我国财政赤字与经常项目动态关系的实证分析

本文采用Granger因果检验和脉冲反应函数计量技术,对我国财政赤字与经常项目之间的动态关系进行实证检验,结果表明,存在从财政赤字到经常项目的Granger单向因果关系,财政赤字的增加长期内会改善经常项目收支状况.进一步分析表明,财政赤字与经常项目顺差并存是我国改革开放以来特殊政策环境下形成的,并且随着我国宏观调控逐步由扩张性的积极财政政策转向中性财政政策,政府应密切关注财政政策的变化对经常项目的影响.     

我国财政政策变迁的路径依赖及其原因阐释

财政政策作为一种政府主导的制度安排,其变迁的方向不是随机的,而是存在着路径依赖。20世纪90年代以来,我国的财政政策变迁虽说是基于经济发展周期和宏观调控目标所作的阶段性调整,但在一定程度上具有强调收入功能、对宏观经济波动适度调节、依赖国债和财政赤字的路径依赖特征。分析表明,我国财政政策变迁形成路径依赖的原因在于政府对财政目标的偏好与财政压力的叠加影响、政府主导的财政政策博弈均衡和较高的政策变迁成本的影响。     

What Is the Importance of Monetary and Fiscal Shocks in Explaining U.S. Macroeconomic Fluctuations?

This paper analyzes the importance of monetary and fiscal policy shocks in explaining U.S. macroeconomic fluctuations, and establishes new stylized facts. The novelty of our empirical analysis is that we jointly consider both monetary and fiscal policy, whereas the existing literature only focuses on either one or the other. Our main findings are twofold: fiscal shocks are relatively more important in explaining medium cycle fluctuations whereas monetary policy shocks are relatively more important in explaining business cycle fluctuations, and failing to recognize that both monetary and fiscal policy simultaneously affect macroeconomic variables might incorrectly attribute the fluctuations to the wrong source.     

Macroeconomic Stability in Developing Countries: How Much Is Enough?

Over the 1990s macroeconomic policies improved in most developingcountries, but the growth dividend from this improvement fellshort of expectations, and a policy agenda focused on stabilityturned out to be associated with a multiplicity of financialcrises. This article examines the contents and implementationof the macroeconomic reform agenda of the 1990s. It reviewsthe progress achieved through fiscal, monetary, and exchangerate policies across the developing world and the effectivenessof the changing policy framework in promoting stability andgrowth. The main lesson is that more often than not slow growthand frequent crises resulted from shortcomings in the reformagenda of the 1990s. These concern limitations in the depthand scope of the reform agenda, its lack of attention to macroeconomicvulnerabilities, and its inadequate attention to complementaryreforms outside the macroeconomic sphere.      

中国宏观调控工具的选择及效应研究

基于中国的宏观调控政策事实,本文在Gali（1992）基础上构建了包含数量型货币 政策、价格型货币政策和财政政策的SVAR模型,并运用1995年-2017年的宏观数据进行了实证 检验。SVAR模型的实证显示,数量型货币政策对产出和通胀均有正向效应,价格型货币政策 对当前宏观经济增长作用有限,扩张性财政政策对产出和通胀均有快速显著的正向刺激作用。     

中国财政政策宏观经济效应的实证检验:1978-2004

本文从财政政策是否有效、财政政策是否存在时滞、财政政策的挤出效应如何等三个层面，基于VAR模型的Granger因果关系检验方法，分析了我国财政政策相关变量之间的关系。实证结果显示，财政政策各层变量之间存在层层推进的因果关系，怛部分变量的关联与理论的吻合性较差。总体来看，中国的财政政策从其宏观效应来分析是有救的，但存在挤出效应，而且时滞较为明显。     

试论会计集中核算制度

我国目前财政体制改革主要集中于支出管理的改革，各地都大胆创新采用各种具体改革方式，会计集中核算制度正是在配合支出管理改革和加强财政监督的过程中地方采用的一种创新模式。本将具体探讨制度的优势与存在的问题，并提出一些具体建议。     

Fiscal and monetary policies and the cost of sudden stops

This article investigates the effects of monetary and fiscal policies on output growth during sudden-stop balance of payments crisis in emerging markets and developing countries. Sudden stops in capital flows, and subsequent deep recessions, are a frequent occurrence in these countries but there is no professional consensus, and little systematic empirical evidence, shedding light on the macroeconomic policy mix most likely to limit output losses during these episodes. To address this issue, we investigate 83 sudden-stop crisis in 66 countries using a baseline empirical model to control for the various determinants of output losses during sudden stops. We measure the marginal effects of policy on output losses, and find strong evidence that monetary tightening (rise in the discount rate or unsterilized rise in international reserves) and discretionary fiscal contraction are significantly correlated with larger output losses following a sudden stop. Fiscal expansion is associated with smaller output losses following a sudden stop, but monetary expansion has no discernable effect. The macroeconomic policy mix associated with the least output loss during a sudden-stop financial crisis is a discretionary fiscal expansion combined with a neutral monetary policy.     

Stress testing the EU fiscal framework

This study evaluates the efficiency of the cyclically-adjusted budget balance (CABB) as the central gauge in the reinforced European fiscal framework for evaluating fiscal discipline. We do this by means of a simulation experiment. We use an estimated DSGE model to simulate all the macroeconomic data needed to assess the CABB according to the official EC methodology. Additionally, the model contains an expenditure fiscal rule that accounts for non-automatic variation in the budget, which allows us to observe the true discretionary measures of fiscal policy. Our results indicate that the EC methodology frequently fails to identify the true fiscal policy stance and also frequently fails to correctly signal potential violations of the SGP limit on structural deficit. In the latter case triggering corrective fiscal contractions to comply with the SGP results in increased macroeconomic instability. In addition, we show that allowing for a bigger role for stability-oriented discretionary policy and thus relaxing the SGP limit on structural deficit could enhance the stabilization efficiency of fiscal policy without reducing the degree of compliance with the Maastricht Treaty. These conclusions apply to small countries in a monetary union as well as large countries with independent monetary policy.     

积极财政政策的回顾与启示

本文对 1998年以来实行积极财政政策的过程进行简要回顾 ,初步总结了四年来积极财政政策的内容和特点 ,进而提出对宏观调控的三点启示 :对财政政策的运用应当从整个经济运行的角度进行把握 ;发挥财政政策的效应需要注重其供给调节的功能 ;对财政风险应当联系整个经济的风险加以考虑