注册会计师“审计合谋”问题探析

近年来,资本市场频繁发生的财务报告舞弊案例很多都牵涉到注册会计师的审计合谋问题,使投资者损失惨重,市场信心大降,严重影响了注册会计师审计的独立性.本文在阐明注册会计师审计合谋形成机理的基础上,结合我国实际剖析审计合谋的动因,并提出防范和治理审计合谋的对策.     

法律惩戒、审计意见与审计变通行为——来自上市公司的数据

作为中国资本市场中保护投资者利益的一种手段,法律惩戒在注册会计师行业监管中扮演着重要角色。本文通过对我国资本市场上市公司数据的研究表明,随着法律惩戒力度增强,审计意见和审计行为存在明显的变通可能性,注册会计师会更多地出具非标准审计意见类型的审计报告。这意味着,法律惩戒对审计意见类型具有重要影响,是注册会计师做出审计判断时考虑的一个重要因素。     

财务报告内部控制审计与财务报表审计的比较研究

财务报表审计与财务报告内部控制审计虽然都是注册会计师的两种审计业务,两者都强调合理保证,但是,在审计目标、业务类型及要素、审计方法和对内部控制的了解和测试等方面都有所不同,本文对这些差异进行了深入研究。     

基于审计过程和结果的审计质量博弈分析

近年来,国内外公司财务丑闻不断发生,审计实务界和理论界都广泛关注、研究审计质量的影响因素和评价指标.传统的审计质量评价大都是从审计意见是否与经审计的财务报告相符来衡量审计质量高低,本文认为,这种审计质量评价扩大了注册会计师的责任,并忽视了注册会计师的审计过程质量.因此本文提出了审计过程质量和审计结果质量两个评价指标,并在此基础上分别进行了审计过程的博弈分析和审计结果的博弈分析.     

财务报告内部控制审计与财务报表审计的比较研究

财务报表审计与财务报告内部控制审计虽然都是注册会计师的两种审计业务,两者都强调合理保证,但是,在审计目标、业务类型及要素、审计方法和对内部控制的了解和测试等方面都有所不、同。本文对这些差异进行了深入研究。     

我国上市公司审计合谋的原因分析及防范对策

注册会计师审计本应该是为了提高财务报表预期使用者对财务报表的信赖程度,但是近年来国内外一系列的财务舞弊案都是因为注册会计师为了获得经济利益,没有保持独立、客观、公正的基本原则而与被审计单位合谋。这一行为与审计本身的目的背道而驰,不仅让社会对审计行业产生了信用危机,更不利于资本市场的正常运行。本文通过外部监管、上市公司、会计师事务所三个层面对审计合谋产生的原因进行分析,并针对这三个层面的原因给出具体的应对措施,希望对防范审计合谋这一现象提供一些有用的建议。     

持续经营假设与审计意见关系的实证分析

本文采用实证研究方法，分析被审计单位持续经营假设对注册会计师的审计意见的影响，并从持续经营能力判别因素变量中，找出四个与非标准审计意见显著相关的指标变量进行分析，试图为注册会计师控制执业风险提供一种定量分析思路，以期提高注册会计师持续经营审计的准确性。     

浅析持续经营审计的特殊性——兼议《独立审计具体准则第17号——持续经营（修订）》

注册会计师对财务报告进行审计,其审计范围涵盖对持续经营基础的审计和以此为基础的财务报告其他内容的审计。在国内外审计实践中,一系列典型案件表明:最大的审计风险来源于被审计单位的经营失败,如何降低源于经营失败的审计风险成为审计职业界的一大难题。注册会计师在进行财务报告审计时,必须充分关注被审计单位编制财务报告是否科学合理地建立在持续经营基础之上,并以此作为发表审计意见的重要依据。本文拟对持续经营审计的特殊性进行探讨,并对中国注册会计师协会发布的《独立审计具体准则第17号——持续经营(修订)》(征求意见稿)提出一点建议。     

提升企业内控有效性的重要制度安排——关于实施企业内控注册会计师审计的有关问题

实施企业内控注册会计师审计具有十分重要的意义。在实施企业内控审计中，应当正确处理好企业内控责任与注册会计师审计责任的关系、企业内控自我评价与注册会计师内控审计的关系,内控审计和财务报表审计的关系．财务报告内控和非财务报告内控的关系，     

上市公司被立案调查影响审计意见研究

本文旨在研究上市公司被立案调查对注册会计师发表审计意见的影响。证券监管部门2013年度加大了对上市公司违规行为的立案调查,本文通过分析注册会计师发表的不同意见类型的审计意见,探讨同一事项差异化审计意见的合规性,进而对该问题产生的成因进行了研究。     

教育与资本怎样的前景怎样的现实

来自政府的声音: "动员各种社会资源,发展教育" 此次论坛上财政部长助理张少春的发言是最受关注的发言之一.他的演讲传达出的信息有这样几方面:第一,谈到现实,他认为全社会对教育的巨大需求与我国公共投入不足已成为我国教育事业发展的突出矛盾.近年来,以公共部门投入为主,多渠道筹措教育经费的教育投入机制成为解决这一问题的重要途径,也使得公共部门与私营部门在教育领域的合作日益密切.第二,谈到前景,他认为,1.中国经济持续、快速的增长对高技能人才产生巨大的需求,这为私营部门的参与提供了广阔空间.2.随着公共财政职能的不断完善,财政资金将在各项教育事业中重新进行分配,进一步优化财政支出结构,提高资金的使用效率.在"十一五"期间,我国将把公共支出的重点转移到农村.我们将逐步把全体农村适龄儿童的义务教育全部纳入公共财政体制.     

Debt and Taxes and Uncertainty

With a graduated personal tax schedule, Miller showed that there could be an equilibrium debt supply for the corporate sector as a whole. In the presence of uncertainty there is also a unique debt/equity ratio for each individual firm, and this ratio is related to the firm's operational risk characteristics. However, if firms merge and spin off in response to tax incentives, the identity of firms is ambiguous and only the corporate sector is a meaningful construct. These arguments are developed in both discrete and continuous models that employ extensions of the arbitrage-free pricing theory.     

East and west and north and south : A preliminary model

The Brandt report and other proposals for a new North-South world order continue to be the focus of lively debate, yet it is often argued that little concrete has emerged from their recommendations. A major reason for this, the author argues, is that the East-West conflict component is not sufficiently taken into consideration-East-West tensions are a severe constraint on and a determining factor of North-South relations. Using influence diagrams, the author develops a flexible framework for discussion and assessment of N/S-E/W relations.     

Tournament-based incentives and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between tournament-based incentives, which are proxied by the difference between a firm's CEO pay and the median pay of the senior managers, and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that tournament-based incentives are positively related to firm acquisitiveness and acquiring firms' stock and operating performance. Further analysis indicates that positive acquisition performance increases the likelihood of the CEO being promoted from inside the acquiring firm. Our evidence is consistent with the view that tournament-based incentives motivate acquiring firms' managers to make greater efforts and take more risk that result in superior acquisition performance.     

Trust and cross-border mergers and acquisitions

A number of studies suggest that social trust matters for investment. Using different measures of trust from World Values Survey, we show that countries where people display higher levels of trust engage in more cross-border M&A activities. When they do, these acquirers pay lower premiums. To the extent that these acquirers also tend to engage in larger acquisitions as well, our findings suggest that a larger selection pool of potential targets and higher value targets enable these acquirers to negotiate for lower premiums. We do not find evidence of the significant effect for target country trust levels. Hence, trust may benefit those acquiring firms in cross-border transactions.     

Corporate Innovations and Mergers and Acquisitions

Using a large and unique patent‐merger data set over the period 1984 to 2006, we show that companies with large patent portfolios and low R&D expenses are acquirers, while companies with high R&D expenses and slow growth in patent output are targets. Further, technological overlap between firm pairs has a positive effect on transaction incidence, and this effect is reduced for firm pairs that overlap in product markets. We also show that acquirers with prior technological linkage to their target firms produce more patents afterwards. We conclude that synergies obtained from combining innovation capabilities are important drivers of acquisitions.     

Director gender and mergers and acquisitions

Does director gender influence CEO empire building? Does it affect the bid premium paid for target firms? Less overconfident female directors less overestimate merger gains. As a result, firms with female directors are less likely to make acquisitions and if they do, pay lower bid premia. Using acquisition bids by S&P 1500 companies during 1997–2009 we find that each additional female director is associated with 7.6% fewer bids, and each additional female director on a bidder board reduces the bid premium paid by 15.4%. Our findings support the notion that female directors help create shareholder value through their influence on acquisition decisions. We also discuss other possible interpretations of our findings.