共查询到10条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
David Granlund 《International Tax and Public Finance》2007,14(4):503-524
This paper addresses vertical fiscal externalities in a model where the state governments provide health care and the federal
government provides a sickness benefit. Both levels of government tax labor income and policy decisions affect labor income
as well as participation in the labor market. The results show that the vertical externality affecting the state governments’
policy decisions can be either positive or negative depending on, among other things, the wage elasticity of labor supply
and the marginal product of expenditure on health care. Moreover, it is proved that the vertical fiscal externality will not
vanish by assigning all powers of taxation to the states.
相似文献
2.
In a decentralised tax system, the effects of tax policies enacted by one government are not confined to its own jurisdiction. First, if both the regional and the federal levels of government co-occupy the same fields of taxation, tax rate increases by one layer of government will reduce taxes collected by the other. Second, if the tax base is mobile, tax rate increases by one regional government will raise the amount of taxes collected by other regional governments. These sources of fiscal interdependence are called in the literature vertical and horizontal tax externalities, respectively. Third, as Smart (1998) shows, if equalisation transfers are present, an increase in the standard equalisation tax rate provides incentives to raise taxes to the receiving provinces. A way to check the empirical relevance of these hypotheses is to test for the existence of interactions between the regional tax rate, on the one hand, and the federal tax rate, the tax rate set by competing regions, and the standard equalisation tax rate, on the other hand. Following this approach, this paper estimates provincial tax setting functions with data on Canadian personal income taxation for the period 1982–1996. We find a significant positive response of provincial tax rates to changes in the federal income tax rate, the tax rates of competing provinces, and the standard equalisation rate (only for receiving provinces). We also find that the reaction to horizontal competition is stronger in the provinces that do not receive equalisation transfers. 相似文献
3.
Christos Kotsogiannis 《International Tax and Public Finance》2010,17(1):1-14
Recent work has shown that a system of equalization grants can neutralize the efficiency loss caused by tax competition among
lower-level governments. These models, however, ignore the vertical tax externalities that occur when the federal and lower-level
governments levy taxes on the same base. This paper incorporates equalization grants into a standard capital tax competition
model in which there are horizontal tax externalities between jurisdictions and vertical tax externalities between the levels
of government. It is shown that, even in the presence of vertical tax externalities, an efficient level of lower-level government
taxation can be achieved with a modifying version of a standard equalization grant formula. 相似文献
4.
Academic literature in public finance has focused on interjurisdictional tax competition—namely among similar types of local governments—but has leaved vertical externalities arising from interactions between two overlapping governments sharing the same tax base aside. The purpose of this paper is to provide a simple model within which interjurisdictional tax competition and vertical interactions between two overlapping governments that share the same tax base can be analyzed simultaneously. We find that interjurisdictional tax competition reduces the global tax rate set by both overlapping governments (federal and local) but is unable to solve completely the distortion arising from vertical externalities. The model is also extended to allow for government subsidies to industrial capital. We give sufficient conditions for capital subsidies to be more efficient to attract capital when they are granted at a federal level rather than at a local level. 相似文献
5.
Efficiency and the optimal direction of federal-state transfers 总被引:1,自引:5,他引:1
It seems to be widely believed that the case for centralizing revenue-raising is stronger than that for centralizing expenditure decisions, so that federal governments should typically make transfers to lower-level (state) governments. This paper argues, however, that pure efficiency considerations may plausibly point in exactly the opposite direction. This arises because of a vertical fiscal externality: the typical state may neglect the impact that its tax decisions have on the federal tax base. The optimal federal response is to internalize this distortion of state decisions by means of offsetting subsidy on the common tax base, the financing of which may plausibly require transfers from the states. 相似文献
6.
7.
Matthias Wrede 《International Tax and Public Finance》2000,7(2):163-175
This paper deals with a specific vertical assignment of public functions in a federation: Two levels of government share both the same tax source and expenditure on a productivity increasing public service. We consider surplus maximizing Leviathan governments which provide public services in order to increase their potential tax base. The Nash equilibrium is characterized by overtaxation and relative to surplus maximization—depending on whether or not the public goods are sufficiently complementary with the entire tax base—either underprovision or overprovision of the public service. The implications of these results, in terms of welfare and potential use for earmarking taxes are also considered. 相似文献
8.
9.
Tax Competition and Fiscal Equalization 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
Marko Köthenbürger 《International Tax and Public Finance》2002,9(4):391-408
This paper analyzes the relation between tax competition and fiscal equalization. In particular, it asks the question whether fiscal equalization schemes can mitigate inefficient tax competition. Two transfer schemes are considered: tax revenue and tax base equalization schemes. The paper shows that equalizing transfers may internalize fiscal externalities. In particular, in a small open economy tax base equalization yields efficient tax rates. Thus, transfer mechanisms with an explicit redistributive character do not always impair efficiency. 相似文献
10.
Fiscal Externalities and Efficient Transfers in a Federation 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Motohiro Sato 《International Tax and Public Finance》2000,7(2):119-139
This paper investigates properties of the second best allocation in a fiscal federal system in which both federal tax and intergovernmental grants are involved and the taxation is distortionary. Also, optimal federal grants and tax policies in a decentralized fiscal system are examined. Our major findings are: (i) the second best does not require the equalization of marginal cost of public funds across regions in a conventional form; (ii) matching grants based on either the local tax rates or tax revenues should be introduced to internalize the tax externality; and (iii) once lump-sum and matching grants are optimized, federal tax policy becomes redundant so the optimal fiscal gap is indeterminate. 相似文献