财政部、国家税务总局关于外商投资企业和外国企业购置国产设备有关企业所得税政策问题的通知

对外商投资企业和外国企业购买国产设备投资抵免企业所得税和相关利润再投资退还企业所得税涉及的有关政策问题，经研究，现通知如下：一、根据《中华人民共和国外商投资企业和外国企业所得税法》第九条的规定，对外商投资企业和外国企业购买国产设备投资抵免的企业所得税。应按实际征收的企业所得税和地方所得税计算抵免税额。     

购国产设备抵免所得税政策缘何停止

日前,国家税务总局发布《关于停止执行企业购买国产设备投资抵免企业所得税政策问题的通知》(国税发〔2008〕52号),规定自2008年1月1日起,停止执行企业购买国产设备投资抵免企业所得税的政策。     

投资抵免所得税注意问题及计算方法

1999年12月2日，财政部、国家税务总局印发了《技术改造国产设备投资抵免企业所得税暂行办法》(财税字[1999]：190号)。为贯彻落实技术改造国产设备投资抵免企业所得税的政策规定，2000年1月17日，国家税务总局印发了《技术改造国产设备投资抵免企业所得税审核管理办法》(国税发[2000]13号)。笔者按照两个文件     

国家税和总局关于印发《外商投资企业和外国企业购买国产设备投资抵免企业所得税管理办法》的通知

为贯彻落实外商投资企业和外国企业购买国产设备投资抵免企业所得税的政策规定,规范和加强具体审核管理工作,根据财政部、国家税务总局《关于外商投资企业和外国企业购买国产设备投资抵免企业所得税有关问题的通知》的规定,国家税务总局制定了《外商投资企业和外国企业购买国产设备投资抵免企业所得税管理办法》,现印发给你们,请贯彻执行。执行中有何问题,请及时向总局反映。     

外资企业购买国产设备投资抵税问题研究

投资抵免所得税是世界各国常用的刺激投资和经济增长的主要税收优惠政策工具之一,在西方发达国家已使用多年.根据财税字[2000]49号文<关于外商投资企业和外国企业购买国产设备投资抵免企业所得税有关问题的通知>、国税发[2000]90号文<外商投资企业和外国企业购买国产设备投资抵免企业所得税管理办法>,国税函[2005]488号文<国家税务总局关于外商投资企业和外国企业购买国产设备投资抵免企业所得税若干问题的通知>以及财税[2005]74号文<财政部、国家税务总局关于外商投资企业和外国企业购置国产设备有关企业所得税政策的问题>等相关文件规定,我国已经形成较为完善的外资企业购置国产设备抵税制度.     

税收法令政策公报——国家税务总局关于印发《技术改造国产设备投资抵免企业所得税审核管理办法〉的通知

为贯彻落实技术改造国产设备投资抵免企业所得税政策，规范和加强审核管理，国家税务总局制定了《技术改造国产设备投资抵免企业所得税审核管理办法》，现印发给你们，请认真贯彻执行。执行中有何问题，请及时向总局反映。     

技术改造国产设备投资抵免企业所得税审核管理办法

第一条 为贯彻落实技术改造国产设备投资抵免企业所得税的政策规定，规范和加强审核管理工作，根据《中华人民共和国企业所得税暂行条例》及其《实施细则》和财政部、国家税务总局关于《技术改造国产设备投资抵免企业所得税暂行办法》(以下简称暂行办法)等有关规定，制定本办法。     

技术改造投资抵免所得税政策一项含金量颇高的税收优惠政策

1999年12月8日,财政部、国家税务总局联合下发了《技术改造国产设备投资抵免企业所得税暂行办法》(财税字[1999]290号,以下称《暂行办法》),自1999年7月1日起开始执行。此后不久,与之休戚相关的另一项税收政策,即《技术改造国产设备投资抵免企业所得税审核管理办法》(国税发[2000]013号,以下称《审核办法》),也于2000年1月17日下发,这两项税收政策可以统称为“技术改造投资抵免企业所得税政策”。为什么要在税收上对企业技术改造国产设备作出规定?企业应该如何正确使用     

国产设备投资抵免税政策有待改进

国产设备投资抵免企业所得税是对在我国境内投资于符合国家产业政策的技术改造项目的企业，其项目所需国产设备投资40％可从企业改造项目设备购置当年比前一年新增的企业所得税中抵免，抵免期限最长不超过五年。简而言之，境内企业购买国内的作为固定资产管理的机器、机械、运输工具、设备等时，用自筹资金购买的部分，     

外商投资企业采购国产设备的税务筹划

<国家税务总局关于印发〈外商投资企业采购国产设备退税管理试行办法〉的通知>(国税发[1999]171号,以下简称"1 71号文")与<财政部、国家税务总局关于外商投资企业和外国企业购买国产设备投资抵免企业所得税有关问题的通知>(财税字[2000]49号,以下简称"49号文")规定外商投资企业采购符合条件的国产设备,可以享受退还增值税和抵免企业所得税优惠政策(以下简称"退抵税优惠政策").笔者认为应在熟知上述政策的适用范围和条件的前提下,结合技术改造过程中的设备采购业务,进行相关的税务筹划活动.     

The value of a flow-through entity in an integrated corporate tax system

In an integrated corporate tax system, resident shareholders receive a tax credit for corporate tax paid that can be used to offset personal tax on dividend income. Nonresident and tax-exempt (pension plan) investors cannot use the tax credit on corporate dividends and thus prefer to invest in flow-through entities. We estimate the value of the flow-through entity to nonresident and pension plan investors by examining the price change around the date of an unexpected announcement of a change in tax law related to Canadian publicly traded income trusts units creating an entity-level tax that makes them no longer tax-favored to these investors.     

Tax credit rating and corporate innovation decisions

The tax credit rating mechanism was formally implemented in 2014. As an important tax collection and management innovation, it has attracted the attention of regulatory authorities and scholars. Different from the literature that directly examines corporate tax compliance, we focus on the impact of tax credit rating implementation on corporate research and development (R&D) investment decisions. Using listed companies’ data from 2014 to 2019, we find that companies with higher tax credit ratings invest more in innovation, because the system helps managers identify R&D opportunities, alleviates corporate financing constraints and reduces agency costs. We confirm that tax credit ratings have manifold impacts on corporate information environments and business decisions, with better ratings positively affecting firms’ business decisions. This discovery can inform tax policy reform, encourage corporate innovation and construct social credit systems.     

略论税收债权

税收债权债务理论的引入,使税收法律关系被界定为债权债务关系。然而,税收债权作为公法之债,毕竟有不同于一般债权的特性。为使税收制度理论与实务不断完善,必须正确界定税收债权与一般债权的区别,同时构建相关的制度以确保税收债权的实现。     

税收信用体系建设与建立征信国家

市场经济的本质是信用经济，税收信用是信用体系的一部分。建立税收信用体系，一方面可以为建立征信国家提供纳税信用信息，完善信用数据库；另一方面，一个征信国家有完善的征信服务。信息资源共享，可以帮助税务部门更好地监控税源，激励纳税人提高纳税信用。所以，应尽快在我国建立起税收信用体系。     

Deregulation,tax reform,and the use of consumer credit

This article analyzes the probable effects of recent deregulation of consumer credit markets and tax reform on household credit-use decisions. The results of the analysis suggest that deregulation of rates of charge for consumer credit contracts accounts for a substantial portion of the increase in consumer credit outstanding relative to household income since 1982. The effect would not originate from the extention of credit in newly deregulated markets to households that had not been able to get credit before (widening of credit use). Rather, it would come from the provision of greater amounts of credit to borrowers in general (deepening of credit use). With regard to tax reform, the probability of debt use is significantly higher for those households most likely to itemize deductions for federal income tax purposes. Holding the level of interest rates constant, tax reform that removes the deductibility of consumer interest is not expected to affect the amount of credit used relative to income but is expected to have a significant effect on the type of debt used by such households. They will likely be early adopters of home equity lines of credit. Their shift from consumer to mortage credit is expected to have a long-term negative effect on the credit quality of consumer credit portfolios.This work was partially supported by the Credit Research Center. Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.     

Inventories,credit transactions,and the marginal effective tax rate

It is observed that marginal effective tax rates (METR), as conventionally calculated, can only consider working capital requirements to a limited extent. A formula is derived to incorporate inventory requirements into the calculation and, via a numerical example, it is shown that such an incorporation can radically alter METRs from those conventionally calculated. The analysis is extended to credit transactions without affecting the above conclusion. Thus, if METRs are to be used as a means of evaluating the effects of tax policy on the incentive to invest, working capital requirements need to be explicitly allowed for.     

Australia's home bias and cross border taxation

The paper examines the impact of cross border taxation on Australia's free float home bias. The paper controls for various sources of home bias including familiarity, explicit cost, diversification motives and governance issues when examining the impact of cross border tax variables. In our sample of 44 foreign countries where Australia invests over the period 2001 to 2009, about 66% (82%) withhold taxes on realized capital gains (dividends) of foreign investors. A tax credit variable for foreign taxes paid on dividends is constructed and found to be statistically significant in reducing home bias.     

How to design down-and-out barrier option contracts so that firms invest when it is socially efficient

This paper investigates how to design down-and-out barrier options contracts so as firms invest when it is socially efficient. A government initially offers a firm a privileged right to exercise an investment opportunity that exhibits external benefits to society, but will eliminate this opportunity if its prospects are sufficiently bleak. The firm will invest at the date further away from that is socially efficient if the firm either is less uncertain about the return of the investment or incurs lower investment costs, or the government owns a more valuable knock-out option. Consequently, under these three scenarios the government can efficiently either offer the firm a higher investment tax credit or impose the firm a higher lease fee for holding the option to invest.     

税收征管中的信息不对称研究

信息不对称尤其是纳税人与税务机关之间的信息不对称给税收征管带来很大的危害。结合我国的实际情况,解决此问题的有效手段包括:加大检查和惩罚力度;畅通信息渠道;改善信用制度。     

完善税收抵免制度 促进企业对外投资

我国既有中国特色又与国际接轨的税收抵免制度已经建立。然而,这项制度还未健全,尚需完善。本文建议我国要以促进企业对外投资为主目标,进一步加强税收抵免政策和法律法规建设;要以服务企业对外投资为出发点,进一步加强税收抵免管理体系和机制建设。