智力资本与企业战略绩效:基于中国上市公司的实证研究

基于企业资源观的分析框架,从促进企业竞争优势的稀缺战略资源特性出发,构建了智力资本贡献于企业战略绩效的关系模型.采用上市公司2006-2008年的相关数据,对智力资本与企业战略绩效之间的相关性进行了实证研究.研究结果显示物质资本与企业战略绩效显著正相关,人力资本对企业具有积极的价值创造作用,结构资本与企业战略绩效呈一定...     

智力资本驱动企业价值创造的有效性研究——基于智力资本综合评价视角

智力资本作为企业的战略性资产能够维持企业的持续竞争力及创造较高的企业价值。本文以我国医药制造业上市公司为例,使用15个指标从人力资本、创新资本、流程资本和顾客资本四个维度研究智力资本,使用主成分分析法对企业智力资本价值进行综合评价,以此为基础研究智力资本驱动企业价值创造的有效性。研究结果显示,智力资本正向影响企业价值创造,同时智力资本对企业价值创造的驱动效果大于物质资本;但是,智力资本驱动企业价值创造的作用没有充分被市场认识。     

智力资本信息披露对股权资本成本的影响

本文利用智力资本信息披露大样本数据,研究智力资本信息披露对股权资本成本的影响机制.研究表明:(1)总体智力资本、人力资本信息披露与股权成本负相关.(2)相对于内控质量较低的企业,内控质量高的企业披露智力资本与人力资本信息,能够更有效地降低股权成本.(3)与竞争缓和环境中的企业相比,激烈竞争环境中的企业的智力资本、人力资本信息披露对股权成本的降低作用更强.此外,总体智力资本、人力资本信息披露能够通过缓解信息不对称、减少买卖价差的中介路径发挥降低股权成本的作用.     

智力资本与无形资产关系的研究综述

随着知识经济的到来,智力资本的概念越来越受到人们的关注,在现代企业中,特别是高新技术企业,智力资本与无形资产的区别越来越明显。国内外的学者对于智力资本和无形资产的概念及界定有着不同的理解,特别是智力资本的内涵仍受争议。这样会给企业的会计计量和资产评估、审计等带来麻烦。智力资本比无形资产的涵盖范围更为广阔,具有给企业创造更高价值的能力。因此,我们在既要关注企业无形资产,也要关注企业的智力资本,注重人力资本、创新能力对提升企业价值创造和竞争力的作用。     

区域性银行智力资本对经营绩效影响的实证分析

智力资本在商业银行财富创造过程中比物质资本更为重要。本文通过对国内主要区域性银行智力资本的测算,分析得出智力资本中的资本增值系数对银行绩效有主要推动作用,而人力资本增值系数对于银行绩效提升没有显著作用,结构资本增值系数则呈负相关。因此,当前区域性银行依靠利差的传统经营模式是不可持续的,应转向依靠经营和管理智力资本的发展...     

智力资本对企业价值贡献的有效性研究——基于中国上市公司的经验证据

以2007~2010年我国A股上市公司为样本,考察智力资本各组成要素对企业价值贡献的有效程度。研究结果表明,无论对传统技术行业还是高科技行业来说,物质资本和人力资本对企业价值的贡献程度最显著,结构资本基本不起作用;更进一步发现智力资本对企业价值创造的贡献大于物质资本。     

智力资本对企业价值贡献的有效性研究——基于中国上市公司的经验证据

以2007~2010年我国A股上市公司为样本,考察智力资本各组成要素对企业价值贡献的有效程度。研究结果表明,无论对传统技术行业还是高科技行业来说,物质资本和人力资本对企业价值的贡献程度最显著,结构资本基本不起作用;更进一步发现智力资本对企业价值创造的贡献大于物质资本。     

智力资本驱动企业绩效的有效性研究——基于制造业、信息技术业和房地产业的实证分析

在知识经济时代,智力资本成为企业价值创造和可持续发展的关键性、稀缺性资源。从企业资源配置的角度而言,企业如何从一般性的竞争力转化为持续的核心竞争力,关键是对智力资本如何进行有效的开发,以及确立以智力资本为核心的价值管理体系。本文选取深、沪交易所A股市场中制造业、信息技术业和房地产业上市公司作为研究对象,对智力资本能否驱动企业的绩效进行实证研究,探索现阶段不同行业有效的智力资本驱动因素的差异,为我国不同行业的企业在配置和管理其智力资本,提升企业绩效方面提供借鉴。     

公司财务管理的新视野：组织资本与人力资本

财务管理是对企业资本进行管理,基本目的是实现企业价值最大化;知识经济时代,用于创造企业价值的资源不仅限于传统的财务资源,而是所谓的"泛财务资源".与此相应,企业财务管理在内容上也就不应局限于传统的财务资金,而需要关注组织资本与人力资本等资本要素.     

现代企业的社会资本、人力资本与物质资本--一个关于企业成长新解释范式的探讨

人力资本和物质资本的有机结合会使企业获得成长,于是企业成长的一个深层次问题便是物质资本和人力资本的激励问题.社会资本在二者的配置和效能发挥中起着基础性的激励作用.物质资本和人力资本总是喜爱并追逐着社会资本,并在社会资本的滋养中创造企业经营绩效.企业社会资本是指企业对其各类社会资本进行的培育、提升、协调和控制等一系列管理活动.现代企业的发展不仅是人、财、物、技术、信息的选择和组合的结果,更是三项资本的运动过程.在三项资本的运动过程中,物质资本固然重要,但人力资本最为关键,而社会资本则起着基础平台和粘合剂的作用.现代企业要重视对"三项资本"的管理.     

Managing Capital via Internal Capital Market Transactions: The Case of Life Insurers

The movement of capital within insurance groups is important for understanding insolvency risk management, as well as regulatory policies regarding capital standards and group supervision. Panel data estimates indicate that, on average, a dollar decrease in performance (net income plus unrealized capital gains) when performance is negative is associated with a $0.26 increase in capital contributions to life insurers from other entities in the group, and that a dollar increase in performance when performance is positive is associated with a $0.56 increase in the amount of internal shareholder dividends paid by life insurers to other entities in the group. Moreover, the sensitivity of internal dividends to performance is higher during the financial crisis than the noncrisis period. Also, insurers with low (high) risk‐based capital ratios receive more (less) internal capital contributions than other insurers, holding other factors constant.     

智力资本对上市商业银行绩效的影响--基于VAIC测算方法的实证研究

本文使用VAIC测算方法测算2013-2017年31家上市商业银行智力资本,使用静态面板模型和动态面板模型探究智力资本对商业银行绩效的长短期影响。研究发现,智力资本及其组成对商业银行绩效具有显著促进作用,其中结构资本效率的作用大于人力资本效率;智力资本对商业银行绩效的作用受银行的所有制结构影响;智力资本对商业银行绩效的作用具有持续性。结果带来的启示在于,商业银行应积极响应国家金融供给侧结构性改革政策,充分重视对智力资本资源的利用,不同所有制结构的商业银行对组织结构变革要有针对地实施不同措施。     

优化我国上市公司资本结构的若干思考

对企业而言，资本的构成能够直接影响企业的发展和经营。本文主要介绍了资本结构及其优化理论的三个发展阶段，并以上市公司中三个行业为例，着重分析了我国企业的资本结构现状，提出了其中存在的不足，进行了多方面的原因分析。最后作出了合理化资本结构的建议。     

Using a robust performance measurement system to illuminate intellectual capital

The central premise of the “fit-as-mediation” view states that knowledge-related factors could determine the usage and design of specific organizational systems, such as management accounting and control systems. This could, in turn, facilitate information processing and bring about positive organizational outcomes. While the influence of knowledge-based assets on measurable performance has been examined extensively in the intellectual capital literature, little is known concerning the role of an organizational control system in fostering the management of intellectual capital as the most strategic asset for organizations. As such, this study primarily aims to explore what role a performance measurement system plays in terms of the diversity of measurement in the relationship between intellectual capital and organizational performance. We incorporate social capital into the general three-dimensional classification of intellectual capital; namely, human capital, structural capital, and relational capital, to provide a more comprehensive measure of intellectual capital. Further, we conceptualize the diversity of measurement by supplementing the original Kaplan and Norton's BSC model with a new perspective, social and environmental measures. Such integration of financial, customer, internal business process, learning, and growth, along with social and environmental measures could result in an overarching and robust conceptualization of performance measurement; a concept that was barely mentioned in previous literature. We conducted a questionnaire survey involving chief financial officers of 128 Iranian public listed companies. Using the partial least squares (PLS), we find that companies with higher levels of intellectual capital emphasize a greater diversity of performance measures. The findings also show that the diversity of measurement mediates the relationship between intellectual capital and organizational performance. This paper may offer guidance to companies concerning the competencies needed for securing positive organizational outcomes from their knowledge resources, such as intellectual capital.     

Capital disadvantage: America's failing capital investment system

The U.S. system of allocating investment capital is failing, putting American companies at a serious disadvantage and threatening the long-term growth of the nation's economy. The problem, says Michael Porter, goes beyond the usual formulation of the issue: accusations of "short-termism" by U.S. managers, ineffective corporate governance by directors, or a high cost of capital. The problem involves the external capital allocation system by which capital is provided to companies, as well as the system by which companies allocate capital internally. America's system is marked by fluid capital and a financial focus. Other countries--notably Japan and Germany--have systems with dedicated capital and a focus on corporate position. In global competition, where investment increasingly determines a company's capacity to upgrade and innovate, the U.S. system does not measure up. These conclusions come out of a two-year research project sponsored by the Harvard Business School and the Council on Competitiveness. Porter recommends five far-reaching reforms to make the U.S. system superior to Japan's and Germany's: 1. Improve the present macroeconomic environment. 2. Expand true ownership throughout the system so that directors, managers, employees, and even customers and suppliers hold positions as owners. 3. Align the goals of capital providers, corporations, directors, managers, employees, customers, suppliers, and society. 4. Improve the information used in decision making. 5. Foster more productive modes of interaction and influence among capital providers, corporations, and business units.     

Capital Structure Equilibrium under Market Imperfections and Incompleteness

This paper generalizes Miller's supply-side equilibrium argument to other forms of capital market imperfections and incompleteness. If corporations possess a comparative advantage in dealing with these imperfections, they have an incentive to act as financial intermediaries. Corporations' attempts to profit from these intermediation activities dictate an optimal capital structure for the corporate sector as a whole, but in equilibrium the capital structure of any single firm is a matter of indifference. In addition, the positive role that corporate finance plays in completing the market restores standard perfect market results on asset pricing and the associated portfolio separation properties.     

Capital Allocation in Financial Firms

This paper develops a theory of capital allocation in financial intermediaries where the cost of "risk capital" is a critical consideration. The implication for capital budgeting is that financial firms should use a modified NPV rule in which projects are valued by calculating the NPV of cash flows using marketdetermined discount rates and then subtracting a deadweight cost of capital that reflects the project's marginal contribution to firm-wide risk.
By taking account of deadweight costs—mainly monitoring and moral hazard costs associated with having too little equity capital as well as "free cash flow" agency costs and higher taxes associated with having too much—the capital allocation model predicts that financial firms will diversify across businesses with similar deadweight costs. Such diversification reduces the cost of risk capital for the individual businesses, thereby creating more profitable investment opportunities at the margin and enabling the businesses to operate on a larger scale. The authors note that their model has similarities to but also important differences from the standard applications of RAROC models.     

Financialization and Corporate Performance in China: Promotion or Inhibition?

Using a sample of Chinese listed firms for the period 2009 to 2018, we analyze the relationship between the financialization of non-financial corporations (NFCs) and corporate performance from both long-term and short-term perspectives. Our results show that the impact of financialization on firm performance is not simply a crowding-out or pulling effect but rather depends on the type of financial assets held by the firms. The holdings of investment financial assets generally have a pulling effect on both the short-term performance and market expectations of a firm's future profits as proxied by Tobin's Q, but they crowd out the innovation activities that are critical to long-term performance. Although monetary financial assets positively affect corporate profitability, they inhibit the increase of return on invested capital and long-term performance. Additionally, compared with monetary financial assets, investment financial assets play a more important role in promoting short-term performance, although the crowding-out effect on innovation activities is more prominent for investment financial assets. Furthermore, this paper also concludes that compared with manufacturing and non-state-owned enterprises (NSOEs), the role of financialization in promoting the performance of non-manufacturing and state-owned enterprises (SOEs) is more significant.     

高科技行业的智力资本多重绩效研究

新经济时代,智力资本及其绩效越来越受到广泛关注。从智力资本增值的概念、计量出发,建立绩效和智力资本增值的实证模型,对深交所A股上市公司按行业和板块分类进行实证研究,发现智力资本对不同类型企业多重绩效均产生影响。     

Analysts’ Perceptions of Intellectual Capital Information

This study is based on a survey of 324 financial analysts in Japan. The survey concerns analysts’ perceptions of intellectual capital (IC) information and its links to the evaluation of companies. The value relevance of and the access to IC‐related information reveals a large gap on many items. The analysis further shows that the lack of access to information hampers analysts’ use of IC in their evaluation of companies, particularly in their use of human capital measures. Attitudes towards more disclosure and standardisation are mainly driven by perceptions of what generates value in companies.