关于建立南宁区域票据清算体系的探讨

一、南宁辖区同城票据清算的作法和存在的问题 (一)南宁辖区同城票据清算的作法 同城票据清算是指在同一城市(或区域)范围内的各商业银行,相互交换代收、代付票据,并清算资金的业务活动.1987年,由人民银行南宁分行牵头正式建立南宁市金融系统同城票据交换所,参加交换的单位是南宁市各家专业银行,手工交换票据、手工清算资金.1989年,人民银行南宁分行自行开发了<同城票据交换系统>,采用磁盘提出交换数据和通过计算机清算差额,提高了票据交换差额的清算速度,但并未从根本上提高票据的抵用率.2000年,人民银行南宁中心支行对原<同城票据交换系统>进行升级改造,改造后的系统更名为<南宁市同城票据清算系统>.     

厦门市资金清算系统的实现

资金清算包括同城资金清算、与电子联行系统的天地对接及异地手工联行的同城交换等业务处理，其目的是加快资金周转，提高资金抵用率，强化金融监管。随着计算机网络技术的日益发展和普及，利用先进的通讯、网络和计算机技术，实现银行资金清算，对辖区经济稳定、快速、健康发展起着重要的作用。厦门市资金清算系统是由人民银行厦门市中心支行自行研制、开发，应用于辖区内金融机构票据交换清算业务，实现票据电子数据的交换、清算、实时透支控制等功能的业务处理系统。在该系统中，各交换行每天将业务票据输入，产生票据提出数据，提出到中…     

新一代票据清分系统在人民银行电子结算中心的应用方案

一、项目背景 同城票据清分系统是支付清算体系的重要组成部分,是人民银行分支机构履行同城清算服务职责的重要体现.票据清分系统的安全、稳定运行,对加速社会资金周转,满足当地银行业金融机构同城票据交换与资金清算服务需要发挥着重要作用.     

充分认识票据交换风险积极防范和化解风险

资金清算工作是人民银行的一项重要工作、各级人民银行要在当地组织同城票据交换，以完成同城资金清算工作。防范同城票据交换风险，票据交换员的工作是重中之重，因为票据交换的风险主要以票据交换员为载体。本文着重对票据交换员的风险防范进行探讨。     

同城票据电子清算系统方案

同城票据电子清算系统方案人民银行福建省分行科技处陈金扬同城票据交换是一种金融业务,主要处理同一城市内各金融机构间的票据交换,实现同城跨行的资金结算与清算,方便客户,提高金融服务质量。一般地说,同城票据交换是由当地人民银行组织实施,在一个指定的地点（称...     

县级同城票据交换中存在的问题及建议

县级同城票据交换场次少、交换时间安排不合理,影响客户资金及时到位。由于人民银行实行会汁集中核算后,国库业务从会计业务中分离出来,直接参与同城票据交换,按规定其行、库第一场同城票据交换差额清算必须当日上午完毕并将信息发送到核算中心。为了清算上的方便,有些业务量少的地方每日只做第一场次同城票据交换,而客户当日下午提交的票据次日才能提出交换,客观上影响了票据传递速度和客户资金到位。     

同城票据清算和天地对接系统的设计与实现

一、电子同城清算系统 平顶山市电子同城清算系统是用于处理各个专业行之间跨行业务的清算系统。它采用适时处理的方式进行清算业务处理,使全市各金融机构之间跨系统的业务往来达到及时、准确、高效的处理,使全市150多个网点的同城票据清算在15秒内完成,达到了实地清算的目标,提高了同城票据交换、清算业务的效率和资金抵用率。     

支付清算风险成因及防范措施

长期以来,维护支付清算系统的稳定运行,一直是中央银行的重要管理职责。目前,我国的支付清算系统主要分为商业银行行内资金汇划系统、中国现代化支付系统和同城票据交换三部分内容。而与人民银行自身资金安全有着直接联系的就是现代化支付系统和同城票据交换。这两大系统在运行中存在着一些风险应引起我们高度重视。一、现阶段支付清算工作中存在的风险1.清算风险。清算风险是银行在清算同城票据交换或系统内联行资金过程中产生的风险。主要表现为两大类:一类是同城清算和联行清算所产生的内部风险。这类风险主要表现为同城票据交换暂收、暂…     

取消同城票据交换带来的问题及建议

为充分发挥辖区现代化支付系统功能,加快资金周转,促进经济发展,2009年5月1日起,琼海市停止了同城票据交换的资金清算业务,全面实行同城跨行票据交换资金清算新模式,即所有同城跨行资金清算全部通过大小额支付系统处理.经过一年的运行,虽然国库资金清算更加安全便捷,但由于系统磨合的原因,给基层央行的国库工作带来了一些问题.     

在大同城票据交换中实施票据截流的思考

作为票据交换的助推器，票据截流对加快我省跨同城区域票据交换和资金清算速度有着积极的作用。本文从实施票据截流的意义、存在问题及截流方式、方法和配套工作方面，探讨了票据截流在我省跨同城区域票据交换中的应用。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.     

浅议金融机构的举证责任

金融纠纷案件是当事人以存单或进账单、对账单、存款合同、保险单、票据、证券等凭证为主要证据向人民法院提出诉讼的案件,对于不同种类金融纠纷的当事人的举证责任,我国现行的金融法律、法规及司法解释有不同的规定。由于金融机构的特殊法律地位,发生金融纠纷时存在有关当事人将最后偿付风险转移给金融机构承担的主观故意,在客观上会使金融机构难以提供相应的证据来对抗不法债权人的诉讼请求,而导致金融机构败诉。为此,对金融诉讼案件中金融机构的举证责任加以研究具有重要的实践意义。     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.