首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
杨美 《河北金融》2011,(11):61-64
针对近几年来农业巨灾频繁发生、损失影响较大的问题,本文在分析农业保险等传统巨灾风险管理工具使用现状及劣势的基础上,提出我国应积极发展农业保险再保险、农业巨灾风险基金、农业巨灾证券和指数保险等新型农业巨灾风险管理工具,以进一步有效分散农业生产过程中面临的巨灾风险.  相似文献   

2.
"边挂车"是兴起于百慕大地区、流行于美国的一种创新型巨灾风险管理工具,针对巨灾风险分保具有很强的适应性。本文简要述评了"边挂车"业务的发展状况、基本原理和主要特点,比较了"边挂车"与普通巨灾再保险、巨灾债券以及行业损失担保等巨灾金融工具之间的异同,并结合现状对该业务在中国的未来发展做了展望。  相似文献   

3.
我国是自然灾害种类多、频率高、损失大的国家。对巨灾保险需求很大,但是由于巨灾的特性,给保险公司带来的风险极大,因此对巨灾再保险有很大需求。通过建立资产、负债和利率模型,根据我国洪水、暴雨损失程度和频率拟合关系式,采用蒙特卡罗模拟分别计算有无违约风险和发行巨灾债券的巨灾再保险费率。通过计算结果看出,发行巨灾债券能够降低违约风险,提高巨灾再保险费率,增加巨灾再保险合同的价值。同时,还考虑了资产负债比、免赔额、债券价值与负债占比对巨灾再保险费率的影响并得到合理结果。本文根据我国洪水、暴雨实际发生情况,从资产负债管理视角研究巨灾再保险定价问题,对于开展适合中国国情的巨灾再保险具有理论指导意义。  相似文献   

4.
田帆 《中国保险》2014,(5):42-45
巨灾债券是发行收益与指定的巨灾损失相连接的债券,它与行业损失担保、应急资本、巨灾期货等同属保险连接证券的一种。巨灾债券是利用市场化机制将集聚的风险从保险市场分散到资本市场的有效途径,不仅有助于提升保险公司的承保能力,也有助于提升政府部门的灾害补偿能力。面对我国自然灾害频发、地方政府财力有限的现状,将保险连接证券纳入多层次巨灾保险体系,有着较强的现实意义。  相似文献   

5.
岳婷  宁纪桦  范明月 《中国外资》2013,(16):255-258
我国一直实行各级政府为主导、以国家财政救济和社会捐助为主的巨灾救济制度,目前来看尽管该制度仍发挥着巨大的作用,但长远已不适应市场经济条件下我国灾害预防、救助和恢复灾后重建的需要。本文通过对我国已发生的巨灾损失数据分析论述了我国建立巨灾保险再保险体系的重要性,深入探讨了目前国际通用的巨灾风险分散机制,创新性设计了多层次免赔额和多层次的超赔再保险,并提出了共保体的概念,在对我国创建高效多层次的巨灾保险再保险体系作了有益的探讨。  相似文献   

6.
自然灾害的频繁发生所造成的损失逐年攀升.对于巨灾损失我国政府已习惯于采取财政的手段来应对一个个非预期的巨额窟窿,这在一定程度上影响了我国经济的健康可持续发展、社会稳定和国家安全.鉴于世界其他国家应对巨灾采取的再保险措施,我国政府可根据我国政治体制和法律完善程度来建立再保险市场,利用市场来分散巨灾风险,而非利用财政与自然...  相似文献   

7.
本文根据Cummins et al(2002)的反应函数模型对我国财产保险公司2009~2013年的巨灾风险赔付效率进行了测算,并对影响保险公司应对巨灾风险能力差异的因素进行了分析。我们发现尽管我国财险市场有了较快的发展,但对巨灾风险的覆盖能力依然较弱,尤其是对极端情况下的巨灾损失覆盖效率较低。应对巨灾能力差异的因素包括保险公司的实际赔付率、承保风险、权益资本、再保险的利用率、公司规模等。我们还发现“偿二代”一方面能促进风险管理水平高的公司释放更多资本金,另一方面能促使风险管理水平较低的公司调整业务结构、提高风险管理水平,从而增加全行业应对巨灾风险的能力。  相似文献   

8.
中国社会已步入一个历史性的风险高度累积的发展阶段,在这样的环境中,以损失补偿为主要功能的财产保险业是否有足够的损失赔付能力就成为一个不能不考虑的重要问题。本文基于Cummins,Doherty和Anita(2002)的保险赔付能力度量模型,引入1998年~2007年中国保险业经营数据,在改进后的损失对数正态分布假设下,对2007年年末时点上在中国大陆经营财产保险业务的39家保险公司以及全行业整体巨灾损失赔付能力进行了实证分析。结果显示,在800亿到2000亿元的巨灾损失区间内,中国财产保险业的赔付效率在68.36%以上,全行业巨灾赔付能力缺口巨大,且损失幅度越大短缺的幅度越大。本文认为,造成这种赔付能力短缺的主要原因在于全行业资本与盈余的低水平以及再保险市场发展的严重滞后。  相似文献   

9.
日本巨震对我国建立巨灾保险体制的启示   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
9级大地震给日本带来了巨大的经济损失,巨灾再保险体制正在发挥作用。而在我国这样一个巨灾频发且损失严重的国家,巨灾保险严重缺失,巨灾损失补偿模式局限于政府的无偿赈灾与救济,保险和再保险业的承保能力十分有限,建立完善的巨灾保险体制己势在必行。本文在借鉴国外巨灾保险的先进经验基础上,并结合我国的实际情况,对建立我国的巨灾保险体制提出了一些具体的建议。  相似文献   

10.
在我国,农业遭受的自然灾害较为严重,灾害种类多样,受灾范围广泛,其中带来的损失十分严重的灾害主要是地震、洪水、台风这三类巨灾.但是目前我国尚未建立起有效的农业巨灾损失补偿机制,通过建立农业巨灾保险体系箭在弦上.农业巨灾保险对保护广大农民的利益,维持国家经济稳定有着积极的作用.但是我国农业巨灾保险还存在着有效需求不足,立法不完善,政府财政补贴不足,保险市场与再保险市场不完善等问题.本文认为我国可以建立以政府为主导政府和市场相结合的中国农业巨灾保险模式,同时可以加强立法,增加政府财政支持,建立农业巨灾保险基金,研究农业巨灾保险资本产品,促使农业巨灾再保险市场的大力发展,这样可以促进农业巨灾保险在我国的发展与完善.  相似文献   

11.
In recent years, industry loss warranties (ILWs) have become increasingly popular in the reinsurance market. The defining feature of ILW contracts is their dependence on an industry loss index. The use of an index reduces moral hazard and generally results in lower prices compared to traditional, purely indemnity-based reinsurance contracts. However, use of the index also introduces basis risk since the industry loss and the reinsured company’s loss are usually not fully correlated. The aim of this paper is to simultaneously examine basis risk and pricing of an indemnity-based industry loss warranty contract, which is done by comparing actuarial and financial pricing approaches for different measures of basis risk. Our numerical results show that modification of the contract parameters to reduce basis risk can either raise or lower prices, depending on the specific parameter choice. For instance, basis risk can be reduced by decreasing the industry loss trigger, which implies higher prices, or by increasing the reinsured company attachment, thus inducing lower prices.  相似文献   

12.
In this article, we study an optimal reinsurance model from the perspective of an insurer who has a general mean-variance preference. In order to reduce ex post moral hazard, we assume that both parties in a reinsurance contract are obligated to pay more for a larger realization of loss. We further assume that the reinsurance premium is calculated only based on the mean and variance of the indemnity. This class of premium principles is quite general in the sense that it includes many widely used premium principles such as expected value, mean value, variance, and standard deviation principles. Moreover, to protect the insurer's profit, a lower bound is imposed on its expected return. We show that any admissible reinsurance policy is dominated by a change-loss reinsurance or a dual change-loss reinsurance, depending upon the coefficient of variation of the ceded loss. Further, the change-loss reinsurance is shown to be optimal if the premium loading increases in the actuarial value of the coverage; while it becomes decreasing, the optimal reinsurance policy is in the form of dual change loss. As a result, the quota-share reinsurance is always optimal for any variance-related reinsurance premium principle. Finally, some numerical examples are applied to illustrate the applicability of the theoretical results.  相似文献   

13.
利用三阶段 DEA 模型对我国再保险市场上的8家再保险公司2007~2012年的效率进行研究,发现就整体而言其纯技术效率较高,但是由于规模效率较低导致其技术效率不高;规模的不经济是造成其资源浪费、技术效率较低的原因,而不是因为经营管理水平较差。从公司性质的角度来看,外资再保险公司的规模效率要远远差于中资再保险公司,而其纯技术效率与中资再保险公司无显著性差异。  相似文献   

14.
In this article, an optimal reinsurance problem is formulated from the perspective of an insurer, with the objective of minimizing the risk-adjusted value of its liability where the valuation is carried out by a cost-of-capital approach and the capital at risk is calculated by either the value-at-risk (VaR) or conditional value-at-risk (CVaR). In our reinsurance arrangement, we also assume that both insurer and reinsurer are obligated to pay more for a larger realization of loss as a way of reducing ex post moral hazard. A key contribution of this article is to expand the research on optimal reinsurance by deriving explicit optimal reinsurance solutions under an economic premium principle. It is a rather general class of premium principles that includes many weighted premium principles as special cases. The advantage of adopting such a premium principle is that the resulting reinsurance premium depends not only on the risk ceded but also on a market economic factor that reflects the market environment or the risk the reinsurer is facing. This feature appears to be more consistent with the reinsurance market. We show that the optimal reinsurance policies are piecewise linear under both VaR and CVaR risk measures. While the structures of optimal reinsurance solutions are the same for both risk measures, we also formally show that there are some significant differences, particularly on the managing tail risk. Because of the integration of the market factor (via the reinsurance pricing) into the optimal reinsurance model, some new insights on the optimal reinsurance design could be gleaned, which would otherwise be impossible for many of the existing models. For example, the market factor has a nontrivial effect on the optimal reinsurance, which is greatly influenced by the changes of the joint distribution of the market factor and the loss. Finally, under an additional assumption that the market factor and the loss have a copula with quadratic sections, we demonstrate that the optimal reinsurance policies admit relatively simple forms to foster the applicability of our theoretical results, and a numerical example is presented to further highlight our results.  相似文献   

15.
This article attempts to identify moral hazard in the traditional reinsurance market. We build a multiperiod principal–agent model of the reinsurance transaction from which we derive predictions on premium design, monitoring, loss control, and insurer risk retention. We then use panel data on U.S. property liability reinsurance to test the model. The empirical results are consistent with the model's predictions. In particular, we find evidence for the use of loss‐sensitive premiums when the insurer and reinsurer are not affiliates (i.e., not part of the same financial group), but little or no use of monitoring. In contrast, we find evidence for the extensive use of monitoring when the insurer and reinsurer are affiliates, where monitoring costs are lower.  相似文献   

16.
This paper analyzes the impact of issue costs on firm investment and dividend policies within the context of the two-period Fisher model. Consistent with its pedagogical tone, the paper illustrates graphically the loss in value stemming from a high dividend payout by a firm subject to issue costs in its external financing. Two components compose the overall loss in value. The “substitution effect” results from a shift in the investment opportunity set, while the “wealth effect” stems from the loss in value owing to issue costs. The paper suggests that the firm, when increasing its dividend payout, must weigh the marginal loss in firm value against the offsetting benefits, which may take the form of reduced monitoring costs.  相似文献   

17.
本文在对我国产险公司再保险需求影响因素分析的基础上,选取1997年~2010年影响我国产险公司的宏观经济数据与内部企业数据,利用BP神经网络构建模型,对我国产险公司再保险需求进行拟合及测试(预测)分析,并采用MIV方法对各个变量进行相关性分析。本文实证研究结果表明,外部宏观经济因素对我国产险公司再保险需求影响较大,而内部因素影响效果不明显,我国产险公司再保险整体表现出"有效需求不足"的现象。  相似文献   

18.
The quest for optimal reinsurance design has remained an interesting problem among insurers, reinsurers, and academicians. An appropriate use of reinsurance could reduce the underwriting risk of an insurer and thereby enhance its value. This paper complements the existing research on optimal reinsurance by proposing another model for the determination of the optimal reinsurance design. The problem is formulated as a constrained optimization problem with the objective of minimizing the value-at-risk of the net risk of the insurer while subjecting to a profitability constraint. The proposed optimal reinsurance model, therefore, has the advantage of exploiting the classical tradeoff between risk and reward. Under the additional assumptions that the reinsurance premium is determined by the expectation premium principle and the ceded loss function is confined to a class of increasing and convex functions, explicit solutions are derived. Depending on the risk measure's level of confidence, the safety loading for the reinsurance premium, and the expected profit guaranteed for the insurer, we establish conditions for the existence of reinsurance. When it is optimal to cede the insurer's risk, the optimal reinsurance design could be in the form of pure stop-loss reinsurance, quota-share reinsurance, or a combination of stop-loss and quota-share reinsurance.  相似文献   

19.
Financial Innovation in the Management of Catastrophe Risk   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Like the preceding article, this article argues that the high costs of reinsurance present the opportunity for hedging instruments to be offered to primary insurers that are both competitive with current reinsurance and that offer investors high rates of return. But the combination of high reinsurance premiums and the vast capacity of the capital market for diversification is not sufficient to ensure the success of these new instruments. If new instruments such as catastrophe options and catastrophelinked bonds are to compete successfully with reinsurance, they must provide a cost-effective means of resolving incentive conflicts between the primary insurer and the ultimate risk bearer that are known as "moral hazard." Without an effective solution of this moral hazard problem, the use of past insurance loss data to estimate the potential returns for purchasers of catastrophe bonds and other such instruments will be misleading and unreliable.
As the author demonstrates, both traditional reinsurance and each of the new catastrophe hedging instruments presents insurance companies and other hedgers with the challenge of managing a different combination of moral hazard, credit risk, and basis risk. For example, traditional catastrophe reinsurance is subject to significant credit risk and moral hazard, but little if any basis risk. By contrast, both catastrophe options and bonds can be designed in ways that reduce moral hazard and credit risk, but at the cost of taking on some basis risk. The risk manager's task in such circumstances is to design an instrument that embodies the optimal, or cost-minimizing, trade-off among these three sources of risk.  相似文献   

20.
This article investigates optimal reinsurance treaties minimizing an insurer’s risk-adjusted liability, which encompasses a risk margin quantified by distortion risk measures. Via the introduction of a transparent cost-benefit argument, we extend the results in Cui et al. [Cui, W., Yang, J. & Wu, L. (2013). Optimal reinsurance minimizing the distortion risk measure under general reinsurance premium principles. Insurance: Mathematics and Economics 53, 74–85] and provide full characterizations on the set of optimal reinsurance treaties within the class of non-decreasing, 1-Lipschitz functions. Unlike conventional studies, our results address the issue of (non-)uniqueness of optimal solutions and indicate that ceded loss functions beyond the traditional insurance layers can be optimal in some cases. The usefulness of our novel cost-benefit approach is further demonstrated by readily solving the dual problem of minimizing the reinsurance premium while maintaining the risk-adjusted liability below a fixed tolerance level.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号