基于效率与公平视角的财政支农政策探究

财政支农政策是党和政府推进农村改革和农业发展的基本手段，是协调社会利益关系，引导农业经营者行为的基本杠杆。财政支农政策的目标选择决定着财政资金的去向及其使用效率。本文基于公平与效率的视角，从社会经济发展进程中效率与公平的关系演变出发，分析了现阶段财政支农政策偏差导致公平与效率失衡的主要表现，并提出兼顾公平与效率，创新财政支农政策的目标取向。     

中国农业保险的政策调整、需求演变及补贴差异——基于工业化进程的视角

农业保险的发展受制于工业化进程,每一个国家都只能选择与其工业化发展水平相适应的农业保险模式。随着工业化的推进,政府的农业保险政策和市场的农业保险需求都会发生变化。当前中国工业化进程的区域差距导致了政策性农业保险补贴的地区差异,建议根据各地区的经济发展水平在地方政府和中央政府之间分担财政补贴资金的比例,在全国范围内提供补贴标准和保障水平相近的农业保险服务。     

我国金融结构的区域差异研究

我国地区间发展不平衡,经济区域化特征明显,区域经济发展不平衡与区域金融发展不平衡共存,区域金融结构的差异问题越来越突出,东中西部的金融发展差距还在拉大。研究并解决区域金融结构的差异、促进地区金融和地区经济的和谐发展已经迫在眉睫。     

增加中西部地区农村金融供给的途径分析

我国中西部农村地区金融发展能有效促进区域经济发展。中西部农村金融资产不足与中西部农村贫困互为因果，因此需要加大对中西部地区农村资产市场的开发，激活农地经营权市场成为可行的开发战略。需要继续加大对中西部农村地区的货币与资本资源供给。同时，制度供给和文化建设也是发展中西部农村金融市场的必要环节。     

建立适应新农村建设需要的农村支付服务体系

建设社会主义新农村是党中央构建和谐社会、统筹城乡发展的重大举措。随着新农村建设“的逐步深入，农村工业化、城镇化以及农业产业化进程的不断推进，农村金融服务面临的需求环境正在发生着深刻变化，这对农村金融改革创新的广度和深度提出了更高的要求。为充分发一挥支付结算服务体系对新农村建设的支撑作用，本文在深入分析当前农村地区支付结算服务面临新形势的基础上，研究提出了适应农村经济发展的支付体系制度安排等相关政策建议。     

广东区域金融发展实证研究

随着经济货币化和金融化进程的推进，金融对经济的推动作用在不断增强。发达地区凭借其良好的经济环境进而充分调动金融资源而得以迅速发展，而欠发达地区金融资源的利用效率往往很低，导致潜在的经济发展要素无法启动而难以找到经济发展的突破口。因此，怎样发挥区域金融资源在区域经济发展的推动作用，促进区域经济的协调、快速发展，是中国经济发展中的一大课题。本文通过对广东区域经济和区域金融发展状况的实证分析，阐明广东区域经济和区域金融的二元结构，揭示广东发达地区与欠发达地区利用金融资源的不同效率，提出利用区域金融资源促进区域经济发展的建议。     

信贷配给与区域经济发展

本文利用面板联立方程和多变量格兰杰因果检验，分别考察中国全国、东中西部三大地区和各省市1978～2007年信贷配给与经济发展的关系。研究表明：（1）信贷配给与区域经济发展之间至少存在单向因果关系，但区域差异很大。在东部和中部，区域经济发展对信贷配给影响较小；在西部地区，区域经济发展对信贷配给的影响较大。信贷配给对西部经...     

民族地区财政扶持支柱产业成长机制探索——基于大理州工业发展的思考

工业化是民族地区经济发展的趋势。但是，由于可支配的财政资源有限，民族地区无法推动各产业同步均衡发展。因此，通过培植对区域经济发展具有带动、调节和转型作用的支柱产业推进区域工业体系发展成为民族地区工业化的重要战略。     

金融结构差异与区域经济发展探讨

金融是经济发展的核心,区域经济的发展离不开区域金融的推动和促进。然而,区域金融结构差异的存在也给区域经济的进一步发展带来了阻力。区域经济的发展不仅具有融资功能,还更应该发挥促进区域经济发展、促进产业结构升级、分散资金风险等功能。而对区域经济与区域金融在我国东中西部的非均衡发展,本文将对我国区域金融的发展对策进行探讨。     

对农业发展银行中国特色与发展战略的思考

对农业发展银行中国特色与发展战略的思考黄文襄，吴思麒作为一个处于工业化进程的发展中国家，我国也面临一系列其他国家工业化进程中曾经或正在面临的问题，如产业结构不合理、地区间经济社会发展严重失衡、社会资本奇缺等。适应社会主义市场经济的发展和金融改革的需要...     

教育与资本怎样的前景怎样的现实

来自政府的声音: "动员各种社会资源,发展教育" 此次论坛上财政部长助理张少春的发言是最受关注的发言之一.他的演讲传达出的信息有这样几方面:第一,谈到现实,他认为全社会对教育的巨大需求与我国公共投入不足已成为我国教育事业发展的突出矛盾.近年来,以公共部门投入为主,多渠道筹措教育经费的教育投入机制成为解决这一问题的重要途径,也使得公共部门与私营部门在教育领域的合作日益密切.第二,谈到前景,他认为,1.中国经济持续、快速的增长对高技能人才产生巨大的需求,这为私营部门的参与提供了广阔空间.2.随着公共财政职能的不断完善,财政资金将在各项教育事业中重新进行分配,进一步优化财政支出结构,提高资金的使用效率.在"十一五"期间,我国将把公共支出的重点转移到农村.我们将逐步把全体农村适龄儿童的义务教育全部纳入公共财政体制.     

Debt and Taxes and Uncertainty

With a graduated personal tax schedule, Miller showed that there could be an equilibrium debt supply for the corporate sector as a whole. In the presence of uncertainty there is also a unique debt/equity ratio for each individual firm, and this ratio is related to the firm's operational risk characteristics. However, if firms merge and spin off in response to tax incentives, the identity of firms is ambiguous and only the corporate sector is a meaningful construct. These arguments are developed in both discrete and continuous models that employ extensions of the arbitrage-free pricing theory.     

East and west and north and south : A preliminary model

The Brandt report and other proposals for a new North-South world order continue to be the focus of lively debate, yet it is often argued that little concrete has emerged from their recommendations. A major reason for this, the author argues, is that the East-West conflict component is not sufficiently taken into consideration-East-West tensions are a severe constraint on and a determining factor of North-South relations. Using influence diagrams, the author develops a flexible framework for discussion and assessment of N/S-E/W relations.     

Tournament-based incentives and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between tournament-based incentives, which are proxied by the difference between a firm's CEO pay and the median pay of the senior managers, and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that tournament-based incentives are positively related to firm acquisitiveness and acquiring firms' stock and operating performance. Further analysis indicates that positive acquisition performance increases the likelihood of the CEO being promoted from inside the acquiring firm. Our evidence is consistent with the view that tournament-based incentives motivate acquiring firms' managers to make greater efforts and take more risk that result in superior acquisition performance.     

Corporate Innovations and Mergers and Acquisitions

Using a large and unique patent‐merger data set over the period 1984 to 2006, we show that companies with large patent portfolios and low R&D expenses are acquirers, while companies with high R&D expenses and slow growth in patent output are targets. Further, technological overlap between firm pairs has a positive effect on transaction incidence, and this effect is reduced for firm pairs that overlap in product markets. We also show that acquirers with prior technological linkage to their target firms produce more patents afterwards. We conclude that synergies obtained from combining innovation capabilities are important drivers of acquisitions.     

Trust and cross-border mergers and acquisitions

A number of studies suggest that social trust matters for investment. Using different measures of trust from World Values Survey, we show that countries where people display higher levels of trust engage in more cross-border M&A activities. When they do, these acquirers pay lower premiums. To the extent that these acquirers also tend to engage in larger acquisitions as well, our findings suggest that a larger selection pool of potential targets and higher value targets enable these acquirers to negotiate for lower premiums. We do not find evidence of the significant effect for target country trust levels. Hence, trust may benefit those acquiring firms in cross-border transactions.     

Director gender and mergers and acquisitions

Does director gender influence CEO empire building? Does it affect the bid premium paid for target firms? Less overconfident female directors less overestimate merger gains. As a result, firms with female directors are less likely to make acquisitions and if they do, pay lower bid premia. Using acquisition bids by S&P 1500 companies during 1997–2009 we find that each additional female director is associated with 7.6% fewer bids, and each additional female director on a bidder board reduces the bid premium paid by 15.4%. Our findings support the notion that female directors help create shareholder value through their influence on acquisition decisions. We also discuss other possible interpretations of our findings.