行政单位内部审计的关键点

在繁多的经济业务中,内部审计要以较少的工作成本获取预期的审计效果,符合成本效益原则,必须准确把握内部审计的关键点。一、会计业务中不相容职务的有效分离不相容职务是指那些如果由一个人担任既可能发生错误和舞弊行为、且有可能掩盖其错误和舞弊行为的职务;有效分离是指对担任上述职务的     

注册会计师审计的舞弊行为探析

正注册会计师的审计行为是防范舞弊管理的重要经济体制之一,其本身运行的良性化关系到社会经济的稳定。注会审计存在舞弊行为致使舞弊管理防范体制丧失了最后的保护屏障。舞弊管理和审计舞弊共生于外部环境和内在机理条件中,审计舞弊较舞弊管理而言,其对国家经济的损害更大。因此,如何控制审计舞弊行为,切实治理注会审计舞弊行为已经成为人们必须重视的社会经济问题之一。我国注会体制在20世纪80年代得     

浅谈村集体经济组织舞弊的防范与检查

这几年来,浙江省各地狠抓了村级财务清理和公开,以及推行村级会计代理制,有力地强化了村级财务管理,使村级财务面貌发生了很大变化。本文就村集体经济组织舞弊的防范与检查进行探讨。一、舞弊的主要种类所谓村集体经济组织的舞弊,是指组织中相关人员采用欺骗等违法违规手段,损害或谋取组织经济利益,同时可能为个人带来不正当利益的行为。按其目的可以将舞弊分为以下几种:1、职务侵占或贪污。是指村集体经济组织工作人员利用职务之便,将本单位财物通过秘密窃取、虚构事实、隐瞒真相或者其他方法非法占为己有的行为。现行《刑法》根据犯罪主体不同,分为职务侵占罪或贪污罪。村集体经济组织中职务侵占或贪污的主     

关于中小会计师事务所应对财务舞弊审计风险的思考

在经济全球化和知识经济时代的影响下,经济活动的参与主体越来越多样化,经济活动的形式也越来越复杂.因此,审计工作中存在的风险逐渐增加.随着财务舞弊事件的不断曝光,如何有效控制审计风险成为会计师事务所审计人员工作的重点.本文基于财务舞弊与审计风险的关系,通过对财务舞弊手段的分析,提出了会计师事务所在应对财务舞弊审计风险方面的建议,以期能促进会计师事务所有效识别和规避被审计单位的财务舞弊行为.     

浅析我国上市公司会计舞弊的动机及防范

自从证券市场出现以来,上市公司的会计舞弊行为就不断有出现。国外有施乐、安然、奥林巴斯、世界通讯等等知名五百强企业的会计舞弊案件,国内的会计舞弊丑闻也是频频被曝光,由三大会计舞弊案开始——琼民源、银广夏和郑百文舞弊案,到后来的科龙电器、万福生科、绿大地等会计舞弊案件。目前,会计舞弊已广泛存在,而且手段多种多样,严重影响了社会经济的发展,导致投资者的利益损失也是不可估量。本文从分析会计舞弊行为的主要动机出发,总结会计舞弊行为表现,并同时提出了防范对策。     

固定资产项目舞弊与风险导向审计

近年来，随着金融市场的不断繁荣，会计舞弊事件频发，这种不法经济行为掩盖了企业财务的真相．导致投资者决策失误并使资本市场陷入困境。会计舞弊已成为中国市场经济发展的绊脚石。本文首先对固定资产可能存在的舞弊行为进行分析，然后从风险导向审计角度分几个方面对固定资产舞弊行为的审计进行阐述。     

股份公司会计舞弊及其防范

从我国股份制公司存在的会计舞弊行为、会计舞弊现状及会计舞弊手法三方面分析会计舞弊给股份公司、资本市场以及我国经济带来的危害性,并从内外监督机制着手对股份公司会计舞弊行为屡禁不止和各种危害性提出其防范措施,最后展望股份公司会计工作前进的方向与道路.     

企业财务舞弊行为原因及其治理对策

近年来,我国企业数量和类型越来越多,而财务舞弊的问题也是越来越严重,不仅影响了公司自身的信誉,也严重影响了经济的发展.本文根据我国资本市场的具体实际情况,剖析了企业财务舞弊行为的动因,并有针对性的提出了一些防范治理对策.本文认为,造成我国企业财务舞弊的动因是多种多样的,既有公司治理结构不完善和企业、会计人员利益冲突的内部原因,也有会计准则存在缺陷、外部监督治理不强等外部动因.因此,本文建议通过完善公司内部治理结构、加强外部监督和强化会计人员职业操守与会计准则等途径来治理企业财务舞弊行为.     

浅析我国上市公司会计舞弊的动机及防范

自从证券市场出现以来，上市公司的会计舞弊行为就不断有出现。国外有施乐、安然、奥林巴斯、世界通讯等等知名五百强企业的会计舞弊案件，国内的会计舞弊丑闻也是频频被曝光，由三大会计舞弊案开始——琼民源、银广夏和郑百文舞弊案，到后来的科龙电器、万福生科、绿大地等会计舞弊案件。目前，会计舞弊已广泛存在，而且手段多种多样，严重影响了社会经济的发展，导致投资者的利益损失也是不可估量。本文从分析会计舞弊行为的主要动机出发，总结会计舞弊行为表现，并同时提出了防范对策。     

对企业会计舞弊的形式与审计方法的探讨

由于利益的巨大诱惑，社会中舞弊的案例比比皆是。舞弊的行为给社会的稳定来了巨大的负面影响，而企业会计舞弊的行为为有舞弊动机的人提供了方便。本文通过对企业会计舞弊理论概述的分析，让读者了什么是企业会计舞弊，企业会计舞弊产生的动机以及企业会计舞弊的形式都有那些。而做为规范企业会计行为的审计部门，通过何种方法才能查出这些舞弊行为是值得大家探讨的一个问题，本文就此列举了几种审计企业会计舞弊行为的方法以供读者参考。     

Public corruption and the allocation of government contracts

Public corruption in the government procurement process is rampant and its cost is huge, even among developed countries. Some scholars estimate that about 20%–30% of the values of government projects are lost due to public corruption. In this paper, we examine how public corruption impacts the allocation of U.S. federal contracts. Using the U.S. Department of Justice corruption convictions data and the federal contract data from 2000 to 2018, we find that firms located in more corrupt states receive more federal contract dollars, more important contracts in terms of their contributions to firm revenues, and contracts with higher visibility among federal contractors. We construct an influence/favoritism index that takes into account defense contracts, cost-plus contracts, and multi-year contracts, and document that the index is positively related to corruption levels. These results hold after we conduct several robustness tests, including 2SLS regressions, propensity-score matching analysis, and using alternative corruption measures. Our empirical findings are consistent with the hypothesis that corruption plays an important role in how federal contracts are allocated.     

Corruption in Emerging and Developing Economies: Evidence from a Pooled Cross-Section

Corruption has affected systems of governance for thousands of years. Existing evidence suggests that it is especially common in "emerging and developing economies," yet cross-country analysis in this context is rare. We examine the impact of political, economic, and media freedom on corruption in a large sample of countries across multiple time periods to investigate the marginal differences within each. The results show that increased economic and press freedoms are associated with lower levels of corruption in developing countries. We find that although increased political freedom through democratization is statistically significant, it reduces corruption only in developed countries and may increase levels of corruption in developing countries.     

National corruption and international banking

This paper identifies national corruption as a determinant of international banking. Using total international banking claims of 21 countries from worldwide borrowers, at the bilateral lender-borrower level, we document that when lender countries are less corrupt than borrower countries, international banking volume tends to be higher between countries with similar corruption levels. In contrast, when lender countries are more corrupt than borrower countries, corruption difference has no significant impact on international banking volume, because relatively more corrupt lenders perceive relatively less corrupt borrowers as generally creditworthy. The effect of corruption difference weakened during the 2007–2009 financial crisis, but subsequently regained its precrisis strength among the relatively less corrupt lenders while gaining new force among relatively more corrupt lenders.     

X-raying Segregation of Duties: Support to illuminate an enterprise's immunity to solo-fraud

This paper presents an application of an automated scientific method to measure the quality of the design of Segregation of Duties, also known as Separation of Duties (SoD). The automated method enables an auditor to map out a body of authorizations and X-ray it on SoD. The body of authorizations is shaped by the so-called enterprise value cycle, or supercycle. The method supports an integral, top–down, diagram-based approach, including all automated and non-automated parts of an enterprise.Input is an enterprise supercycle diagram with authorizations and abilities. Output is an overview of all potential single-employee fraud constructs, also called potential solo-frauds, that are able to undetectably subtract value from the enterprise. As remediation the automated method indicates which authorization restrictions are minimally required to create a SoD in which solo-fraud is impossible.This paper is the first publication of this method in the international scientific Accounting and Auditing community.     

Independent director compensation,corruption, and monitoring

We find that independent directors in more corrupt countries receive greater pay. This relation could reflect outside directors in corrupt countries expropriating firm value, or it could reflect higher compensation for the additional effort required to lessen the negative effects of corruption. Acquirer acquisition announcement returns are lower in more corrupt countries, and this relation is mitigated by higher director pay. Higher director pay is also associated with greater sensitivity of CEO turnover to firm performance and moderates the negative effects of country‐level corruption on firm value. This evidence is consistent with higher director pay in corrupt countries incentivizing effort.     

经济责任审计运行效果实证研究

经济责任审计以评价领导干部为主,在我国已经运行多年。根据经济控制论和免疫系统观,经济责任审计通过加强经济责任审计力量、强化经济责任审计执行力度和加大经济责任审计业务量,能够预防和惩治领导干部腐败,提高财政收支财务收支绩效。实证研究表明,经济责任审计力量越强,经济责任审计执行力度越大,越能够预防领导干部职务犯罪;审计人员数量越多,审计力量越强大,单位国内生产总值耗费的行政管理费越少。为了提高经济责任审计运行效果,应当构建经济责任审计监控体系。     

Accounting, “economic citizenship” and the spatial reordering of manufacture

This paper addresses the roles of accounting within one of the most extensive programs of advanced manufacture undertaken by an American corporation. Three distinct levels of analysis are pursued: firstly, the profound alterations that were to be effected in the identity and mode of operation of a key assembly plant, and in the ordering of its manufacturing spaces, as diverse calculative and managerial expertises were brought into complex and tentative alignments within a factory modernization process; secondly, the hopes and ideals for advanced manufacture and for American competitiveness that were to be constituted and made operable within this process; and thirdly, the links formed between this ambitious program of plant renewal and the various appeals to a “new economic citizenship” that have become prevalent in debates on advanced manufacture. By focusing on the relays and interconnections between these three levels of analysis, and the shifting ensembles thus formed, we are able to explore the dynamics of a specific attempt to govern the economic and personal dimensions of an enterprise. The concern is with all of those programs and technologies, including accounting, which seek to act upon and to transform the conduct of manufacture and the conduct of persons in a certain way. For it is, we argue, through such interventions that a new mode of seeking to govern economic life is set in place. And it is through such means that a novel type of economic citizen is called upon to play a new set of roles within the enterprise and within the nation.     

Corruption culture and accounting quality

This paper examines the impact of corruption culture on accounting quality (AQ) of listed firms at the municipal level in China. We consider municipalities with (without) corrupt top government officials as having high (low) corruption culture. To isolate the effect of corruption culture, we use the arrest of corrupt officials (the events) to capture the change in local corruption culture, and apply the difference-in-difference method to compare AQ of firms operating in the jurisdictions of corrupt officials pre and post the events, compared to control firms. We find that AQ of firms affiliated with corrupt officials is higher after the events, which is robust to the placebo test, time-trend analysis, and various robustness tests. We complement the literature by showing that the increase in AQ is greater for firms associated with more powerful officials and having stronger connections with corrupt officials. Moreover, the positive effect on accounting quality is stronger in the post-2012 period. Further, we document that firms improving AQ after the events issue more SEOs and have lower cost of capital. Finally, analyses on channels firms used to improve AQ show that firms switch to higher quality auditors, have better internal control, and issue more management forecasts. This study has implications for policymakers in countries that suffer from corruption.     

A genetic testing code of practice for insurers

The Association of British Insurers has issued a Genetic Testing Code of Practice. The document consists of a forward and six parts, namely; Code of Practice, Statement of Duties of our Insurance Company's Chief Medical Director, Statement of the ABI Genetics advisors responsibilities, Principals of the adjudication system, the legal and ethical framework and confidentiality guidelines.     

Corrupción como proceso organizacional: comprendiendo la lógica de la desnormalización de la corrupción

This article discusses the basic assumptions of an individualist vision on corruption. A different argument based on “social density” of the phenomenon is proposed instead: the process of normalization of corruption. Under this umbrella, corruption is a political concept that looks to impose a particular vision on what are “right” behaviors based on a sharp and unrealistic separation of the public and private sphere. A review of the organizational literature on corruption is developed, with the aim of understanding how organizational processes of socialization triggers behaviors that make corrupt acts to appear as “normal” under the organizational logic. Persons find themselves in a “slippery slope”, generating agreements and social dynamics that are able to produce corrupt logics under the normal life of an organization. A plea for discussing the social processes needed to “un-normalize” corruption is defended a conceptualization that goes beyond an individualist and moralist vision of the phenomenon.