XBRL网络财务报告在上市公司应用中存在的问题及对策研究

目前,XBRL的应用越来越广泛,它为网络财务报告提供了一个标准平台,同时使上市公司在收集、交换、整理和再利用财务信息上变得更加便捷。然而目前我国上市公司所提供的XBRL财务报告仅仅只是改变了信息披露格式,并没有触及财务报告手段与内容的深层次改革。随着我国金融市场以及证券领域的逐渐完善和成熟,投资者对上市公司信息披露的质量和效率提出了新的要求,因此上市公司在运用XBRL网络财务报告披露财务信息时,首先要研究XBRL在我国上市公司应用中存在的问题及解决对策,才能真正运用好XBRL。     

XBRL财务报告实施效果研究——基于股价同步性的视角

2009年上交所与深交所正式要求上市公司同步披露PDF和XBRL格式的财务报告,理论上讲XBRL财务报告的实施可以降低投资者的信息处理成本,提高信息效率,使股价能够更充分地反映公司特质信息,从而降低股价的同步性,提高证券市场的资源配置效率。本文利用2007-2012年A股上市公司数据对上交所和深交所实施XBRL的效果进行检验。实证结果表明,XBRL财务报告的实施能够有效降低股价波动的同步性;尽管两个交易所实施XBRL方式有所不同,在网页呈现质量和信息含量上各有所长,但在降低股价同步性的效果上不存在显著差异。     

XBRL环境下财务报告鉴证框架的建构——基于XBRL财务报告元素的角度

基于XBRL财务报告元素的角度,构建了由总体鉴证目标(XBRL财务报告真实恰当地反映了企业的经济事实或者纸质报告)、具体鉴证目标(XBRL财务报告的合规性和可靠性)和管理层认定组成的XBRL环境下财务报告的鉴证框架,并对XBRL财务报告进行了鉴证,发现在XBRL财务呈报中出现了违反基本元素标记的完整性和元素数据的金额准确性等的错报。在XBRL财务报告的推进过程中需要贯彻实施通用分类标准,加快制定行业扩展分类标准,并加强对XBRL财务报告质量的人工校验以及完善编制流程的内部控制等。     

XBRL应用机理及其在我国的运用分析

PREFACE/前言XBRL(可扩展商业报告语言)的产生是为了满足国内外企业各利益相关者的信息需求.弥补目前网络财务报告语言(如HTML)的不足。本文以分析XBRL的产生机理为出发点,介绍其在网络财务报告披露中的运行机制结合XBRL在实际运用中的各种优点指出我国对XBRL的运用不足和相关建议。     

XBRL的应用对信息不对称的影响

可扩展商业报告语言（XBRL）是基于可扩展标记语言（XML）的网络财务报告标准语言。本文研究使用XBRL陈报财务报告对中国股票市场信息不对称的影响。结论表明,XBRL的应用降低了市场交易中的信息不对称,但并没有受到公司规模的显著影响。     

基于XBRL的网络财务报告的应用

本文通过分析网络财务报告发展现状，认为XBRL是网络财务报告模式的最优工具，具体介绍基于XBRL的网络财务报告在我国的应用。     

上市银行XBRL财务报告现状及存在的问题

信息质量可靠是XBRL财务报告发展的根本动力。XBRL报告已在我国上市公司全面实施,因此需要对XBRL报告信息披露现状进行分析评价。本文通过对上海证券交易所上市银行XBRL报告与PDF报告的比较发现,XBRL报告存在报表项目漏报、报表项目错报、报表项目顺序排列错误、金额错报和漏报、金额符号错误、合计金额错误等六种问题。进而,就如何解决XBRL报告问题本文提出了一些建议,主要包括:改进XBRL报告报送系统、进一步推广应用XBRL分类标准、加强上市公司XBRL应用能力的培训、实现会计信息系统与XBRL的有效链接,同时还需要发展XBRL鉴证业务以进一步确保XBRL报告的可靠性。     

XBRL的应用研究

21世纪网络财务报告取代传统财务报告将成为不可逆转的历史潮流。本文介绍了XBRL的产生与发展背景，分析了XBRL应用的优势及存在的问题；并对我国广泛推广XBRL提供了建议。     

XBRL技术基于SWOT矩阵分析法的应用研究

目前,XBRL作为一种新型的网络商务报告语言,它的及时性、高效性、可扩展性和信息共享性已对上市公司的财务报告产生了重大影响,它的应用极大地提高了财务报告的编制效率,提供了更为准确性的数据,且能实现不同数据间的无损转换,这样就满足了不同财务报告使用者的信息需求.因此,它将是未来企业的战略需求,只是它仍有部分的局限性,我们应通过加强XBRL知识的传播、构建安全的信息系统等措施为XBRL的应用创设良好的环境,保证XBRL技术在企业内部的良性、健康发展.     

XBRL环境下审计证据可靠性研究

随着XBRL新技术的普及应用。将给企业财务信息的披露带来深刻的变革，对企业信息供应链上的所有信息使用者将产生巨大的影响。二十一世纪以来，XBR工网络财务报告在世界范围内得到了广泛应用，但是XBRL技术的实施给企业内部控制和审计带来了全新的挑战和风险。XBRL在信息安全性、可靠性、准确性等方面存在的诸多局限，从而使得审计证据的真实性、可靠性受到质疑。本文在分析XBRL局限性的基础上，论述XBRL的应用对审计证据真实、可靠性的影响及其相应的对策建议。     

XBRL财务报告分类标准评价——基于财务报告分类与公司偏好的报告实务的匹配性研究

XBRL是网络财务报告向高级阶段发展的技术基础,可以改进信息的编报和使用。然而,XBRL财务报告生成和应用的一个关键问题是采用的财务报告分类与公司偏好的报告实务间能否很好的匹配,匹配性差将导致信息损失。本文仅针对财务报表附注项目,将12个行业117个上市公司2005年年报中披露的项目与上交所制定的《中国上市公司信息披露分类》标准中定义的相应标记匹配,发现二者间存在着较大的差异,并且行业间的差异不显著。我们认为XBRL网络财务报告目前还不适宜全面应用,当务之急是进一步修改完善分类标准。     

大数据时代线领财务报告变革

财务报告的改进离不开信息技术的发展,可扩展商业报告语言（XBRL）推动了财务报告在互联网时代的发展,而大数据时代的技术变革和思维变革将再次引领财务报告新的突破,在财务报告模式的重构、信息披露制度的改进、网络财务报告方面产生重要的影响。     

XBRL and Accruals: Empirical Evidence from China

We examine whether XBRL adoption by publicly traded firms on the Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange is related to the level of total accruals that firms report in the pre‐XBRL versus post‐XBRL periods. Our results indicate that the level of total accruals in the post‐XBRL period is lower relative to the pre‐XBRL period. This finding is robust to several controls for macroeconomic conditions and firm fundamentals. Moreover, we find this main effect is most prominent for firms that are most likely to benefit from greater transparency: high‐growth firms, small firms, and firms in high‐technology industries. One interpretation of our results is that XBRL implementation decreases investor’s information acquisition costs and thereby improves their ability to detect earnings management; managers in turn reduce accruals.     

The Evolution of Consolidated Financial Reporting in Australia

This paper reviews the history of financial reporting by corporate groups in Australia, and in particular, the States of New South Wales and Victoria. Changes in Statutory and Stock Exchange rules governing consolidated reporting are described and the financial reporting practices of Australian holding companies between 1930 and 1962 are surveyed. The evidence indicates that (a) while the practice was not widespread, some Australian holding companies supplemented their financial statements with consolidated financial statements prior to the incorporation of such a requirement in either legislation or Stock Exchange listing requirements; (b) the influence of Stock Exchanges on the evolution of this practice is somewhat less than that previously attributed to it; and (c) the rapid spread of this form of reporting in an essentially unregulated environment (N.S. W.) coincided with the development of a market for public debt securities.     

The Israeli XBRL Adoption Experience

eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) is a language for the electronic communication of business and financial data which is revolutionizing business reporting around the world. It is a tool to bridge potential language barriers and unify financial reporting. This has appeal to foreign investors, among others, who can rely on information in XBRL‐tagged financial reports to make investment decisions without having to translate financial statements from local language. In 2008, Israel required most public companies to adopt International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) for financial reporting and to use XBRL‐tagged reporting format, as part of an aggressive effort to make its capital markets more transparent and attractive for foreign investors. In this paper, we study all Israeli public companies and analyze the accuracy and reliability of their XBRL‐tagged financial statements that are available on MAGNA, the Israel Securities Authority's electronic system. We describe the process by which the XBRL‐based data were collected and reported. We document, categorize, and analyze deficiencies in the XBRL‐tagged filings, and inconsistencies between them and the Hebrew‐based annual reports. We observe pervasive data entry errors resulting in inaccurate XBRL‐generated financial reports, which went undetected for over one year. Further, first year XBRL reporting (in conjunction with IFRS adoption) did not increase foreign investment in the Israeli capital markets. This analysis allows us to better understand the benefits and challenges of the adoption of XBRL.     

老挝金融改革与发展研究

本文介绍了当前老挝人民民主共和国的经济概况,梳理了老挝自1986年开始的经济改革政策。老挝银行业由一级银行系统转变为二级银行系统的改革,多元化银行主体基本成型,商业银行资产质量、规模及主要指标不断向好;老挝证券交易所自2011年初正式运营交易,成为全球最袖珍的证交所;老挝保险市场也不断扩大。在此基础上,提出扩大两国贸易投资、建立金融平台交流机制、信息互换机制等措施,深化中老两国的金融合作与发展。     

Introducing XBRL through a financial statement analysis project

In this project, we introduce business and accounting students to the application of eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) through the use of interactive data. Students study the basic concepts and potential benefits of interactive data and XBRL. Students learn to extract the financial reports of two companies in the same industry. Then, using traditional financial analysis techniques (ratio analysis) students can compare the performance of these companies. Thus, the project accomplishes two important objectives: it introduces students to the benefits and features of XBRL-tagged financial reporting and interactive data, and it shows how this medium can be used to facilitate the analysis of financial statements. The project uses free, publicly available interactive data tools to accomplish these objectives.This project is appropriate for any level of financial accounting course in which students use public company financial statements to generate financial ratios and conduct analysis on them. We aim the project at MBA-type introductory accounting courses. In addition, we show how it can easily be expanded to be applied to higher level financial statement analysis courses, both at the undergraduate and graduate levels. The project provides some background into how XBRL-tagged financial reporting is generated, while the main focus is on application of interactive data and not the technology itself. Since XBRL is now mandated by the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for most reporting entities, it is critical for today’s business students to be familiar with this method of communicating financial information.     

CAP Forum on E‐Business: Assurance Reporting for XML‐Based Information Services: XARL (Extensible Assurance Reporting Language)*

Extensible business reporting language (XBRL) is an XML‐based method for financial reporting. XBRL was developed to provide users with an efficient and effective means of preparing and exchanging financial information over the Internet. However, like other unprotected data coded in XML, XBRL (document) files (henceforth “documents") are vulnerable to threats against their integrity. Anyone can easily create and manipulate an XBRL document without authorization. In addition, business and financial information in XBRL can be misinterpreted, or used without the organization's consent or knowledge. Extensible assurance reporting language (XARL) was developed by Boritz and No (2003) to enable assurance providers to report on the integrity of XBRL documents distributed over the Internet. Providing assurance on XBRL documents using XARL could help users and companies reduce the uncertainty about the integrity of those documents and provide users with trustworthy information that they could place warranted reliance upon. A limitation of the initial conception of XARL was its tight linkage with the XBRL document and the comparatively primitive approach to codifying the XARL taxonomy. In this paper, we have reconceptualized the idea of XARL as a stand‐alone service for providing assurance on potentially any XML‐based information being shared over the Internet. While our illustrative application in this paper continues to be XBRL‐coded financial information, the code that underlies this version of XARL is a significant revision of our earlier implementation of XARL, is compatible with the latest version of XBRL, and moves XARL into the Web services arena.     

XBRL adoption and expected crash risk

The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) mandated the adoption of eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) in 2009, with the aim of facilitating data exchange and reducing information processing costs. To shed light on the economic consequences of this important disclosure regulation, this study investigates whether and how XBRL mandate impacts investor expectations of future crash risk. Using the steepness of the option implied volatility smirk as a proxy for ex ante expectation of crash risk, we find that expected crash risk decreases after adoption of XBRL. Moreover, we document that the effect is more pronounced for firms with higher financial opacity, more volatile earnings, and greater analyst forecast dispersion. Further, our analysis generates evidence that the use of customized extension XBRL elements attenuates the effect of XBRL reporting on reducing expected crash risk. Our empirical results are robust to a variety of sensitivity checks. Overall, the findings indicate that XBRL reduces information processing costs and strengthens information transparency of capital markets, which in turn, reduces investor expectations of future crash risk.