Index arbitrage and the pricing relationship between Australian stock index futures and their underlying shares

This paper examines the mispricing of Australian stock index futures. Exogenous and endogenous price volatility is confirmed to have a positive impact on the mispricing spread, after filtering out predictable time series components. More accurate pricing associated with surprise trading volume in the underlying stocks is consistent with arbitrageurs acting to narrow price disparities relative to the futures market. Ex‐ante interest rate volatility is the primary source of risk faced by arbitrageurs and fluctuations in the transaction cost of opening index arbitrage positions influence the extent to which they drive prices towards theoretical fair values.     

Intraday volatility in the stock index and stock index futures markets

We examine the intraday relationship between returns and returnsvolatility in the stock index and stock index futures markets.Our results indicate a strong intermarket dependence in thevolatility of the case and futures returns. Price innovationsthat originate in either the stock or futures markets can predictthe future volatility in the other market. We show that thisrelationship persists even during periods in which the dependencein the returns themselves appears to weaken. The findings arerobust to controlling for potential market frictions such asasynchronous trading in the stock index. Our results have implicationsfor understanding the pattern of information flows between thetwo markets.     

Convertible bond arbitrage,liquidity externalities,and stock prices

In the context of convertible bond issuance, we examine the impact of arbitrage activity on underlying equity markets. In particular, we use changes in equity short interest following convertible bond issuance to identify convertible bond arbitrage activity and analyze its impact on stock market liquidity and prices for the period 1993 to 2006. There is considerable evidence of arbitrage-induced short selling resulting from issuance. Moreover, we find strong evidence that this activity is systematically related to liquidity improvements in the stock. These results are robust to controlling for the potential endogeneity of arbitrage activity.     

Determination of stock closing prices and hedging performance with stock indices futures

This paper examines the impact of the determination of stock closing prices on futures price efficiency and hedging effectiveness with stock indices futures. The empirical results indicate that the increase in the length of the batching period of the stock closing call improves price efficiency in the futures closing prices and then enhances hedging performance in terms of the hedging risks. Additionally, from a utility‐maximization point of view, hedging performance does not improve after the introduction of the 5 min stock closing call, which can be explained by an improvement in price efficiency at the futures market close.     

股指期货利弊

推出股指期货的主要目的是给市场带来高效的定价机制,以消除过度投机,维护市场稳定。金融衍生产品能否被市场高效合理地定价,是市场是否健康的重要标志。股指期货做为20世纪80年代国际金融市场上最为重要的金融创新,目前已经是世界上交易量和流动性最好的金融衍生产品之一,被公认为是股市上最为有效的风险管理工具之一。推出股指期货对市场的     

股指期货会计处理

股指期货作为衍生金融工具,其确认和计量的具体账务处理,涉及新的《金融工具确认和计量》、《金融资产转移》、《套期保值》和《金融工具列报》等几个准则及其应用指南,以及应用指南所附＂会计科目和主要账务处理”的“衍生工具”、“套期工具”等若干会计科目的使用说明。     

Evidence on the arbitrage efficiency of SPI index futures and options markets

This paper is concerned with arbitrage opportunities in the futures and futures option contracts traded on the Sydney Futures Exchange (SFE) within a put-call-futures-parity (PCFP) framework. Tick-by-tick transaction price data are employed so that the futures contracts, the call futures options and the put futures options can be matched within a one-minute interval. This paper also takes into account the realistic transaction costs that an arbitrager has to incur, including the implicit bid-ask spread. A thorough ex post analysis is first carried out. The results reveal a significant number of violations of the PCFP in the sample. Ex ante tests are then conducted whereby ex post profitable arbitrage strategies, signified by the matched trios of futures, put and call contracts, are executed with lags up to 3 min. The ex ante results are similar to the ex post results. However, further analysis reveals that the exploitability of the identified arbitrage opportunities is very limited due to the small trading volumes of the futures and options contracts. Thus, we conclude that there is no strong evidence against the arbitrage efficiency between the SPI index futures and options markets in Australia.      

沪深300指数与股指期货价格变化关系的检验

在沪深300股指期货推出两年以后,为了验证期货市场的价格发现功能,本文利用VAR模型对沪深300股指期货和现货价格的每分钟收益率序列实际数据进行检验.实证检验结果显示期货价格变化对未来现货价格变化有显著影响,持续时间可达5分钟以上,而现货价格对期货价格变化没有显著影响.因此,沪深300指数期货市场已经发挥了较强的价格发现功能.同时,我们发现对股指期货和现货市场而言,VAR模型具有较强的稳定性,在利用历史数据预测未来指数价格变化中有较强的实用价值.     

Cross hedging single stock with American Depositary Receipt and stock index futures

This paper investigates the cross hedging effectiveness of individual stock in a market that does not have single stock futures traded using American Depositary Receipt (ADR) and stock index futures. We apply Caporin and Billio’s Multivariate regime switching GARCH to capture the state-dependent covariance structure of underlying stock, ADR and stock index futures. Empirical results indicate that in general simultaneous hedging with both ADR and index futures creates hedging gains and incorporating regime switching effects further increases the hedging performances.     

股指期货创新中的投资者保护探讨

股指期货的推出,在交易机制和违规行为等方面,均对投资者产生了一定影响,因此股指期货创新中的投资者保护应成为其应有之义。本文认为股指期货在杠杆交易、双向交易和到期日制度方面会对投资者造成一定影响;另外在信息敏感性和跨市场联动性等方面也会对投资者造成影响。当前股指期货市场对投资者保护主要从投资者适当性,风险揭示和保护基金三方面着力,有待扩展和深化。本文在借鉴美国、日本、香港等成熟股指期货市场投资者保护立法及实践的基础上,提出了完善我国股指期货投资者保护的一些建议。     

Reexamining intraday simultaneity in stock index futures markets

This note examines three empirical examples involving intraday dynamic relationships associated with stock index futures markets. Researchers often employ a vector autoregressive ( ) model to analyze such high frequency transactions data. While such a model can provide useful information regarding the nature of causal priority inherent in the data, it is not the proper model to investigate the structural relationships of interest, because it omits the contemporaneous interaction. On the other hand, a model specification which is altered to incorporate simultaneity may enable the data to reveal the structural relationships of interest.     

The rolling causal structure between the Chinese stock index and futures

This paper examines the causal structure between daily closing price series of the Chinese stock index and futures from April 16, 2010, the launch date of the futures, to November 14, 2014, through a rolling approach that takes into account window sizes of a half, one, one and a half, and two years. Except for several subperiods associated with the half- and one-year window, the two series are tied together through cointegration and adjust equally toward the long-run relationship. Considering different forecasting lengths, the out-of-sample Granger causality test for each window generally reveals that no series gains forecastability from another. These results shed light on the evolving causal structure between the two series, which is determined to be stable. The futures market, however, has not been fully developed to serve as a price discovery source. Increasing openness of investment channels and policy incentives to attract well-informed traders may stimulate futures market development.     

上市公司善用期指

2010年4月16日,格林期货金融研究院院长于军礼对上市公司如何利用股指期货,以及这一金融工具对企业投资部门、管理层、股东的影响进行了论述,以下为观点参考。     

股指期货助推股市健康运行

由于股指期货交易会吸引大批套利者和套期保值者加入,因此股市的规模和流动性都将有很大的提高,且股市和期市交易量呈双向互相推动的态势。股指期货的推出,将对我国资本市场甚至整个金融市场带来翻天覆地的变化。可以预见,优质上市公司将得到机构投资者更多关注,股票现货市场将更加活跃,证券市场运行将更加有效和稳定。     

Threshold non-linear dynamics between Hang Seng stock index and futures returns

We test the joint dynamics between the Hong Kong Hang Seng Index futures and the underlying cash index using a Bivariate Threshold AutoRegressive model, which is better able to capture the complex return dynamics evident in financial time series. The results are consistent with a three-regime version of the model, where the lead-lag relation between the index and futures returns is a non-linear threshold-type and the regime switching process depends on the state of the threshold variable. This interaction is symmetric rather than unidirectional, with the strength of the interaction dependent on the regime. These three regimes are also characterised by significant variation in volume, which is consistent with liquidity-induced arbitrage trading.     

Investors’ preference towards risk: evidence from the Taiwan stock and stock index futures markets

We apply the stochastic dominance (SD) tests proposed by Linton et al. (2005) and Davidson and Duclos (2000) for risk averters and risk seekers to examine investors’ preferences with respect to the Taiwan stock index and its corresponding index futures. We find that there is no first‐order SD relationship between Taiwan spot and futures. However, for second‐ and third‐order SD, we find that spot dominates futures for risk averters whereas futures dominates spot for risk seekers. The implication is that to maximize their expected utilities, risk averters prefer to buy stocks, whereas risk seekers prefer long index futures.     

中国当前真需要开办股指期货吗?

俗话说:"听话听音,锣鼓听声。"在眼下关于股指期货的热议中,我们不光要思考所有说话人的"理"有多透彻,更要把那些"理"与说话人自身的动机联系起来仔细琢磨。监管部门为了扩大权力视野固然有好大喜功的心理,这些尚且可以看淡一些,他们毕竟是邀名的成份大一些;但是对那些积极簇拥股指期货新政出台的"局外"说话人,如果我们能分析出他们将因此而成为"抢头彩"的受益者时,就要加倍小心了。因为,一旦他们卷走借公"鸡"生出的私"蛋"以后,就再也难以追究他们假公济私的责任了,——他们可对因此而可能造成的国家金融震荡是绝对不管不顾的。     

The ex-dividend-day behavior of stock prices: the case of Japan

We provide a comprehensive empirical analysis of stock pricebehavior around the ex-dividend day in Japan. We find that pricesrise on the ex-day and that dividend-related tax effects appearto be secondary. Returns around ex-dividend days are dominatedby the proximity of many ex-days to the fiscal year end. Excessreturns of 1 percent, which are independent of any dividend-relatedconsiderations, are higher than round-trip transaction costson medium-sized transactions. Prices seem to imply selling pressurebefore and buying pressure at the start of the new fiscal year.These trading patterns appear to be motivated by intercorporatemanipulative trading around the end of the firms' fiscal year,which are unrelated to dividends.     

The relation between forward prices and futures prices

This paper consolidates the results of some recent work on the relation between forward prices and futures prices. It develops a number of propositions characterizing the two prices. These propositions contain several testable implications about the difference between forward and futures prices. Many of the propositions show that equilibrium forward and futures prices are equal to the values of particular assets, even though they are not in themselves asset prices. The paper then illustrates these results in the context of two valuation models and discusses the effects of taxes and other institutional factors.     

Legislating stock prices

We demonstrate that legislation has a simple, yet previously undetected, impact on stock prices. Exploiting the voting record of legislators whose constituents are the affected industries, we show that the votes of these “interested” legislators capture important information seemingly ignored by the market. A long-short portfolio based on these legislators' views earns abnormal returns of over 90 basis points per month following the passage of legislation. Industries that we classify as beneficiaries of legislation experience significantly more positive earnings surprises and positive analyst revisions in the months following passage of the bill, as well as significantly higher future sales and profitability. We show that the more complex the legislation, the more difficulty the market has in assessing the impact of these bills. Further, the more concentrated the legislator's interest in the industry, the more informative are her votes for future returns.