection technology a greater declaration in one dimension actually increases the fine when evasion in the other dimension is detected. Therefore, there is an additional incentive for the taxpayer to underdeclare and a multiplicative tax base is subject to more evasion, compared to a tax base that can be assessed directly. As a result, fiscal revenues decrease with the dimensionality of the tax base. Also, voluntary compliance and fiscal revenues may be higher when the importer is required to declare only the total value of imports instead of quantity and unit value separately. This paper provides an argument in favour of uniform or specific tariffs and a reason for why a flat tax may improve compliance.  相似文献   

16.
The ability and inclination of specific social groups to evade tax vary widely, and this leads to considerable variation in the actual tax burden on individuals with similar levels of income. Thus, ignoring tax evasion can be seriously misleading in terms of the distributive and fiscal effects of the tax system. This paper estimates the distributional implications of income tax evasion in Hungary, based on a random sample of the administrative tax records of nearly 230,000 individuals. Gross incomes declared in the administrative tax returns are compared with incomes stated in a nationally representative household budget survey. Our estimates show that the average rate of underreporting is 9–13 per cent, though this conceals a big difference between the self‐employed (who hide the greater part of their income) and employees. The estimates are likely to be lower bounds. These rates are used in a tax– benefit microsimulation model to calculate the fiscal and distributional implications of under‐reporting. Tax evasion reduces households' personal income tax payments by about 16–20 per cent. While the poverty rate increases only slightly, income inequality rises significantly, suggesting that high‐income households tend to evade tax proportionately more. Finally, we find that tax evasion largely reduces the progressivity of the tax system.  相似文献   

17.
税收协定执行中存在的问题与对策   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
孙隆英 《涉外税务》2007,224(2):64-67
税收协定工作执行的好坏直接影响税收优惠政策及避免双重征税的落实,同时,对维护国家税收权益、防止国家税款的流失起着重要的作用。在税收协定的执行过程中,由于相关规定过于原则,导致实际操作中难以把握,特别是常设机构的判定以及与常设机构有关的营业利润的确定则是执行的难点,必须从法律政策和管理制度两个层面加以完善。  相似文献   

18.
Tax evasion is a widespread phenomenon and encouraging tax compliance is an important and debated policy issue. Many studies have shown that tax cheating has to be attributed to a considerable extent to the tax morale of taxpayers. The aim of the present paper is to shed light on the relationship between the taxpayer and the public sector; specifically, we investigate whether public spending inefficiency shapes individual tax morale. Combining data from Italian municipalities’ balance sheets with individual data from a properly designed survey on tax morale, we find that the attitude towards paying taxes is better when resources are spent more efficiently. This evidence seems not to be driven by some confounding factor at the municipality level or by spatial sorting of citizens and proves robust to accounting for alternative measures of both inefficiency and tax morale. We also find that the negative effect of inefficiency is larger if the level of public spending is lower and/or the degree of fiscal autonomy is higher.  相似文献   

19.

Out of all double tax treaties (DTTs) in force in 2012, around 41% are symmetric (single-rated) and 59% are asymmetric (multi-rated), i.e., they prescribe different dividend withholding tax rates depending on the foreign investor’s ownership fraction. The paper investigates the reasons for this phenomenon, namely why some countries in their DTTs prefer homogenous withholding tax rates over separate rates for participation and portfolio dividends. In a theoretical model, I demonstrate why home countries may have an interest in a high withholding tax rate in the host country, even though they do not receive the revenue from this tax. Further, I find confirming evidence that a reason for having multi-rated withholding taxes on dividends is an existing spatial dependence on the rates of the countries’ peers that may be a driving factor for setting multi-rated taxes. Finally, I confirm that the spread itself (i.e., the difference between the portfolio and participation dividends negotiated in the tax treaty) is also affected by the peer countries.

  相似文献   

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