我国公共卫生支出公平性研究

我国各省、中东西部发展的不平衡可能会造成各地区公共卫生支出的不公平性。本文运用洛伦兹曲线、基尼系数对各省之间的不公平性程度进行有效测度,得出"差距偏大"的结论;运用泰尔指数分析中东西部间公平性的变化趋势,得出公平性在近5年得到改善的结论。最后,本文通过分析地区间公共卫生支出不公平的原因提出完善财政机制、强化中央政府职责的政策建议。     

发达与新兴经济体非常规货币政策工具对比分析及对我国的启示

在面临国际新一轮非常规货币政策溢出效应和国内经济下行的双重压力下,研究我国非常规货币政策具有重要的现实意义。本文归纳了发达经济体非常规货币政策工具类型,并与新兴经济体进行对比分析,结论表明发达经济体更侧重于创新货币政策工具,新兴经济体则侧重于非常规使用传统货币政策工具,值得借鉴的是央行资产负债表规模和结构的改变。     

全球或提前结束紧缩期

一方面,不管是新兴经济体还是发达经济体,均出现明显的增速放缓迹象;另一方面,不断出现的灾难性天气也在一定程度上拖缓央行加息步伐,因此,经历了近一年的加息狂潮后,全球或被迫提前结束“紧缩期”。     

论公共卫生最优支出策略

公共卫生支出具有极强的正外部性.如果由地方政府或私人选择公共卫生支出的水平,那么他们的最优选择是较低的公共卫生支出和较高的个人消费(内含个人医疗支出),整个社会的福利将会处于较低的水平状态.本文在一个动态的框架下分析了发生这种现象的经济学原因,说明中央政府而非地方政府或私人应该对公共卫生的建设承担更大的责任,应由中央政府负责全国公共卫生体系的建设.     

对公共卫生支出的财政思考

公共卫生包括安全饮用水、传染病的防治、病菌传播媒介的控制等,是一种典型的公共产品,具有非排他性和非竞争性的特征。公共卫生提供出来后,如卫生条件的治理和改善,在被某人消费的同时并不排斥其他人的消费,消费者的增加也不会引起边际成本的任何增加。因而对于公共卫生,市场无法或者     

劳动密集型产品出口的历史变迁与未来走向:中国与世界

20世纪80年代以来,在改革开放和外贸体制改革驱动下,中国出口快速增长,并成为全球劳动密集型产品出口大国.然而,随着人口出生率下降、劳动者受教育程度提高、劳动力红利消失,中国劳动密集型产品出口显性优势有所下降.全球经济如何调整以适应中国产业结构升级转型?本文提出三种替代调整机制:一是将劳动密集型产品出口重新分配给新兴经济体,二是对劳动密集型企业进行技术创新以节省劳动力,三是将企业由中国沿海向内地转移.其中,第一种和第三种方案进展缓慢,第二种方案尚未出现.未来在劳动密集型产品出口方面,谁能替代中国仍未可知.     

“金融抑制”回归所带来的影响

"金融抑制"一度是落后的代名词,但次贷危机令各国政府深刻反思,以美国2010年颁布《弗兰克-多德法案》为标志,金融抑制似乎卷土重来。近期我国金融监管风暴不期而至,与全球"金融抑制"的回归不谋而合。历史不会简单重复,全球"金融抑制"回归,但注定跟数十年前不同。金融抑制经历了几个"轮回"?各有哪些特征?21世纪的金融抑制将对经济运行和金融市场产生什么影响?本文将逐一分析。     

关于某专项设备支出的绩效监督

为了解财政专项设备资金支出的实际绩效情况，提高财政专项资金的支出效率，某财政局检查组于2004年7月对H市D区S小学292万元财政专项设备资金的使用及效益情况开展了绩效监督检查。检查采用投入产出法，分析相关收支内容、主要的产出和效益。     

美联储退出非传统货币政策的工具选择与影响

文章在提炼非传统货币政策定义和回顾美联储实践的基础上,分析了菲传统货币政策退出进程中的工具选择,强调退出的总体规划、时机、力度选择的重要性,进而分析退出非传统政策对美国、其他发达经济体、新兴经济体以及中国可能带来的风险。     

关于研发支出的思考

近几年,我国高科技企业如雨后春笋般崛起,企业的研究与开发费用已经占了企业支出的较大份额.2006年我国财政部颁布了新的准则<企业会计准则第6号--无形资产>,新准则对企业的研发支出做出了规定,即区分研究阶段支出与开发阶段.但在实际操作过程中,由于会计人员缺乏科学技术的专业知识,很难划分研究支出与开发支出.使得利润虚增或利润陡减,不符合会计核算的配比原则.新准则同时也增大了企业会计人员操纵利润的空间.但从税收角度来看,新准则下的研发支出会计人员也可以合理的筹划税收,合理避税.     

A Consulting Giant; a Disgruntled Client: A ‘Failed’ Attempt to Change Management Controls in a Public Sector Organisation

There has been very little research into management consulting interventions in public sector organisations, especially in emerging economies. This paper aims to fill this void by narrating the empirics of a consulting assignment carried out by a large international consulting firm in a Pakistani public sector organisation. The study found that consultants’ recommendations of ‘businesslike’ management controls, such as a modern performance measurement system and a ‘state‐of‐the‐art’ information system, were rejected outright by the client management. Employing a critical realist perspective that focuses on the structural conditions facing both the client and the consultants, and on the strategies adopted by both parties, the study aims to explain the empirics of the case. Through structural and strategic analysis, this paper aims to enhance our understanding of the dynamics of management consulting in public sector organisations, especially in emerging economies.     

Are health insurers in multiple lines of business less profitable? An examination of scope economies in health insurance

In markets where companies can offer multiple products or services, production costs may decline, and profitability may increase as business scope expands. Using a sample of health insurers from 2015 to 2018 with data reported in the annual NAIC Supplemental Health Care Exhibit, we test whether scope economies exist among health insurers. We evaluate the relationship between scope and four profitability metrics—the medical loss ratio, the expense ratio, the underwriting profit ratio, and a profit efficiency measure obtained using a data envelopment analysis technique. We test two competing hypotheses from prior literature on scope economies in insurance. The strategic focus hypothesis states performance is higher for insurers that specialize in one line of business. The conglomeration hypothesis states performance is higher for insurers that operate in multiple lines of business. Our results provide evidence in support of the strategic focus hypothesis among US health insurers.     

中国健康保险市场规模实证分析

健康保险是中国医疗保障制度的重要组成部分,健康保险市场规模的扩张使得保险在中国能够更好地发挥经济补偿功能、资金融通功能与社会管理功能。本文借鉴前人的研究成果,利用国内生产总值、社会与个人卫生支出以及健康险保费收入的历年数据,构建误差修正模型(ECM),并寻找社会与个人卫生支出同健康险保费收入之间的数量关系,进而预测分析国内健康保险市场的发展规模、空间及方向。     

医保改革面临挑战

当前,许多国家仍存在医疗服务可得性差、医疗成本高昂、公共卫生支出效率低下等问题,医保改革面临重大挑战。医保改革目标存在两难—既要改善人们的健康状况,又要控制支出成本,因而提高公共卫生支出效率是改善社会健康状况的最优选择。各国政府的干预形式和公共卫生支出水平因国别、时间等的不同而变化。财政状况较好的新兴经济体需在保证财政可持续的前提下扩大基本医保覆盖面;发达经济体则应注重提升公共卫生支出的效率并限制支出增长速度。     

FDI and Economic Development: Evidence from China’s Regional Growth

Abstract:

Using China’s provincial data for 1978–2011, we examine the channels through which foreign direct investment (FDI) affects China’s regional growth and inequality. We find that FDI facilitates growth by enhancing physical and human capital accumulation. FDI also has a negative effect on output growth by crowding out domestic investment, reducing local government revenue, and increasing the opportunity cost of technology innovations. The imbalance of FDI inflows among regions widens the interregional growth gap through its effect on physical capital accumulation and technology progress while it narrows the growth gap by affecting the level of higher education, industrial structure, government revenue, degree of openness, and trade surplus.     

Banking Mergers: The Impact of Financial Liberalization on the Taiwanese Banking Industry

The objective of this paper is to examine the nature of the Taiwanese banking sector and to analyze the impact of financial liberalization on the Taiwanese banking industry. We present empirical evidence to show that the recent wave of bank mergers observed in other countries is also suitable for Taiwan. Based on empirical results for overall economies of scale and expansion path subadditivity, Taiwanese banks should obtain the benefit of scale economies by merging with other banks rather than expanding by opening more branches. Furthermore, we show that the Relative Market Power hypothesis—which postulates that greater market shares lead to higher profitability—finds empirical support in Taiwanese banking data after financial reforms were enacted.     

Public Investment Criteria in Overlapping Generations Models of Open Economies

This paper derives criteria for worthwhile public investment in an overlapping generations model of an “almost small” open economy- an economy with access to external funding at a given interest rate, but with some influence over its temporal terms of trade. If the economy is dynamically efficient (i.e. the interest rate exceeds the growth rate), committed to free trade, public investment is debt financed and lump sum taxes are feasible, two results follow. First, the “social opportunity cost of public funds” will exceed the government's borrowing rate because of the adverse effect of government borrowing on the terms of trade. Second, the marginal rate of return on worthwhile public investment will be greater than the social opportunity cost of public funds if public and private investment are complements (substitutes) and the tax on capital is below (above) the rate that minimizes the steady state burden of servicing the debt. JEL Code: F21, H43