人民币名义有效汇率对进口价格的传递效应研究

本文基于一个成本加成模型,实证分析了人民币名义有效汇率对进口价格的传递效应。结果表明,1995年第一季度到2007年第二季度期间,人民币名义有效汇率的进口价格传递是不完全的:汇率若升值1%,短期内进口价格下降约0.26个百分点,长期下降0.25—0.29个百分点。利用滚动回归方法发现1995至2007年期间汇率对进口价格的传递程度呈先下降后上升的趋势。进一步检验表明,人民币名义有效汇率对进口价格的传递一定程度上内生于国内通货膨胀环境,同时也可能和进口产品结构的演变有关。     

人民币“外升内贬”:我国经济发展的阶段性现象

正在2005年7月21日汇率形成机制改革前,人民币对美元中间价为8.2765,截至2013年11月末,人民币对美元中间价为6.1325,人民币对美元累计升值35%。同期,国际清算银行计算的人民币名义有效汇率指数(名义有效汇率为一国货币与其贸易伙伴国货币双边名义汇率的加权平均数)由88.1上升至113.4,升值28.8%。在人民币升值的这段时间内,国内CPI年均上涨3.1%,人民币呈现对外升值、对内贬值的现象。理性全面看待     

人民币对“一篮子货币”汇率的波动——非线性Fourier函数分析

本文采用非线性Fourier函数方法分析了2005年7月份以来,人民币对美元及非美元货币(欧元、日元)汇率之间的关系。协整检验分析结果显示,人民币对美元、欧元、日元汇率与物价水平之间存在协整关系,且具有非线性特征;向量误差修正模型分析结果显示,短期内人民币对欧元、日元汇率向长期均衡汇率调整值大于人民币对美元汇率的调整值,且人民币对美元、欧元汇率的短期调整具有非线性波动特征;脉冲响应函数分析结果显示,中国物价水平升高,推动了人民币对美元、日元升值,但减缓了人民币对欧元升值。     

人民币汇率基础与汇率制度选择

在东南亚金融危机之后,人民币钉住美元,相对于其它货币有大幅度升值,给中国经济启动带来了一定的困难。人民币汇率的长期均衡和短期均衡状况,都表明人民币名义汇率已接近起初汇率我国应实行一揽子货币原则的弹性管理汇率制度,真正实现人民币汇率的稳定。     

中美双边汇率对美国消费价格传递效应的实证研究

人民币升值的价格传递效果是近年来的一个研究热点。已有学者利用人民币汇率变动与关国对我国进口价格指数等数据进行研究，得出了人民币汇率变动的价格传递极低的结论。本文选择美国与我国贸易品相关性较高的消费品价格指数，利用2005年7月至2008年10月之间的月度数据，采用Johsen＆Juselius协整检验、误差修正模型分析汇改以来人民币汇率升值期间中关双边名义汇率变动的价格传递效应。研究发现中关双边名义汇率波动对美国消费物价的影响是显著的，长短期传递系数分别为O．1871、0．1917，并在此研究中得到几点政策启示。     

货币国际化降低了出口汇率风险吗?——以金融危机中的日本为例

本文通过实证分析发现,金融危机爆发后,日元对出口中标价货币的汇率升值是日元标价出口价格和收入大幅下降的关键原因,然后我们证明了日本的出口标价结构和日元对主要标价货币的名义汇率变动直接决定了日元对标价货币的汇率变动,说明出口中的本币国际化程度对企业的出口价格和收入产生直接的影响,货币国际化能有效降低出口的汇率风险。结合中国的出口竞争力和出口标价结构,本文认为推进人民币国际化是降低出口企业汇率风险的重要途径,而在未来的汇率制度改革过程中需要考虑出口标价结构和本币国际化程度的影响。     

人民币进口汇率传递效应及国外出口商定价能力——产业视角下的实证研究

本文在局部均衡框架下建立了引入进口关税的成本加成模型分析国外出口厂商的定价行为,并构建了我国各产业的进口价格、名义有效汇率和国外出口商生产成本指数,利用分布滞后模型首次对各产业的汇率传递效应进行了实证研究。主要发现:无论短期还是长期,各产业进口价格的汇率传递效应都存在很大差异。以采掘、皮革、冶金和纺织为主的资源类产品的进口价格传递弹性普遍较高,甚至超过具有高附加值的机械产业。资源类中以进口稀有金属为主的采掘业长期传递弹性最高。短期内,几乎所有产业的外国出口厂商都会通过调整成本加成来吸收汇率变动;而在长期,汇率变动基本上对各产业进口价格都有不同程度的传递,尤其资源类产业更倾向于采取生产方货币定价方式。结果表明我国一方面可以通过汇率升值提高购买力,另一方面在产业结构调整中则强烈需要改变现有高耗能的增长模式。     

关于美元-日元的长期汇率走势

美元日元的长期汇率风险 1997年亚洲金融危机以来,在美元对日元强劲走势的刺激下,东南亚许多国家的银行、公司以及中央银行似乎已经忘记了1985年至1995年期间日元对美元急剧升值给其资产和债务带来的巨大外汇风险,不仅把本国货币紧紧地钉住美元,而且主要以美元作为其计价与收入货币,大量增持美元资产,并把日元作为弱势货币,增持其长期日元债务.这样的资产、收入与负债的币种结构安排,从短期看,无可厚非,但从长期的角度看,蕴藏着巨大的汇率风险.无论是一国中央银行或财政部,还是一家商业银行或一家公司,对于长期债务和资产的币种安排,必须以汇率的长期走势、即未来的汇率为计算基础,决不能以短期的汇率走势或当前的汇率为计算基础.     

股票市场、人民币汇率与中国货币需求

本文在开放经济条件下考察了1999年1月至2010年5月期间中国货币需求函数的特征。研究结果表明通胀预期、股票价格波动和人民币汇率是影响长期货币需求的重要因素。股票收益率和通胀预期都是衡量企业和居民持有货币的重要机会成本变量,但通胀预期占主导地位。人民币升值和升值预期通过货币替代效应和国际资本流动效应增加了长期实际货币余额需求。研究结果还表明在样本期间人民币汇率波动的短期国际资本流动效应是造成中国A股市场动荡加剧的重要原因之一。这意味着中国货币政策的制定与实施应该至少关注资产价格波动和考虑人民币汇率因素,尤其是当前应特别注重稳定人民币升值预期。     

关于人民币汇率问题的观点综述

亚洲金融危机后,要求人民币升值的国际舆论此起彼伏,从未停息.2002年,人民币名义汇率与美元基本保持稳定,但对欧元和日元则分别贬值了14.4%和4.7%,如果考虑通货膨胀因素,对三大货币的实际汇率分别下降2.8%、16.5%和5.2%.据IMF估算,去年人民币相对于其他主要贸易伙伴的名义有效汇率下降了6%.与此同时,中国GDP、对外贸易和吸收外资都保持了强劲发展势头.在这种背景下,人民币再次成为世界瞩目的焦点,专家、学者和政要们对此众说纷纭,莫衷一是.     

Forecasting foreign exchange rates using idiosyncratic volatility

Average idiosyncratic stock volatility forecasts the bilateral exchange rates of the US dollar against major foreign currencies in and out of sample. The US dollar tends to appreciate after an increase in US idiosyncratic volatility. Similarly, ceteris paribus, German and Japanese idiosyncratic volatilities positively and significantly correlate with future US dollar prices of the Deutsche mark and the Japanese yen, respectively. Our results suggest that exchange rates are predictable.     

Is the Exchange Rate Pass-Through into Import Prices Declining? Evidence from Chile

Several empirical studies have found that the exchange rate pass-through (ERPT) into import prices is not complete and declined during the 1990s. In this paper we carry out a reexamination of these findings using a unique database of disaggregated import prices both at the border and wholesale levels for Chile. Our results do not support previous conclusions. We find a complete and nondeclining ERPT in the long run at both pricing levels of Chilean imports. We extend previous evidence by showing that, in the short run, wholesale prices seem to be less sensitive to exchange rate variations. In addition, we find weak evidence of asymmetric pass-through from appreciations versus depreciations for the aggregate import indexes in the short run and the long run.     

Beyond the purchasing power parity: testing for cointegration and causality between exchange rates, prices, and interest rates

This paper reexamines the causality between the dollar and the yen in a multivariate framework with the aid of cointegration and error-correcting modeling for the 1951–94 period. The Phillips-Perron tests and Johansen's tests are performed. While causality from interest rates to exchange rates is found in the short run, no causality between prices and exchange rates is found in the short run. However, causality is found running from relative prices to exchange rates along with interest rates between the U.S. and Japan in the long run, which supports the long-run PPP hypothesis.     

Bandwagon effects and run patterns in exchange rates

I analyze the monthly exchange rates of the US dollar against the pound sterling, the Japanese yen, and the Swiss franc. All three exchange rates show bandwagon patterns, changes in one direction tend to be followed by changes in the same direction. This regularity points towards the importance of momentum traders on foreign exchange markets. A recent experimental analysis suggests the following hypothesis regarding the dynamics of bandwagon effects: if there is a repetition of similar occurrences many agents expect this run to continue but reduce the perceived chances of further repetitions when they actually occur. For exchange rates this implies that a continuation of a change in one direction should become weaker if an exchange rate has shown repeated changes in the same direction in the immediate past. This conjecture is supported by the findings of this study.     

加工贸易、汇率和中国的双边贸易平衡

本文基于中国(指中国大陆地区,下同)与51个贸易国家和地区之间的1993-2008年的面板数据,研究了加工贸易在中国双边贸易平衡中的作用,以及人民币升值对加工贸易的影响。实证分析表明:(1)在此期间中国每年的贸易顺差,都来自于加工贸易;(2)中国的加工贸易呈现明显的区域偏好——在2008年77%的加工贸易进口来自于东亚经济体,但是只有29%的加工贸易出口面向东亚经济体;(3)人民币升值对加工贸易的出口和进口都具有负面影响——人民币实际升值10%,不仅会使中国加工贸易出口下降9.1%,也会导致加工贸易进口下降5.0%.因此,人民币的适度升值对于中国加工贸易以及整体贸易平衡的改善作用有限。     

Exchange rate pass-through to bilateral import prices

This paper estimates exchange rate pass-through for a unique set of bilateral US import prices over the period 1992–2006. It finds evidence of a significant decline in pass-through to US import prices from some, but not all, of the trading partners in the sample. These differences rule out a universal decline in pass-through rates to bilateral US import prices. They further indicate a growing divergence in the import price response to a uniform dollar decline.     

Exchange Rate Pass‐Through,Domestic Competition,and Inflation: Evidence from the 2005–08 Revaluation of the Renminbi

Import competition from China is pervasive in the sense that for many good categories, the competitive environment that U.S. firms face in these markets is strongly driven by the prices of Chinese imports, and so is their pricing decision. This paper quantifies the effect of the government‐controlled appreciation of the Chinese renminbi vis‐à‐vis the USD from 2005 to 2008 on the prices charged by U.S. domestic producers. In a panel spanning the period from 1994 to 2010 and including up to 519 manufacturing sectors, import price changes of Chinese goods pass into U.S. producer prices at an average rate of 0.7, while import price changes that can be traced back to exchange rate movements of other trade partners only have mild effects on U.S. prices. Further analysis points to the importance of trade integration, variable markups, and demand complementarities on the one side, and to the importance of imported intermediate goods on the other side as drivers of these patterns. Simulations incorporating these microeconomic findings reveal that a substantial revaluation of the renminbi would result in a pronounced increase in aggregate U.S. producer price inflation.     

Do currency exchange rates impact gold prices? New evidence from the ongoing COVID-19 period

We apply the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag method to examine the relationships between seven leading currency exchange rates and gold prices using daily data from January 2017 to April 2021. The results reveal that in the short term, while negative United States dollar (USD) to United Kingdom pound, negative USD to Canadian dollar, negative USD to Japanese yen, negative USD to Danish krone, and positive USD to euro exchange rates increase gold prices, a lagged positive USD to euro and lagged positive USD to Danish krone exchange rates decrease gold prices. A test of the pre-pandemic normal period reveals that the uneven and unpredictable impacts of six exchange rates on gold prices are particularly due to COVID-19. We find efficiency in the gold market, in line with the market efficiency hypothesis and random walk theory. Our findings indicate that gold acts as a safe-haven asset for investors during COVID-19.     

Random walk or a run. Market microstructure analysis of foreign exchange rate movements based on conditional probability

Using tick-by-tick data for the dollar–yen and euro–dollar exchange rates recorded on the actual transaction platform, a ‘run’—continuous increases or decreases in deal prices for the past several ticks—does have some predictable information on the direction of the next price movement. Deal price movements, that are consistent with order flows, tend to continue a run once it is started. Indeed, conditional probabilities of a run continuing in the same direction after several consecutive observations exceed 0.5. However, quote prices do not show such a run tendency. Hence, a random walk hypothesis is refuted in a simple test of a run using tick-by-tick data. In addition, a longer continuous increase of the price tends to be followed by a larger reversal. The findings suggest that those market participants who have access to real-time, tick-by-tick transaction data may have an advantage in predicting exchange rate movements. The findings reported here also lend support to the momentum trading strategy.