浅议会计人员的法律责任

<正>会计人员的法律责任是指会计人员违反会计法律规范所应承担的责任。从法律规定和现实情况看,会计人员在会计核算和会计监督中违反《会计法》,应承担的法律责任主要有三个方面:行政责任、民事责任、刑事责任。会计人员只有依法进行会计核算和会计监督,遵守职业道德,提高业务素质,才能     

关于进一步完善我国会计法律规范的思考

我国会计的法律规范是以《会计法》为核心的。从1985年1月25日第六届全国人大第九次会议审议通过的中华人民共和国第一部《会计法》颁布实施以来,至今已经二十年了。在进一步深化国企改革,大力发展混合所有制经济的今天,我国将政府会计法规体系和企业会计法规体系合二为一的立法思想、会计立法类型的选择及现行会计法律规范的权威性等问题都是值得探讨的。     

求真映实依法建账

法律的灵魂是执行。一个完整、切实可行的法律,如果不认真贯彻执行,只能是纸上谈兵。本文试图就如何贯彻实施新《会计法》,提出一些观点和诠释,愿关心这个问题的会计工作者、法律工作者及其他人士共同探讨。一、从提高思想认识入手,强化新《会计法》的宣传贯彻。修改《会计法》是我国会计法制建设的一件大事,对于规范会计行为,强化会计监督,整顿会计秩序,提高会计信息质量,都将产生重大影响。实现立法宗旨,关键是认真宣传贯彻。为此,在全社会要营造人人了解新《会计法》,人人监督新《会计法》,人人遵守新《会计法》的浓厚氛围。在宣传贯彻的…     

浅谈《会计法》执行与会计监督管理

《会计法》是我国社会主义市场经济生活中的一部重要法律，也是会计工作在市场经济过程中有法可依的基本法律。自1985年1月21日新中国第一部《会计法》诞生以来，我国逐步完善和形成了以《会计法》为主的会计法律法规体系。会计法律法规体系的不断健全和完善，为整顿和规范会计秩序，提高会计信息质量，有力打击在经济活动中的会计造假等违法行为，提供了有力保障，但也存在不少问题。现就目前《会计法》执行过程中存在的一些主要问题，对《会计法》贯彻实施与强化会计监督管理谈几点认识。     

《会计法》为推动会计事业健发展提供了有力保障

全国人大常委副委员长蒋正华指出，《会计法》是我国社会主义市场经济法律体系中的一部重要法律，是规范会计行为的基本法律规范。《会计法》确定了会计工作的法律地位，明确了会计工作的管理体制，规定了会计核算的基本规则和会计监督的基本要求建立了支持会计人员依法履行职责的权益维护和激励约束机制。     

新《会计法》中有关问题的会计行为学分析

《中华人民共和国会计法》是我国对会计行为进行规范的法律。要准确理解《会计法》，进而自觉地贯彻执行《会计法》，就必须理解《会计法》规范哪些会计行为？如何规范以及为什么采取某种措施进行规范。这就要求对《会计法》进行会计行为分析。本文试运用会计行为学的有关理论及对新《会计法》的部分难点问题进行分析，剖析其理论依据，以帮助对《会计法》的理解。     

刍论现行《会计法》若干法律问题的完善

《会计法》是调整我国经济生活中会计关系的基本法律规范。我国现行的《会计法》是1999年10月第九届全国人大常委会通过,并于2000年7月1日起开始施行的。现行《会计法》体现了规范会计行为,保证会计资料真实完整的立法宗旨,并且在一些重大问题上     

《会计法》与市场经济的关系

《中华人民共和国会计法》（以下简称：会计法）是会计法律制度中层次最高的法律规范，是制订关于会计核算、会计监督、会计机构和会计人员以及会计工作管理的准则、制度和办法的依据。因此，以《会计法》为中心的会计法规体系直接作用于经济领域，通过对会计行为进行规范和监督，保证会计资料真实、完整，加强经济管理和财务管理，提高经济效益，已经成为会计工作顺利进行和健康发展的有利保障。     

《会计法》实施过程中若干问题分析与修订关键点

《会计法》的修订和发布,是我国会计工作和会计法制建设过程中的一座里程碑,对规范会计行为,保证会计资料真实、完整,加强经济管理和财务管理,提高经济效益,维护社会主义市场经济秩序,都有着重要的现实意义。然而,经过多年的贯彻执行,《会计法》在促进财会事业规范健康发展的同时,也暴露出一些需要改进的问题。本文就会计法实施过程中遇到的问题进行了探讨,并提出相关对策建议。     

会计法实施相关问题浅析

《会计法》是我国会计工作的基石,是规范经济行为,建立会计秩序的强力保障,对提高会计资料真实性、完整性、可靠性,加强经济管理和财务管理,,促进社会秩序的健康运行,都有着重大的意义.然而,经过多年的贯彻执行,随着经济社会的飞速发展和变革,《会计法》在规范会计业务行为健康发展的同时,也暴露出一些需要改进的相关问题.本文就会计法实施过程中遇到的相关问题进行了浅析,并针对性的提出相关的建议.     

新《会计法》实施情况的问卷调查分析

本文对新《会计法》实施后的社会影响、实行效果以及公众对会计法律问题的态度进行了调查分析 ,调查结果显示 :新《会计法》已有一定社会影响 ,对会计人员的宣传普及工作也基本到位 ;公众对新《会计法》的规定普遍赞成 ,对其实际效果态度较为谨慎 ;新《会计法》的实施取得了一定成效 ,但会计法律制度仍需进一步落实与完善。针对调查所反映的问题 ,本文最后提出了一些思考与政策建议。     

The designing of corporate accounting law in Japan after the Second World War

After the Second World War, during the neutralization of the controlled economy of wartime Japan, a design for a Corporate Accounting Law was elaborated by the Investigation Committee on the Business Accounting System. The Investigation Committee tried to establish not only new business accounting standards but also a central and independent administrative organ of corporate accounting regulation on the basis of the Corporate Accounting Law. The Corporate Accounting Law was expected to lay the legal foundation of the new corporate accounting regulation regime in Japan. Nevertheless, even though the original design of the fundamental accounting law was never realized, it should be considered the starting point for our understanding of external accounting history in post-war Japan.     

我国《会计法》的制定与发展

《会计法》是指导和规范会计工作的纲领性文件,它的发布是我国会计发展的重要里程碑。本文介绍了我国《会计法》制定与历次修订的背景、讨论的主要问题及其对我国会计事业发展的重要意义,并对《会计法》的进一步完善和发展提出了建议。     

Accounting on trial: The critical legal studies movement and its lessons for radical accounting

It is now time, after a decade of development, to take stock of the growing, varied, interdisciplinary Critical Accounting movement appearing in the pages of Accounting, Organizations and Society and elsewhere throughout the 1980s. Critical Accounting bears remarkable resemblance to the highly important Critical Legal Studies movement (or CLS) in American academic law. This paper introduces CLS to accounting audiences and surveys Critical Accounting from the perspective of its larger, older, more fully articulated, more radical and more divisive legal cousin. This paper argues that if Critical Accounting continues to share CLS's theoretical and intellectual stance, but not its targeted critical practice and institutional or political stance, Critical Accounting is destined to remain an interesting sidelight rather than a fully articulated theory of accounting. Finally, this paper comments on existing Critical Accounting work from a CLS perspective, and suggests new directions for Critical Accounting as an intellectual movement.     

“No accounting for these people”: Shell in Ireland and accounting language

Accounting lays claims to be the language of business: a clear, technical, unambiguous means of communication for decisions on investment and economic development. Accounting concepts have increasingly entered mainstream debate on issues affecting society at large. This makes the fairness and effectiveness of accounting as a mode of communication more important for social justice than ever before. In a contentious development, if the discussion is framed primarily in accounting terms, this may disenfranchise those parties to the dispute whose issues are not readily expressed in the common vocabulary of business. Their concerns may become invisible in the debate. If this happens, then accounting has failed as a means of communication, and that failure is non-neutral in that it favours those whose position is best supported by economic arguments.This paper explores this phenomenon using the case of a dispute between Royal Dutch Shell and a local community in Ireland concerning a gas refinery located in an environmentally sensitive area. The issues in conflict are complex and at times intangible. I explore how the limitations of accounting as a language blinded the protagonists to an understanding of each other's concerns, marginalised the concerns of protestors from the public discourse, shifting power from objectors within the local community to those whose primary concern was the economic exploitation of natural resources. I argue that accounting failed as a mode of communication to progress a resolution of the dispute, and that this failure was both unnecessary, and systematic in its support of economic interests.     

Financialisation and the Conceptual Framework

The ongoing neoliberalisation of global economies has been well documented. Neoliberalism requires a commitment to a broad set of ideas about how political economies should operate, and these ideas underpin the transformations of practice in the process of neoliberalisation—both at a technical and conceptual level. Transactions within a neoliberal economy need to be accounted for in a way that accords with this broader set of ideas. Specifically, the growth of accumulation through financial markets has seen a concurrent growth in accounts that both reflects and reproduces finance at its centre. These accounts are more than just reports; they condition our expectations and support the production of further accounts, which in turn reinforce the dominant political economy. Despite the connection between neoliberalism, financialisation and the practice of accounting, the role of accounting in the process of neoliberalisation has received only limited attention. In order to contribute to a deeper understanding of these processes and to the role that accounting plays within them, this paper re-examines the Conceptual Framework (CF) to show how it forms an important part of the architecture of neoliberalism, providing coherence and legitimacy to its key ideas. The current CF project was jointly conducted by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and the US Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), and is positioned within the broader literature on neoliberalism and financialisation. This paper shows how changes in terminology, shifts in notions of income and the popularity of market valuations (fair value accounting) work to normalise the speculative characteristics of financial markets. Through this newly configured globalised CF, the regulatory architecture of accounting may work to sustain the centrality of finance in a post-GFC economy, despite its many deficiencies.     

论会计准则的法律地位

本文从法律的角度论述了会计准则的性质和地位 ,进而探讨了在西方遵循会计准则并非免除法律责任的充分条件 ,最后从我国法律体系和会计准则的基本特征出发 ,讨论了我国会计准则的法律地位。在我国 ,目前应当充分肯定会计准则的法律地位 ,在认定虚假财务报告时应以会计准则作为基本依据 ,同时应当努力提高会计准则的质量 ,缩小会计准则与公众意识的差距。     

Polish Public Sector Accounting in Transition: Evidence From the Mid 1990s

The Polish public sector is still under transition that began at the turn of 1989/1990. In the mid-1990s a new significant development in public sector accounting took place. A substantial differentiation of the accounting system was introduced. New elements and relationships appeared, along with general domination of the Accounting Act, tax regulations and the Budgetary Law. The system of basic regulation of accounting and reporting has also changed. There were also some changes in the auditing system. The enactment in 1994 of the Accounting Act has brought to light the political character and political importance of financial information in Poland. This paper presents the current mode of public sector accounting regulation and its relationship with the overall system of Polish accounting regulations. Much attention has been devoted to specific principles of public sector accounting and financial reporting in the public sector, and to government accounting. Some political contaminations and consequences of the current accounting system have been pointed out.     

抓住机遇 巩固成果 全面推进我国的会计改革

近十年来，我国的企业会计改革取得了重大进展，在国际上得到了广泛认可，与国际会计准则委员会所倡导的会计国际化的宗旨是一致的。然而，从目前情况看，会计人员整体素质尚不能完全适应会计改革的要求，《企业会计制度》及相关会计准则的实施范围还不广泛，还存在一些执行中的问题。面对加入ＷＴＯ，我们应当抓住有利时机，巩固成果，全面推进我国的企业会计改革。     

ACCOUNTING FOR DERIVATES: BACK TO BASICS

Public accountants have had a hard time deciding how to account for derivatives that are used to hedge risks, which in turn has given derivatives users and others a hard time. For about six years, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) has struggled with several, often diametrically opposed procedures, ranging from showing all derivatives at “fair” values to deferring realized losses or gains on derivatives until related gains or losses on the hedged transactions have been realized (a practice known as “hedge accounting”). What is behind the FASB's inability to come up with a decisive and authoritative ruling? Although the politics of self-interest has fueled much of the debate, there is more to the problem than politics. The author argues that the underlying cause of the FASB's inability to reach a satisfactory and acceptable solution is not politics, but rather a flawed basic concept of how financial accounting should be done. In this article, the author recommends a procedure for derivatives accounting that was endorsed by the Financial Economists Roundtable in its 1995 “Statement on Accounting Disclosure about Financial Derivative Instruments.” The proposal, in brief, is this: Provided a company can satisfy its auditors that it is using derivatives primarily to hedge an offsetting price exposure, the firm should be given the option to use hedge accounting for that part of its derivatives position that is functioning as a hedge. All other investment or speculative uses of derivatives should be treated like other financial instruments and marked to market or fair value. Such a procedure, the author argues, is far more consistent than the FASB's recent proposals with fundamental principles of accounting that have been developed by accounting practitioners and scholars over several centuries.