信息披露质量与资本市场估值偏误

资本市场估值偏误阻碍了证券市场的健康发展。信息不对称是导致上市公司市场价值长期偏离内在价值的根本原因,因此信息披露行为对资本市场估值偏误的影响值得研究。采用剩余收益模型(RIM)估计上市公司内在价值,在此基础上构建度量资本市场估值偏误的代理变量,并采用KV度量法从总体上考察上市公司信息披露质量,本文检验了信息披露行为对资本市场估值偏误的影响。本文研究发现上市公司市场价值对其内在价值的偏离程度与信息披露质量显著负相关;进一步的研究表明,信息披露修正资本市场估值偏误的主要途径,是降低市值高估公司的市场价值泡沫。     

公司产品市场竞争与资本结构关系研究——基于造纸印刷类上市公司的分析

Brander&Lewis(1986)研究了公司资本结构对于产品市场行为的影响,首次将产业组织理论和公司金融理论融合起来。后续的研究发现:资本结构决策与产品市场竞争行为之间存在互动关系。资本结构能影响企业产品市场竞争绩效,而产品市场竞争又反过来影响公司资本结构的选择。本文通过借鉴Camapello模型,对我国造纸印刷类上市公司2005-2009年的面板数据进行实证分析;结果发现,我国上市公司市场竞争力与资产结构之间的回归系数为正,但不显著。     

中美资本市场财富效应比较研究

本文从股利支付和资本利得的角度对比分析了中美资本市场财富效应水平,并对其影响因素展开分析。研究发现,我国资本市场财富效应不够显著,A股上市公司虽然具有较高的股利支付倾向,但股利支付率和资本利得属性较弱;股利支付行为迎合监管动机较强,融资分红特征明显,股票股利支付行为具有高送转特征;资本市场估值中枢下移,指数波动性较高,资本利得属性较差。美股上市公司虽然股利支付意愿不及A股,但股利支付率和资本利得属性较强,且上市公司不存在明显的融资分红倾向。基于此,本文从控股股东属性、企业生命周期、管理层侵占行为、宏观经济和资本市场环境四个维度对A股市场财富效应水平展开深入探讨,并从提升公司质量、改善盈利能力、调整投资者结构、加强市场建设、优化股利监管制度五方面提出了改善我国资本市场财富效应的政策建议。     

市场时机对我国上市公司并购融资行为的影响

全流通格局开启了我国上市公司并购融资多元化的时代。在国内研究中,鲜有基于股权分置改革来研究市场时机对我国上市公司并购融资行为的影响。因此,本文以外部融资加权平均市账比作为市场时机的代理变量,通过建立Tobit模型进行实证检验与分析,发现在股票市场全流通的背景下,市场时机对上市公司并购融资行为具有显著的影响,但这种影响持续性很短,大约为3年。同时检验结果表明,市场时机、盈利能力对公司债务杠杆的影响在长期内会发生逆转。     

中国上市公司资本结构的长期动态调整

本文基于资本结构理论和实证研究的最新成果,构建一个综合反映影响公司资本结构决策各种因素的模型,通过两阶段回归,刻画我国上市公司资本结构长期动态调整的轨迹。我们首先利用Tobit模型预测公司目标资本结构,然后利用局部调整模型综合检验公司资金缺口、市场时机、股价变化、目标缺口和目标资本结构变化如何影响公司资本结构的动态调整。研究发现资金缺口、市场时机和股价变化确实导致公司偏离目标资本结构,其中,资金缺口的影响最大。但是,它们在随后阶段产生了反转效应。实证结果表明,尽管公司的历史显著地影响了它们的资本结构,但经过一段时间,公司的资本结构会趋近于其动态的目标资本结构,公司资本结构变化的决定性因素是目标资本结构。     

资本结构影响因素和双向效应动态模型——来自中国上市公司面板数据的证据

根据不同解释理论分析了影响资本结构公司特征因素,构建双向效应动态模型,采用中国非金融上市公司面板数据,从动态视角研究了公司特征因素如何影响资本结构选择。研究发现,宏观经济因素显著地影响资本结构决策;交易成本是影响资本结构选择的一个因素,但中国的交易成本小于美国、英国等发达国家;资产有形性、规模、独特性与杠杆正相关;成长性、资产流动性与杠杆负相关;非债务税盾与杠杆的关系不显著;产生内部资源能力与杠杆负相关,且这是由信息不对称造成的。     

市场时机、海外上市与中概股回归——基于分众传媒的案例研究

公司融资择时行为是学术界广为关注的研究话题,然而已有研究大多关注公司在单一资本市场上的资本结构调整,较少结合多个资本市场对公司选择上市地点和上市方式实施融资的话题进行系统研究。本文以分众传媒为案例研究对象,从市场时机视角考察其海外上市、私有化退市以及在中国资本市场反向收购行为,构建了基于市场时机视角公司上市地点与上市方式选择的理论分析框架。本文的研究结论拓展了市场时机理论与公司融资行为领域的研究视野,同时也为上市公司在多个资本市场实施资本运营提供决策参考。     

权益融资市场择机对上市公司资本结构影响分析——基于中国A股市场的实证检验

本文利用中国A股市场数据对市场择机理论进行了研究,研究发现中国A股市场的确存在市场择机的现象,上市公司会利用市场时机采取权益融资手段获取额外的收益,降低了公司杠杆率。但本文的研究结果显示市场择机对资本结构的影响仅为短期的影响,对资本结构的长期影响并不显著。     

权益融资市场择机对上市公司资本结构影响分析——基于中国A股市场的实证检验

本文利用中国A股市场数据对市场择机理论进行了研究,研究发现中国A股市场的确存在市场择机的现象,上市公司会利用市场时机采取权益融资手段获取额外的收益,降低了公司杠杆率。但本文的研究结果显示市场择机对资本结构的影响仅为短期的影响,对资本结构的长期影响并不显著。     

资本结构与公司业绩相关性研究

与主板上市公司相比,创业板上市公司的资本结构较为独特,它通过影响公司治理结构、公司发展战略、经营行为,最终对公司的业绩水平产生影响。鉴于此,对资本结构进行合理优化,可以提高创业板上市公司的治理水平,最终提高公司业绩。本文以创业板358家上市公司2013年的年报数据为研究对象,在对资本结构与公司业绩进行理论分析的基础上,通过构建模型,以资产负债率来衡量公司资本结构,以净资产收益率来衡量公司业绩,借以探讨二者之间的相关性。实证结果表明我国创业板上市公司资产负债率与公司业绩显著负相关;资产规模、营业收入增长率、总资产周转率与公司业绩显著正相关。本文的实证研究对创业板上市公司资本结构的合理优化具有一定的参考意义。     

中国上市公司融资选择的市场时机效应——基于股票换手率和股票收益的实证检验

自从市场时机资本结构理论提出以来，国内外学者从理论的解释能力和实用性等方面对这一新兴融资决策理论进行了大量研究，并得出许多有意义的结论。然而目前的实证检验主要基于市值账面比（M／B）指标作为市场时机代理变量，这一指标引起学者们很大争议，研究结论缺乏可靠性。本文根据我国资本市场实际特征选择股票换手率作为市场时机代理变量，实证检验了市场时机与外部融资方式选择的关系，同时引入股票收益变量检验市场时机对资本结构动态变动的综合影响。研究结论显示，换手率在企业权益融资中具有重要作用，换手率较高时企业选择发行更多的股权融资，股票换手率和股票收益均对资本结构变动具有显著的负向影响。这表明我国上市公司确实存在着融资选择的市场时机效应。     

When Do Listed Firms Pay for Market Making in Their Own Stock?

A recent innovation in the equity markets is the introduction of market maker services procured by the listed companies themselves. Using data from the Oslo Stock Exchange, we investigate what motivates issuing firms to pay to improve the secondary market liquidity of their listed shares. By examining the timing of market maker hirings relative to corporate events, we show that hirings are more likely when the firm will interact with the capital markets in the near future. Futhermore, a typical firm employing a designated market maker is more likely to raise capital, repurchase shares, or experience an exit by insiders.     

‘Hot’ Debt Markets and Capital Structure

This paper examines the motives of debt issuance during hot‐debt market periods and its impact on capital structure over the period 1970–2006. We find that perceived capital market conditions as favourable, an indication of market timing, and adverse selection costs of equity (i.e., information asymmetry) are important frictions that lead certain firms to issue more debt in hot‐ than cold‐debt market periods. Using alternative hot‐debt market issuance measures and controlling for other effects, such as structural shifts in the debt market, industry, book‐to‐market, price‐to‐earnings, size, tax rates, debt market conditions and adjustment costs based on debt credit ratings, we find that firms with high adverse selection costs issue substantially more (less) debt when market conditions are perceived as hot (cold). Moreover, the results indicate that there is a persistent hot‐debt market effect on the capital structure of debt issuers; hot‐debt market issuing firms do not actively rebalance their leverage to stay within an optimal capital structure range.     

How Persistent Is the Impact of Market Timing on Capital Structure?

This paper examines the capital structure implications of market timing. I isolate timing attempts in a single major financing event, the initial public offering, by identifying market timers as firms that go public in hot issue markets. I find that hot‐market IPO firms issue substantially more equity, and lower their leverage ratios by more, than cold‐market firms do. However, immediately after going public, hot‐market firms increase their leverage ratios by issuing more debt and less equity relative to cold‐market firms. At the end of the second year following the IPO, the impact of market timing on leverage completely vanishes.     

Capital structure policies in Europe: Survey evidence

In this paper we present the results of an international survey among 313 CFOs on capital structure choice. We document several interesting insights on how theoretical concepts are being applied by professionals in the UK, the Netherlands, Germany, and France and we directly compare our results with previous findings from the US our results emphasize the presence of pecking-order behavior. At the same time this behavior is not driven by asymmetric information considerations. The static trade-off theory is confirmed by the importance of a target debt ratio in general, but also specifically by tax effects and bankruptcy costs. Overall, we find remarkably low disparities across countries, despite the presence of significant institutional differences. We find that private firms differ in many respects from publicly listed firms, e.g. listed firms use their stock price for the timing of new issues. Finally, we do not find substantial evidence that agency problems are important in capital structure choice.     

The impact of culture on market timing in capital structure choices

This study uses Hofstede's (2001) cultural dimensions to investigate the impact of market reception on capital structure. We examine the interaction of these dimensions with stock returns, our proxy for market timing. Based on our market leverage results, we find evidence that firms do engage in market timing by reducing their leverage ratios when their share prices increase. Furthermore, we find that firms in countries with high uncertainty avoidance and high power distance have lower market leverage ratios and that these cultural dimensions serve to reduce the impact of market timing. These results are consistent for developed markets but mixed for emerging markets. On a book leverage basis, the results are generally consistent but less conclusive. To the extent that culture impacts manager perception of risk and investor reception of newly issued shares, we conclude that cultural dimensions impact the degree to which a firm can modify its capital structure to take advantage of perceived market mispricings.     

Does preventive regulation reduce stock price synchronicity? Evidence from Chinese annual report comment letters

Based on a sample of Chinese A-share listed firms from 2015 to 2018, this paper studies the impact of annual report comment letters (ARCLs) on firm stock price synchronicity. We find that after firms receive ARCLs, their stock price synchronicity decreases. Moreover, the longer the ARCLs and the more negative the ARCLs’ tone, the lower the resulting stock price synchronicity. The mechanism test shows that after firms receive ARCLs, the firms’ information disclosure increases in quantity and quality, external media attention increases, and the firms’ governance improves, reducing their stock price synchronicity. Further research shows that this negative association is more significant in firms with higher information asymmetry. This paper shows that the ARCL, an innovative application of the capital market supervision philosophy, is conducive to improving the quality of listed firms and to the healthy development of the capital market.     

An Analysis of the Financing Decisions of REITs: The Role of Market Timing and Target Leverage

This paper examines the role of capital market conditions and target leverage on the marginal financing decisions of Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs), which include both capital raising and capital reduction activities. We investigate the relevance of a hybrid hypothesis whereby REITs have target leverage, but they also choose and time their marginal financing decisions according to the capital market conditions. The empirical results suggest that target leverage behavior plays a secondary role to market timing behavior in the financing decisions of REITs. In particular, we find strong and consistent evidence that REITs exhibit market timing behavior in terms of when and what type of capital to issue or reduce. Such market timing practices, motivated by attempts to take advantage of capital market conditions, may shift the firms away from their target leverage. However, we observe that in the long run, most REITs do move their capital structure towards the target debt level.     

Equity market timing and capital structure: International evidence

We investigate the equity market timing hypothesis of capital structure in major industrialized (G-7) countries. As claimed by its proponents, we find that leverage of firms is negatively related to the historical market-to-book ratio in all G-7 countries. However, this negative relationship cannot be attributed to equity market timing. We find no association between equity issues and market-to-book ratios at the time of equity financing decisions by Japanese firms. Firms in all G-7 countries, except Japan, undo the effect of equity issuance and the impact of equity market timing attempts on leverage is short lived. This is inconsistent with the prediction of the equity market timing hypothesis and more in line with dynamic trade-off model.