基于进化博弈角度的最优政府出口补贴的分析

一、引言 本文的思考是从布兰德的第三市场模型入手,但在原有模型中加入了厂商博弈结构进化和本国出口产业资本结构变化两个新的参数,得出了非常有意义的结论,对于我国出口经济政策的出台提出了理论性的建议.     

新兴市场体的出口结构与汇率稳定

本文介绍了汇率对出口价格传递机制模型,该模型中描述了汇率对出口价格的传递机制与出口结构有关:在进口的投入品比例高时,或出口产品与外国产品相似、竞争激烈时,出口变化对汇率的变动不敏感.由于以东亚为代表的新兴市场体普遍采取了出口导向型战略,该地区出口结构决定了其对汇率稳定的钉住汇率制度有着偏爱本质.而对于不可避免地增加汇率弹性的中国,只有使出口结构高级化,才是人民币升值坚实的基础.     

另一种新经济

报告要点: *由于出口和固定资产投资增长势头下降,我们预测2003年中国GDP增长率为7.5%.     

新形势下公立医院固定资产管理的探讨

新《政府会计制度》中对会计核算科目和方式进行了调整,其对于公立医院的固定资产核算也带来了一定的影响.在新形势下完善固定资产管理是公立医院面对环境变化的重要手段.基于此,本文旨在通过分析公立医院固定资产核算受到的政策影响,厘清公立医院固定资产管理的具体现状,从而探讨有利于公立医院固定资产管理优化的建议.     

新《高等学校会计制度》固定资产核算变化探析

新《高等学校会计制度》在固定资产核算方面发生了较大的变化,文章通过对新旧会计制度在固定资产核算上的变化进行比较分析,提出新制度下高校固定资产核算的建议.     

业务量的持续增长与企业对市场稳定性担忧并存——2020年外向型企业调查报告

2020年我国外向型企业的运营呈现出典型的“V”型特征.出口贸易在下半年迅速恢复,并在第四季度快速增长,拉动全年出口增速回正,贸易顺差再创新高.但出口企业业务量的增长并没有转化成对企业固定资产投资扩张的拉动,受到外贸环境复杂和出口订单不稳定的影响,我国出口企业的复苏形势仍不稳固,需要得到政策面的持续支持.     

新政府会计制度下行政事业单位固定资产核算研究

随着新政府会计制度的全面实施,行政事业单位在固定资产核算方面有了显著的变化,这一变化要求固定资产核算及管理模式要进行相应调整,以适应新政府会计制度,保证固定资产核算与管理模式更加优化,进而提升固定资产的价值.本文首先阐述了新政府会计制度对行政事业单位固定资产核算及管理的意义,其次论述行政事业单位固定资产核算及管理存在的...     

宏观调控背景下基层固定资产投资情况的解读

国家新一轮宏观调控对基层固定资产投资产生了较大影响.笔者以德州市为例,对2003年6月至2005年6月间固定资产投资情况进行了考察和解读,分析了宏观调控以来基层固定资产投资增长速度、资金来源、行业分布、区域分布以及房地产投资的变化,对宏观调控政策给基层固定资产投资造成的影响作出了客观评价.同时,从宏观调控政策微调和改进固定资产投资管理两方面提出可行性建议.     

关于医院固定资产管理与核算的思考

固定资产是医院生存和发展的重要物质性基础.随着社会经济的发展和医疗卫生体制改革的深入,我国医院的固定资产管理与核算面临着一些新变化.本文立足于实际,分析了当前我国医院固定资产管理中存在的购置计划性差盲目性大、运行效率不高、结构不合理等问题,并提出了解决医院固定资产管理问题的针对性对策建议.     

试析新旧医院会计制度固定资产会计核算的变化

随着我国综合国力的不断提高,医院的建设规模和医疗水平也在不断提高,我国医院在数量越来越多、设备越来越完备的同时,也面临着社会和人们的更高的期望和要求,因此医院的内部管理越来越重要.财务会计管理是医院的核心部分,关乎着医院的存亡,固定资产是医院的立足之本,对医院的医疗水平和发展具有重要意义.我国自2012年施行新的医院会计制度以来,医院的固定资产会计核算发生了很大变化,本文就新旧医院会计制度中固定资产会计核算的变化和现今医院固定资产管理中会计核算的相关变化进行分析,对完善医院的固定资产会计核算管理提出可行性建议,望对医院的相关工作提供微薄参考.     

Risk Management and the Cost of Capital for Operating Assets

This article attempts to clarify the effect of risk management on a company's cost of capital in the spirit of the traditional M&M/CAPM model. The traditional cost of capital model can and should be used to find the hurdle rate for a company's operating assets, since it can be applied regardless of the composition of the firm's non‐operating assets or its risk management policy. The author's main message is that if a firm manages idiosyncratic risk, the correct cost of capital for the operating investment is not the firm's enterprise WACC, but rather the required return on the assets being funded. Using the case of a company with a single line of business that is evaluating an investment opportunity, the author demonstrates how to adjust the firm's overall WACC to find the cost of capital for the operating assets to be acquired.     

Riding the waves of technology through the decades: The relation between industry-level information technology intensity and the cost of equity capital

This paper examines the effect that information technology (IT) investments have on the industry cost of equity capital. We find that industry IT intensity, defined as the relative amount of IT investment to total fixed asset expenditures, is negatively related to the industry cost of equity capital. These results indicate that industries with higher levels of IT investment have lower cost of equity capital. We also find that the relation between IT intensity and cost of equity capital changes over time. Initially, investors viewed IT investments as risky ventures and demanded higher levels of cost of equity (or higher return on their investment) for those industries investing in IT. However, beginning in the 1980s, as IT became more reliable, more cost effective, and had the ability to transform businesses, investors viewed IT Intensity as a positive business strategy with less associated risks and reduced their required cost of equity capital (or lower return on their investment). Extrapolating from our industry results, IT investments allow firms to potentially raise capital at a lower price so they have more assets to employ, indicating that IT investments can be a key factor for business success.     

资本投向与控制权私有收益攫取的实证研究

文章基于资本投资形成控制性资源，为获取控制权私有收益创造基础的理论阐述，以2005—2007年在沪深两市A股市场的公司为样本，对我国上市公司投资决策中资本投向与控制权私有收益的关系进行了实证检验。研究结果表明：（1）不同投向的资本投资与控制权私有收益攫取水平正相关。（2）就固定资产、股权并购、无形资产三种资本投向而言，股权并购方式取得控制权私有收益的代价较低，但控制性股东占有被并购公司控制权私有收益的比例也较低。（3）不同投向下的资本投资，在形成控制权私有收益的同时并没有通过提高公司业绩而增加控制权共有收益，很大程度上是形成控制权私有收益的自利行为。     

Is export tax rebate a quality signal to determine firms’ capital structure? A financial intermediation perspective

This paper empirically examines the casual effect of export tax rebates (ETRs) on firm capital structure. The results of analyzing large panel data on Chinese manufacturing firms from 2007 to 2015 suggest that firms that obtain ETRs are more likely to access leverage. Moreover, ETRs affect the leverage ratio through funding fixed assets investments, smoothing financial costs, and alleviating for internal financing. In addition, ETRs are positively associated with leverage through improvements in firm performance, including firms’ total factor productivity, profitability, and labor productivity. Additionally, the effect of ETRs on leverage plays a stronger role in private firms than in state-owned or foreign firms.     

金融服务实体经济的效率及影响因素研究 ——基于商业银行资产负债的实证分析

本文首先深入分析了商业银行的资产负债管理行为,构建商业银行追求利润的资产负债管理模型,从理论上分析出商业银行将资产配置到实体经济领域的影响因素。在此基础上,从金融监管的角度出发,将商业银行的资产负债项目进一步分类为杠杆类、通道类,利用25家商业银行2009到2018年的面板数据,实证分析针对商业银行的杠杆类、通道类资产负债的监管,对金融支持实体经济力度、价格的影响效果。结果显示：银行支持实体经济力度方面,银行的杠杆率对银行支持实体经济力度有显著正向效果,但是资金通道长度对银行支持实体经济力度的影响并不显著;银行支持实体经济的资金价格方面,杠杆率对银行资金价格的影响并不显著,但是通道长度则会显著增加资金成本;商业银行的国有、股份制、城商行性质对银行支持实体经济力度的影响也不显著,但是同等条件下,商业银行的国有性质会显著降低资金价格水平。     

Estimating the cost of capital with basis assets

Instead of using industry groups or asset pricing models to estimate the cost of capital we propose using risk equivalent classes known as basis assets. A basis asset is constructed by grouping firms together whose returns indicate they share a common risk exposure, which in theory permits a precise and accurate expected return estimate. Thus, knowing to which basis asset a firm belongs, the firm’s cost of capital can be obtained. Empirically, we show that basis assets lead to superior cost of capital estimates when compared with widely used industry groupings. This means we are no longer reliant on asset pricing models or industry groups to estimate the cost of capital of a firm.     

金融支持对战略性新兴产业发展的影响——基于中国上市公司的实证分析

基于柯布-道格拉斯生产函数的理论分析,建立面板数据模型并采用上市公司财务数据,实证分析了金融支持对中国战略性新兴产业发展的影响作用。结果表明：以资本市场为主导的直接金融体系相对于以银行信贷为主导的间接金融体系的正向支持作用更为稳健;固定资产净额和无形资产净额对战略性新兴产业发展的不同方面呈现出不同的影响作用;劳动投入水平对战略性新兴产业发展产生显著的正效应。     

控制权冲突、资本配置决策与投资组合选择

本文以长期股权投资和固定资产的投资组合选择为研究对象,从控制权私利的视角探讨了大股东自利性动机对资本配置决策的作用机理,并进行了相应的数值模拟。研究发现：（1）固定资产投资规模与长期股权投资高状态收益存在负相关关系,而长期股权投资规模则与其高状态收益概率正相关;（2）大股东自利性动机驱使下的资本配置决策偏离了分散持股时的资本配置水平,偏离程度会随着现金流权与控制权分离度的增加而展现出非线性变化态势。上述研究结论为当前有关加强上市公司大股东财务决策监管的政策导向提供了重要的经验启示。     

Financial Health and the Intensive Margin of Trade

Using data on 2380 firms from nine emerging countries, this paper shows that there is a positive and significant relationship between financial health and the intensive margin of trade. The magnitude of this positive relationship is shown to depend on several firm characteristics, where the effects of financial health on firm-level exports are larger for firms with higher levels of export, bigger size (measured by assets), higher productivity (measured by value added per worker), and moderate levels of financial health (measured by cash flow over total assets). The results are robust to the consideration of foreign ownership and country characteristics as well as industry and time fixed effects.     

Do a firm's equity returns reflect the risk of its pension plan?

This paper examines the empirical question of whether systematic equity risk of US firms as measured by beta from the capital asset pricing model reflects the risk of their pension plans. There are a number of reasons to suspect that it might not. Chief among them is the opaque set of accounting rules used to report pension assets, liabilities, and expenses. Pension plan assets and liabilities are off-balance sheet and are often viewed as segregated from the rest of the firm, with its own trustees. Pension accounting rules are complicated. Furthermore, the role of the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation clouds the real relation between pension plan risk and firm equity risk. The empirical findings in this paper are consistent with the hypothesis that equity risk does reflect the risk of the firm's pension plan despite arcane accounting rules for pensions. This finding is consistent with informational efficiency of the capital markets. It also has implications for corporate finance practice in the determination of the cost of capital for capital budgeting. Standard procedure uses de-leveraged equity return betas to infer the cost of capital for operating assets. But the de-leveraged betas are not adjusted for the risk of the pension assets and liabilities. Failure to make this adjustment typically biases upward estimates of the discount rate for capital budgeting. The magnitude of the bias is shown here to be large for a number of well-known US companies. This bias can result in positive net present value projects being rejected.