基金公司养老金投资组合方案轮廓初现

多家基金公司即将上报的养老金投资组合方案，在标的选择上与公募基金产品差别不大，但在投资风险控制上有更严格的“红线”；在资产配比上，大部分资金将配置到风险较低的债券等产品。基金公司设计的养老金投资组合方案包括投资组合设计和资产配比两部分。不同基金公司根据自身优势，设计的投资组合各有侧重，权益类投资出色的基金公司侧重于股票...     

基于动态多期投资模型的寿险公司最优投资决策

动态资产配置模型是现代资产管理理论中最具价值的理论之一。本文使用Sorensen(1999)提出的拟动态规划方法寻求保险人效用最大化的投资策略,求得在不同风险偏好和投资限制下的各期限债券以及股票的配置比例。研究发现:保险人的风险偏好影响股票持有比例,20年投资期间下不同风险偏好投资者的股票持有数量会收敛到理性投资水平;债券组合中只含有最短和最长年期债券,两种债券的持有量随时间此消彼涨,其他年期债券持有为零;负债持续期缺口是影响债券组合配置的主要因素。     

名词解释

公司型投资基金　ｃｏｒｐｏｒａｔｅｔｙｐｅｉｎｖｅｓｔｍｅｎｔｆｕｎｄ　在组织上 ,指按照公司法 (或商法 )规定所设立的、具有独立法人资格并以盈利为目的的投资基金公司 (或类似法人机构 ) ;在证券上 ,指由投资基金公司发行的投资基金证券。这种基金证券 ,实际上 ,是投资基金公司的股票 ;投资者购买基金公司的证券 ,以基金持有人身份成为基金公司的股东 ;基金持有人会议是基金公司的最高权力机构 ,基金公司应根据基金持有人会议的决议 ,选择一家投资管理公司 (或基金管理公司 )来管理和运作基金公司的资产 ,同时 ,选择一家银行 (或其…     

简析当前我国开放式基金的流动性风险

基金流动性风险是指其所持资产在变现过程中价格的不确定性与可能遭受的损失。我国过去只有封闭式基金,不存在流动性的管理问题。随着开放式基金的陆续推出,如何平衡基金资产的流动性与盈利性,加强流动性管理就成了各家基金管理公司和基金经理的新课题。目前,我国开放式基金既面临其固有风险,又面临着市场发育时期的特殊风险。一、开放式基金资产———投资组合的流动性风险开放式基金流动性风险与它所持有的资产———投资组合的流动性之间存在着显著的正相关。按照我国《证券投资基金暂行办法》的规定,开放式基金投资于股票、债券的比例不…     

新基金中的“典范”

2011年新年伊始,新基金的发行又掀起了一拨小高潮,各大基金公司扎堆似地抢滩新基金市场。一时间,整个市场热闹非凡。新发行的基金品类十分丰富,基金类型涵盖了股票型、债券型、货币型、QDII等各种基金类型。就投资方向来看,新基金中有不少中小盘基金和货币基金,如景顺长城基金公司的景顺长城中小盘股票基金、信诚基金公司的信诚货币基金等。面对如此品目繁多的新基金,持币待购的投资者犯了难。到底哪只新基金     

我国股市规模效应能用忽略效应解释吗

一、文献回顾 忽略效应由Arbel和Strebel在1983年提出.他们认为,"规模效应"产生的主要原因是小公司容易被具有操纵力量的机构投资者所忽略.机构投资者通常乐于投资那些大公司,而不愿意花费财力去研究小公司,因而市场参与者对小公司的经营管理、生产状况和市场销售等情况知之甚少,从而造成信息不足或不完全,导致投资小公司股票的风险远大于投资大公司股票,小公司的投资者自然要求有一定的超额收益对风险加以补偿.投资于大公司相对要安全得多,因此,大公司股票获取超额收益的可能性很低.他们以机构持有度为标准,把公司分为高度持有、适度持有和忽视三种类型.再按规模大小分为三个层次.从而得到9个股票组合.分别研究这些组合的收益率、风险大小(市场风险β和由收益率方差表示的总风险)、超额收益和基金业绩指数随机构持有度和规模变化的变动情况.发现即使控制规模变量,低机构持有度意味着更高的期望收益率.而"规模效应"在控制了机构持有度后消失了,因此,认为"规模效应"实际上是对忽略程度的补偿.     

九招制胜基金投资

第一,组合投资。当前很多人一说到投资基金,就认为是投资股票型基金,其实,基金不单单是股票型基金,还有配置型基金、债券型基金和货币型基金,这些基金的投资方向和风险     

证券投资组合损失率概率评价模型的开发与实证检验

通过建立证券投资组合损失率概率评价模型,定义损失率概率为单个资产或投资组合的损失率超过市场平均损失率的概率,用于对投资组合的风险进行评价。以某基金为例,计算得到该基金的损失率概率为39.74%,表明该基金有39.74%的概率损失率超过市场平均损失率。以证券投资组合损失率概率最小为目标函数,采用遗传算法进行求解,得出该基金投资组合损失率概率最小时的投资权重系数,最小损失率概率为36.01%,与该基金公司的投资组合相比,损失率概率降低了3.73%,实例证明该模型是降低证券投资组合风险的一种实用方法。     

债券基金风险分析

随着股票市场的投资风险逐步明显和扩大,投资者和基金公司开始把目光投在风险相对较小、收益稳定的债券身上.基金公司积极推出债券型基金,并不断强调债券投资的安全性.然而,债券基金是否真的能如投资者所愿,实现低风险的投资回报,还要通过具体分析才能下结论.     

债券投资策略

对个人投资者来说,即便选择了债券,也并不意味着一定能够在本轮债券牛市中掘到金.在如此强劲的牛市背景下,仍有一部分债基出现负收益.银河证券王群航认为,从规避风险的角度考虑,投资者应重点关注只做债券投资的基金以及可短时间持有新股的债券基金,对于可做二级市场投资的债基,他认为投资者在市场过渡行情期间可适度配置.一般来说,债券投资策略主要有消极投资策略、积极投资策略和组合投资策略.     

Institutional investors: Arbitrageurs or rational trend chasers

This paper studies the relationship between institutional investor holdings and stock misvaluation in the U.S. between 1980 and 2010. I find that institutional investors overweigh overvalued and underweigh undervalued stocks in their portfolio, taking the market portfolio as a benchmark. Cross-sectionally, institutional investors hold more overvalued stocks than undervalued stocks. The time-series studies also show that institutional ownership of overvalued portfolios increases as the portfolios' degree of overvaluation. As an investment strategy, institutional investors' ride of stock misvaluation is neither driven by the fund flows from individual investors into institutions, nor industry-specific. Consistent with the agency problem explanation, investment companies and independent investment advisors have a higher tendency to ride stock misvaluation than other institutions. There is weak evidence that institutional investors make a profit by riding stock misvaluation. My findings challenge the models that view individual investors as noise traders and disregard the role of institutional investors in stock market misvaluation.     

Diversification revisited

Many investment companies hold diversified asset portfolios and frequently try to mirror or outperform a market index for each asset class such as stocks and bonds. As Wibaut and Wilford (2009) show, often the same issuers appear in each of those indices and this may lead to undesirable results such as during a crisis period. Our research further explores the topic of diversification with a special focus on the financial crisis period of 2007 through 2009. Our results indicate that there is benefit in terms of correlations from holding bond and stock portfolios. Interestingly, these findings show the benefit is most pronounced during times of market stress.     

Coskewness timing ability in the mutual fund industry

The ability of mutual fund managers to time coskewness successfully can help them manage their portfolio’s exposure to potential losses and improve their fund’s performance. This study assesses whether mutual fund managers are able to manage the market exposure of their investment portfolios given a change in coskewness. We demonstrate that fund managers investing in Small Blend and Small Growth stocks possess the ability to time coskewness. On average, the fund managers of these two investment objectives increase the market exposures of their portfolios about 2.749 % and 1.340 %, respectively, based on their anticipations on future coskewness. Superiority is driven from the fact that the fund managers in small capitalization stocks are successfully able to manage the tail risk of their funds’ portfolios. The fund-by-fund results confirm that the number of individual funds succeeding in timing market skewness of the Small Blend and Small Growth investment objectives is larger than the remaining types. The main findings are robust when controlling for other types of timing ability, the periods of financial turbulence, and the construction of coskewness.     

An alternative measure of the “world market portfolio”: Determinants, efficiency, and information content

The world market portfolio plays an important role in international asset pricing, but is unobservable in practice. We first propose a framework for constructing a market proxy that corresponds to the “market portfolio” of financial theory. We then construct this proxy, analyze its determinants and test its efficiency and explanatory power over the period 1975-2007 with respect to the return generating processes of a broad asset universe. We show that its major determinants are traded assets and that it is not efficient. However, it is significant for explaining individual asset returns over an asset universe that includes stocks, bonds, money markets and commodities. The explanatory information is incremental to what is available in traded asset prices and the significance of this information is robust with respect to diversified portfolios generated by factor analysis and to characteristic-sorted portfolios as well as to various model specifications, including the single-index model, the Fama-French (1992) three factor model for stocks, and various specifications of multi-index models hedged and unhedged for foreign currency risk.     

Fund portfolio networks: A climate risk perspective

Within Europe, investment funds are more exposed to climate-sensitive economic sectors than banks, insurers, and pension funds. However, few climate-related financial risk assessments of the fund sector have been conducted. We use 8 trillion EUR of fund portfolio holdings to help fill this gap, using the network of portfolio overlaps. Funds with more polluting portfolios (brown funds) invest across more firms than funds with cleaner portfolios (green funds). This apparent diversification hides a concentration risk: brown funds are more closely connected with each other (have more similar portfolios) than green funds, which tend to herd less (have less similar portfolios with each other). This suggests that, in the event of a widespread climate-related financial shock, brown funds will face greater stress levels than green funds. A climate risk scenario exercise confirms this: among total system losses of 443 billion EUR, brown funds' losses are typically between two and three times higher than green funds' losses. Brown funds also have more systemic impact: because they play a more central role in the investment fund network, brown funds contribute twice as much towards system-wide losses as green funds. These findings suggest that, despite the growing attention paid to sustainable investing, systemic vulnerabilities remain and many funds' portfolio diversification approaches do not yet adequately incorporate climate risk.     

Household portfolio optimization with XTFs? An empirical study using the SHS-base

XTFs are plain-vanilla Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) which replicate a broad, internationally diversified market index. We question, if XTFs can optimize the performance of households’ portfolios when taking multiple relevant asset classes into account, not only stocks. As opposed to most existing studies, we apply representative household portfolio data to estimate households’ portfolios. Households’ portfolios in our sample show similar compositions and can be grouped into one of three stylized portfolio compositions which exhibit asset class concentrations on cash/savings, mutual funds and individual stocks. For each stylized portfolio, we first investigate if an easily investable 60/40 stock/bond XTF portfolio which is risk-adjusted (including (de-)leverage costs) to the risk of the stylized portfolios, achieves higher returns than the stylized portfolios. This is the case for all stylized portfolios, even those with concentrations on cash/savings or mutual funds. Second, we examine risk/return-changes when replacing the entire risky assets of the stylized portfolios with the 60/40 stock/bond XTF portfolio including transaction costs. This leads to return enhancements in all stylized portfolios and particularly in the portfolio with high stock concentrations to risk reductions. Overall, we find that XTFs are generally suitable to optimize the performance of households’ portfolios under consideration of multiple relevant asset classes.     

Short Positions in the First Principal Component Portfolio

Insurance companies and pension plans typically hold well-diversified equity portfolios. These institutions are also often restricted from taking short positions. The diversification requirement operates on the portfolio level, while the short sale constraint is at the individual security level. We examine an investment strategy that exposes a tension between these two requirements. This strategy uses the first principal component to construct the portfolio and by design meets the first requirement. Empirical portfolios based on the first principal component do an excellent job of capturing market exposure and minimizing diversifiable risk. However, in practice such portfolios sometimes contain a few short positions. So this strategy does not always meet the second requirement. We examine which features of stock returns give rise to short positions when a portfolio is based on the first principal component, and we are able to identify the characteristics of the stocks that are responsible for the short positions. These stocks tend to have negative correlations with the majority of other stocks. In contrast such stocks would typically be held long in a Markowitz portfolio. We discuss and explain this puzzle.     

Measuring Mutual Fund Performance with Characteristic-Based Benchmarks

This article develops and applies new measures of portfolio performance which use benchmarks based on the characteristics of stocks held by the portfolios that are evaluated. Specifically, the benchmarks are constructed from the returns of 125 passive portfolios that are matched with stocks held in the evaluated portfolio on the basis of the market capitalization, book-to-market, and prior-year return characteristics of those stocks. Based on these benchmarks, “Characteristic Timing” and “Characteristic Selectivity” measures are developed that detect, respectively, whether portfolio managers successfully time their portfolio weightings on these characteristics and whether managers can select stocks that outperform the average stock having the same characteristics. We apply these measures to a new database of mutual fund holdings covering over 2500 equity funds from 1975 to 1994. Our results show that mutual funds, particularly aggressive-growth funds, exhibit some selectivity ability, but that funds exhibit no characteristic timing ability.     

基金经理更换、股票联动与股票价格

基金经理更换打破了基金共同持股投资组合中股票的关联性,降低了股票收益率相关性,进而影响了股票价格。本文基于基金共同持股和基金经理更换构建了对冲投资组合,获得0.1%的日超额收益率。基金投资组合中股票收益率相关性能够解释这种超额收益率,本文发现基金更换经理后,新基金经理重建投资组合,打破了原投资组合中股票间的关联,股票收益率相关性减弱,基金共同持股程度高的股票价格受到了更大影响。基金的被动流动性冲击不能解释本文的发现。本文的研究表明基金经理变更等基金管理行为通过股票收益率相关性对股票价格产生了重要影响。     

Portfolio concentration and fund manager performance

This research examines the relationships among portfolio concentration, fund manager skills, and fund performance in Taiwan's equity mutual fund industry, yielding several empirical findings as follows. First, after controlling for other factors, concentrated equity funds tend to have smaller net asset values, larger fund flows, higher turnover rates, and a younger age and prevail in smaller fund families. Second, concentrated fund managers buy and sell stocks more smartly based on economic trends or market factors than do diversified fund managers, i.e., they have better market‐timing abilities. Third, only partial evidence supports the premise that concentrated equity funds have better next‐quarter risk‐adjusted performances than do diversified ones, as these fund managers' skills positively correlate to risk‐adjusted fund performance. Fourth, fund managers who have better stock‐picking abilities and intensively invest in certain industries generally exhibit better Carhart's alpha in the next quarter than do other fund managers. Fifth, fund managers' stock‐picking abilities more closely relate to long‐term performance than do their market‐timing abilities. Lastly, positive performance persistence is much stronger than negative performance persistence, but concentrated funds do not have stronger performance persistence than do diversified funds.