定向增发新股折扣率的影响因素及其与公司短期股价关系的实证研究——来自中国上市公司的经验证据

本文分析了影响中国上市公司定向增发新股折扣率的因素,并研究了中国上市公司定向增发新股折扣率对公司短期股价表现的影响。本文认为,影响中国上市公司定向增发新股折扣率的因素与外国不同,中国上市公司定向增发新股折扣率的高低与股东的身份有关,向控股股东及关联投资者定向增发新股的折扣率要低于向非关联投资者定向增发新股的折扣率。并且,中国上市公司定向增发新股的折扣率越低,投资者获得的超额累积收益率越高。本文运用中国证券市场定向增发新股的数据,对影响中国上市公司定向增发新股折扣率的因素及中国上市公司定向增发新股折扣率对公司短期股价表现的影响分别进行了实证研究,实证研究结果证明了本文理论分析的结论。     

上市公司定向增发投资收益实证分析

本文以2006年5月8日-2007年12月31日在我国沪深交易所实施定向增发的上市公司为样本,用事件研究方法中的市场调节模型计算不同投资者36个月的购入持有超额收益率。参与定向增发的控股股东和战略投资者、参与定向增发的普通投资者和以及未参与定向增发投资者的购入持有超额收益率分别为107.5%、105.52%和26.23%,投资者购买定向增发过的股票是一个不错的选择。     

上市公司定向增发注入资产的规制

控股股东以定向增发方式向上市公司注入资产，可以减少关联交易、避免同业竞争、增强独立性，还可以提高上市公司资产质量、改善财务状况、增强持续盈利能力。本文立足证券市场立法和监管实践，从保护投资者角度出发．围绕强化公司治理和提高信息披露质量两个最重要的环节，对国内上市公司控股股东以定向增发方式，向上市公司注入资产的有关案例进行研究分析，以期为完善相关制度规定提供对策建议。     

中国上市公司定向增发的短期财富效应研究

定向增发是我国上市公司股权再融资的主流方式.对于上市公司来说,定向增发可以为公司的发展和成长提供资金;对于投资者来说,定向增发为他们提供了良好的投资机会.短期财富效应是指证券市场各因素引起股价发生波动而给股东带来的额外收益.因此,选择39家上市公司定向增发短期财富效应进行研究,其中以2007年10月16日为分界,选取2007年3、4月实施定向增发的21家上市公司及2008年3、4月实施定向增发的18家上市公司为样本,分别分析定向增发在牛市和熊市中的财富效应.在实证研究中,通过超额收益率,建立一元线性回归模型,对样本公司定向增发的市场变化、股东收益进行研究,并得出结论.     

定向增发新股、整体上市与股票价格短期市场表现的实证研究

定向增发新股成为股权分置改革之后中国上市公司股权再融资的主要工具,本文从理论上解释这种现象,并运用中国证券市场定向增发新股、整体上市的数据,对宣告定向增发新股、定向增发新股实现集团公司整体上市的公司股票价格的短期市场表现进行了实证研究。实证研究结果表明,上市公司宣告定向增发新股和宣告定向增发新股实现集团公司整体上市都有正的财富效应,并且上市公司通过向控股股东或控股股东的关联企业定向增发新股实现集团公司整体上市的宣告效应要好于其他类型的定向增发新股的宣告效应。     

沪深A股上市定向增发公告的股价效应研究

定向增发新股成为股权分置改革之后中国上市公司股权再融资的主要工具。本文运用事件研究法,通过我国上市公司2009年5月至2011年4月期间最新的A股数据,对宣告定向增发新股的公司股票价格的短期市场表现进行了实证研究。研究结果表明,我国上市公司定向增发存在显著为正的公告效应。在定向增长预案公告日前一周左右的时间内,定向增发公司股票累积平均超额收益率为0.720%,而在公告日前一天至当天的累积平均超额收益为1.766%。     

我国上市公司定向增发融资效应研究——基于中小投资者视角北大核心

定向增发是我国上市公司重要的融资手段。在当前我国资本市场相关制度尚不完善以及中小投资者自我保护意识不足的情况下,规模日益扩大的定向增发融资给上市公司侵害中小投资者利益提供了操作空间,这不利于资本市场持续稳定发展。以我国沪深A股作为研究样本,以上市公司定向增发公告前后的股票价格、财务绩效变化为研究对象,运用事件研究法和财务指标分析法测算定向增发的短期股价效应、长期股价效应、长期业绩效应,以此评估定向增发对中小投资者利益的影响。实证研究结果表明:样本期内,定向增发预案公告对短期股价有提升作用且可能存在信息泄露现象,对长期股价虽有正向推动作用,但定向增发后样本公司业绩并没有得到改善,尤其是定向增发过程中如果有关联股东参与,其股价上涨而业绩无实质性改善的现象更为突出。为防范上市公司通过定向增发侵害中小投资者利益,一方面需要完善定向增发融资的相关制度,加强对定向增发事项的监管;另一方面要加强中小投资者风险教育,引导中小投资者理性认识定向增发、提高信息甄别能力、减少盲目跟随投资。     

找寻定向增发中“增发”机会

当前市场跌声连连,投资者亏声一片,二级市场赚钱机会越来越难。在如此弱势行情下,选择定向增发类股票,则有可能获得很好的财富"增发"。根据前期统计,1年的定向增发收益颇为丰厚,自公告日后1、2年,上市公司二级市场股价超额收益率平均值分别超过20%和30%,定向增发走势明显     

政府干预、大股东资产注入:支持抑或掏空

政府干预企业经营活动是普遍存在的现象。本文研究了国有控股上市公司资产注入中的"支持"、"掏空"现象。研究发现,政府控股股东比民营控股股东资产注入的动机更强烈。当上市公司盈利时,政府控股股东通过向上市公司注入资产"掏空"上市公司的动机比民营控股股东更加强烈,从而导致盈利的国有控股上市公司在资产注入之后业绩下降更多;而当政府控股上市公司被ST时,政府控股股东通过向国有控股上市公司注入资产"支持"上市公司的动机和力度比民营控股股东更加强烈,从而导致ST国有控股上市公司在资产注入之后业绩增长更快。     

资产剥离、大股东支撑与企业价值——以航天机电为例

金融危机以来,公司的资产剥离活动日益频繁,但对于剥离交易中利益输送问题的研究仍处于起步阶段。本文通过对航天机电剥离神舟硅业的案例进行分析,发现公司通过向控股股东上航工业溢价出售亏损资产获取剥离收益,扭亏为盈,剥离交易的累计超额收益率(CAR)和购买持有超额收益率(BHAR)均为正,提升了公司价值,为股东创造了价值。因此,笔者认为这一资产剥离交易是行业低谷时大股东对其的"支撑"行为。     

Changes in Non‐current Assets and in Property,Plant and Equipment and Future Stock Returns: The UK Evidence

We examine the effect of changes in non‐current operating assets (NCOA) and of changes in property, plant and equipment (PPE) on future abnormal stock returns using a sample of 21,549 UK non‐financial firm observations over the 1990–2012 event period. The results from a matching portfolio procedure and 4‐factor regressions indicate that abnormal returns from investing in a portfolio of low‐minus‐high quintile NCOA and PPE change firms are between 5.5% and 6.1%. This negative association is confirmed by cross‐sectional regressions. The economic significance of mispricing seems weaker than in the US and weaker than the mispricing of working capital accruals adjusted for depreciation in the UK. Changes in PPE drive the predictability of share returns with respect to changes in NCOA. There is no significant evidence that return predictability is stronger in less liquid firms. We find two strands of evidence that lend some support to behavioural explanations of predictability through overreaction to investment. On one hand, fundamental information about investment explains one‐third of the predictability of returns while, on the other, predictability is generally not significantly stronger in firms with high operating leverage as a proxy for risk.     

我国短期国际资本流动状况变动原因分析

近年来,我国短期国际资本流动规模的逐渐扩大,引起了各界广泛关注。本文基于vAR模型,分析了代表性名义利差、人民币升值压力和经济增速差异对我国短期国际资本流动的影响。结果表明：我国短期国际资本流动在较大程度上由其自身变化来解释,同时受到上述三大因素的影响。随着我国短期资本流入压力的逐渐增大,增强政策针对性、引导短期国际资本合理流动,对维护我国金融体系安全和资产价格稳定具有重要的现实意义。     

投资者结构与期限结构对期货市场效率的影响研究

有效市场假设认为,投资者不能通过任何信息的获取而获得超额收益,即价格能够及时地反映所标资产的相关信息和风险。通过对上海期货市场金融危机前后交易数据的检验,发现其存在显著的长期惯性利润,证明了其不符合有效市场假设和可能存在市场操纵行为。Granger因果检验进一步发现短期的投机行为越多惯性利润越低,长期惯性利润越高投机行为越多。因此上海期货市场有必要通过减少交易成本和提供更多的交易信息去改善市场结构和效率。     

Short-term overreaction to specific events: Evidence from an emerging market

This paper investigates the short-term overreaction to specific events and whether stock prices are predictable in the Egyptian stock exchange (EGX). We find evidence of the short-term overreaction in the EGX. Losers (“bad news” portfolios) significantly outperform winners (“good news” portfolios) and investors can earn abnormal return by selling the winners and buying losers. Terrorist attacks have negative and significant abnormal returns for three days post event followed by price reversals on day four post event. Whereas, the tensions in the Middle East region have a negative and significant abnormal returns on event day followed by price reversals on day one post event. Moreover, the formation of a new government has no effect on the average abnormal returns post event in the EGX. The results also show that small firms tend to have greater price reversals compared to large firms. Overall, our results provide evidence of the leakage of information in the EGX.     

Did the 1986 Tax Reform Act Affect Market Reactions to Stock Splits?: A Test of the Tax-Option Hypothesis

This paper tests the prediction of the tax-option hypothesis that the market impact of stock splits would be reduced by the 1986 Tax Reform Act which eliminated the difference between long- and short-term capital gains tax rates. The results show significant excess returns on stock split announcement and ex-days even after 1986. The announcement and ex-day excess returns are similar in different periods before and after the Act. Further, there is no significant relationship between announcement excess returns and increase in returns volatility following splits. These findings are inconsistent with the tax-option hypothesis.     

Effects of Executive Share Option Plans on Shareholder Wealth and Firm Performance: The Singapore Evidence

The main purpose of our paper is to study the institutional nature and characteristics of executive share option plans (ESOPs) in Singapore, a fast-growing economy and an important investment location in Asia. Our study provides an interesting comparison between the characteristics of ESOPs in Singapore and those in the US. Our paper also investigates the short-term market reaction to ESOP announcements and the long-run stock and operating performance of the sample firms following the adoption of the ESOPs. Results indicate weak evidence of a positive abnormal return on the days surrounding the announcement of the ESOPs. However, there is no evidence of long-term superior stock and operating performance for the ESOP firms relative to benchmarks. The lack of significant incentive effects for the sample firms reflects mainly the unique regulatory environment in Singapore.     

Shareholder investment horizons and the market for corporate control

This paper investigates how the investment horizon of a firm's institutional shareholders impacts the market for corporate control. We find that target firms with short-term shareholders are more likely to receive an acquisition bid but get lower premiums. This effect is robust and economically significant: Targets whose shareholders hold their stocks for less four months, one standard deviation away from the average holding period of 15 months, exhibit a lower premium by 3%. In addition, we find that bidder firms with short-term shareholders experience significantly worse abnormal returns around the merger announcement, as well as higher long-run underperformance. These findings suggest that firms held by short-term investors have a weaker bargaining position in acquisitions. Weaker monitoring from short-term shareholders could allow managers to proceed with value-reducing acquisitions or to bargain for personal benefits (e.g., job security, empire building) at the expense of shareholder returns.     

The Impact of Value Line Special Situations Recommendations on Stock Prices: Evidence From the Over-the-Counter Market

The value to investors of the information provided by the Value Line Investment Service has been the subject of discussion for many years. This paper examines the information content of the recommendations made by the Value Line Special Situations Service to buy (sell) specific stock issues. The advice given by Value Line generates significant abnormal returns to shareholders near its release date. However, when the price response over longer periods is considered, the effect of the recommendations appears to be transitory. Further, there appears to be no difference in the overall price response between listed and over-the-counter securities.     

Another January effect—Evidence from stock split announcements

This paper examines whether there is a January effect in the propensity and abnormal returns of stock split announcements. It provides primary evidence in the investigation of using monthly effects to explain the patterns of stock splits. The results show that the January effect exists in the likelihood of the occurrence of share splits and in the associated short-term abnormal returns. We also find that another monthly effect—the Halloween effect—exists in stock split announcements. However, the January effect has a much larger and considerably more significant impact on the probability and returns of these announcements. The results of this paper shed light on why we observe patterns in the announcement of corporate events.     

DISCLOSURE IN JAPANESE CORPORATE ANNUAL REPORTS

This paper reports the results of a survey of disclosure in the annual reports of unlisted and listed corporations in Japan, a country that many argue has a unique environment. The paper attempts to investigate differences between companies in the extent of disclosure in their Commercial Code (CC) and Securities and Exchange Law (SEL) accounts respectively. The survey finds that there is a significant difference in disclosure by multiple listed companies in their CC accounts compared with domestically listed corporations and unlisted enterprises. It is also found that there is a significant difference in disclosure between multiple listed and domestically listed entities in their SEL accounts. However, there was no significant difference in disclosure between the TSE (Tokyo Stock Exchange) group and the unlisted group in their CC accounts.