场外金融衍生品市场监管的国际实践与启示

近年来,全球场外金融衍生品交易的快速发展及次贷危机的爆发暴露出场外金融衍生品市场监管的缺陷和风险管理的不足。我国场外金融衍生品市场尚处于发展初期,如何构建有效的监管体系确保市场健康发展成为我国金融市场建设中面临的重要问题。该文立足于当今国际场外衍生品市场的监管实践,以次贷危机为视角分析场外衍生品市场监管体系的薄弱、不足及将来的监管动向,在此基础上提出了我国场外衍生品市场监管的政策建议。     

从国际比较中选择我国金融衍生品市场监管模式

随着我国金融衍生品市场逐步发展,金融机构和企业对金融衍生产品市场的参与程度正日益加深,探讨金融衍生产品市场的监管问题非常必要。本文拟通过借鉴发达国家监管模式,结合我国金融衍生品市场发展现状,尝试探讨适合我国金融衍生品市场发展的监管模式。     

金融衍生品市场的监管困境与管制安排——基于强制性制度变迁视角

作为金融自由化和创新的产物,金融衍生产品具有衍生性、杠杆性、风险性、复杂性和隐蔽性等基本特征,对现行监管模式产生冲击。目前,我国处于金融衍生品市场发展起步阶段,应从国内外案例中吸取教训,借鉴国际上成功的监管模式,结合现实国情,未雨绸缪,基于强制性制度变迁视角作出我国金融衍生品市场的管制安排。     

金融衍生品市场的监管困境与管制安排——基于强制性制度变迁视角

作为金融自由化和创新的产物,金融衍生产品具有衍生性、杠杆性、风险性、复杂性和隐蔽性等基本特征,对现行监管模式产生冲击。目前,我国处于金融衍生品市场发展起步阶段,应从国内外案例中吸取教训,借鉴国际上成功的监管模式,结合现实国情,未雨绸缪,基于强制性制度变迁视角作出我国金融衍生品市场的管制安排。     

美国次贷危机对完善我国金融衍生品市场监管的启示

近年来，全球金融衍生品交易的快速发展及美国次贷危机的爆发暴露出金融衍生品市场监管的缺陷和风险管理的不足。我国金融衍生品市场尚处于发展初期，如何构建有效的监管体系，确保市场健康发展成为我国金融市场建设中面临的重要问题。本文立足于当今国际金融衍生品市场的监管实践，以次贷危机为视角分析国际金融衍生品市场监管体系的不足及未来的监管动向．在此基础上提出了完善我国金融衍生品市场监管相应的对策建议。     

我国场外金融衍生品市场监管的现状及其改革路径

目前,我国场外金融衍生品市场发展迅速,但随着其快速的发展,一些问题也随之产生,因此需要大力加强我国对场外金融衍生品市场的监管力度。以下将首先概述我国场外金融衍生品市场的监管体系和存在的问题,然后对国外现存的金融监管模式进行说明,最后分析我国监管体系的改革路径。     

中资企业金融衍生品投资困境与对策研究

由于中资企业存在投机牟利思想,金融衍生品合约本身存在缺陷,金融衍生品投资监管缺位,以及企业缺乏金融定价权,使得中资企业在金融衍生品投资方面出现了重大失误。为了应对这种投资困境,从近期来看,中资企业应尽量选择场内交易,杜绝投机牟利思想。金融监管机构和国资管理部门也要加强监管。从中长期来看,我国应高度重视金融业的发展,提升金融业的战略地位,在国际金融市场夺取一定的金融定价权,使人民币成为国际储备货币,并加强中国的金融衍生品市场建设。     

完善我国场外金融衍生品市场监管的对策研究

伴随着我国场外金融衍生品市场的快速发展,完善对其监管显得日益重要.本文基于对我国场外金融衍生品市场发展及监管现状的分析,针对监管中存在的问题,提出相应对策.     

浅析金融衍生品监管失灵

金融衍生品市场失灵是政府监管当局干预衍生品市场的根本依据,但政府对金融衍生品市场的监管也未必是万能的,同样面临着失灵的风险。本文首先分析了一下金融衍生品监管失灵的几种常见表现,然后就治理金融衍生品市场失灵和政府衍生监管失灵做了些思考。     

美国信用衍生品交易监管立法及对我国的启示

本文论述信用衍生品主要类别、积极作用及交易蕴含风险,分析评价了2010年7月美国国会通过的包含信用衍生品在内的金融衍生品交易监管立法。我国监管层也有推出信用衍生品的计划,并于2010年11月开始市场试点,在此背景下作者对构建我国信用衍生品监管法律制度提出若干建议:加快制定包括信用衍生品在内的统一的金融衍生品交易监管法,为市场发展奠定法律基础;完善金融监管协调机制;尽快出台相关立法或司法解释以解决《中国银行间市场金融衍生产品交易主协议》有关规定与现行法律冲突的问题;适时修改监管规则以鼓励金融机构更多采用信用衍生品管理风险;逐步引进集中清算方式;改进信用衍生品监管信息披露要求。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.     

浅议金融机构的举证责任

金融纠纷案件是当事人以存单或进账单、对账单、存款合同、保险单、票据、证券等凭证为主要证据向人民法院提出诉讼的案件,对于不同种类金融纠纷的当事人的举证责任,我国现行的金融法律、法规及司法解释有不同的规定。由于金融机构的特殊法律地位,发生金融纠纷时存在有关当事人将最后偿付风险转移给金融机构承担的主观故意,在客观上会使金融机构难以提供相应的证据来对抗不法债权人的诉讼请求,而导致金融机构败诉。为此,对金融诉讼案件中金融机构的举证责任加以研究具有重要的实践意义。     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.