关于衍生金融工具会计的探讨

随着中国经济市场逐步完善与发展,中国的国际化进程也在不断加快。衍生金融工具也应运而生,并逐步发展。衍生金融工具的特有特点,使其本身具有规避风险、增加公司的投资选择、提升金融市场经营效率的积极作用,在一定程度上推动了经济市场的发展。金融行业在不断发展,衍生金融工具也如雨后春笋般出现,并呈现了品种丰富化、规模变大化的趋势。在这样的时代背景下,文章首先介绍衍生金融工具的基本概念,重点分析了衍生金融工具对传统财务会计的冲击,最后对衍生金融工具会计发展提出了一些建议。     

发展我国衍生金融市场的思考

一、发展衍生金融市场是我国金融深化的客观要求　　金融深化是我国金融业发展和改革的方向 ,也是我国经济市场化程度不断提高的必然结果。衍生金融市场则是金融深化到一定阶段的必然选择。1 功能完整的金融市场离不开衍生金融工具衍生金融市场是从基础性金融工具 (其价格是利率、汇率、股价指数等 )衍生而来的金融工具 (包括金融期货、期权、互换等 )交易市场。近 2 0年来 ,衍生金融市场的迅速发展已经成为国际金融市场最显著、最重要的特征之一 ,全球衍生金融工具的交易量每年大约有 1 5 0万亿美元。衍生金融市场是金融市场重要的、不可…     

衍生金融工具及会计计量

近20年来，为了规避和减少市场风险，金融界创造了大量的衍生金融工具，由此，衍生金融工具作为国际金融市场中一种保值和投机功能并存的交易工具，迅猛地发展起来。同时，随着市场经济的深化和金融市场逐步国际化，我国也有选择地开始使用衍生金融工具。衍生金融工具的异军突起，不仅向金融市场监管和完善金融机构内部管理提出了新要求，也对会计     

论衍生金融工具创新风险监管体系构建

随着衍生金融工具创新对国际、国内金融市场影响的加深,防范衍生金融工具创新风险具有重要意义。本文在分析衍生金融工具创新对金融与经济的双重影响的基础上,根据国际经济与金融的发展变化趋势,探讨如何构建有效的衍生金融工具创新风险监管体系。     

衍生金融工具的信息披露问题研究——基于制度经济学的分析

资本市场的发展在很大程度上与金融市场如影相随,金融市场的发展直接引起了金融工具的不断创新,催生出了衍生金融工具.衍生金融工具高度的创新性及复杂性使得其信息披露问题引起了各界广泛关注,本文尝试从制度经济学的角度出发分析衍生金融工具信息披露问题,从而对我国衍生金融工具信息披露提出行之有效的建议.     

新形势下衍生金融工具会计若干个问题分析

自上个世纪七十年代以来,衍生金融工具不断涌现在国际金融市场中,自我国实行改革开放后,经济全球化促进了我国金融市场的快速的发展,其规模不断扩大,为适应新形势下新型衍生金融工具的发展,需要对其进行确认以及探讨在会计处理方面的若干问题,规范衍生金融工具的会计披露,不断加强对衍生金融工具的风险管理,为金融市场的安全稳定发展提供坚实的基础.因此,本文的主旨就是对新形势下衍生金融工具会计的若干个问题进行分析,为更好的发挥衍生金融工具的投机套利和套期保值作用,这对企业的经营活动开展具有重要的显示意义.     

论衍生金融工具的风险控制

衍生金融工具是金融自由化和金融创新的产物，具有规避风险和引发风险的两重性。我国入世后，该市场必将在现有基础上迅速扩张，其隐含风险不可忽视。我国应借鉴其他国家经验，加强金融监管，完善金融法律，在发展衍生金融工具的同时注重稳定金融市场秩序。     

衍生金融工具信息披露问题研究

衍生金融工具作为一种新兴的金融工具,虽然是为了规避风险而产生,但其本身仍具有较高风险.衍生金融工具是一把“双刃剑”,不仅为金融市场带来蓬勃生机,同时也带来巨大的潜在风险.自衍生金融工具在全球的金融市场出现以来,其公开信息披露一直以来都是国际范围的焦点课题.近些年来,衍生金融工具在我国的经济发展中发挥愈来愈重要的作用.本文从汇总国内外衍生金融工具信息披露的研究出发,结合衍生金融工具的特点以及我国当前衍生金融工具信息披露的相关问题,提出衍生金融工具信息披露的改进措施     

我国衍生金融市场监管存在的问题及启示

在我国,衍生金融工具仍属于新事物,缺乏管理经验,管理措施大多是模仿国外,未能很好消化,因而存在很多漏洞,在各类衍生金融工具中,国债期货曾经发展得最快。由于其高风险的特点,国债期货交易中出现的问题也最多。尽管目前国债期货交易市场已经停办,但是,分析当时的国债期货市场以及衍生金融市场中出现的种种问题,对于今天乃至今后我们发展衍生金融市场,加强完善对衍生金融工具的风险管理,具有重要的借鉴意义。     

衍生金融工具及其会计处理

为了规避和减少市场风险 ,实现业务运作的初始盈利意图 ,金融界以高科技为支撑 ,创造了大量衍生金融工具。自此 ,衍生金融工具逐渐成为众多国际套利基金和金融机构的重要获利手段。随着市场经济的深化 ,金融市场的逐步国际化 ,衍生金融工具在我国也迅速发展起来。一、衍生金融工具的定义和特征衍生金融工具是具有衍生特征的金融工具。根据美国财务会计准则委员会 (FASB)的定义 :“衍生金融工具是期货、远期合约、互换和期权合约以及类似性质的金融工具 ,如利率上限与固定利率借款承诺等。”而我国一些学者认为 ,衍生金融工具是指价值派生…     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.     

浅议金融机构的举证责任

金融纠纷案件是当事人以存单或进账单、对账单、存款合同、保险单、票据、证券等凭证为主要证据向人民法院提出诉讼的案件,对于不同种类金融纠纷的当事人的举证责任,我国现行的金融法律、法规及司法解释有不同的规定。由于金融机构的特殊法律地位,发生金融纠纷时存在有关当事人将最后偿付风险转移给金融机构承担的主观故意,在客观上会使金融机构难以提供相应的证据来对抗不法债权人的诉讼请求,而导致金融机构败诉。为此,对金融诉讼案件中金融机构的举证责任加以研究具有重要的实践意义。     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.