奢侈品消费税真有那么大的罪过？

《中国税务报》近日报道，国家税务总局局长谢旭人最近表示：要适时“将普通消费品逐步从税目中剔除，将一些高档消费品纳入消费税征收范围，适当扩大税基。”近日，全国政协委员，著名经济学家萧灼基提出：应对购置豪华住宅、名牌轿车等高消费征收特别消费税。与此相左，也有一种声音在历数这种税改思路的罪过。陈亮先生在中国青年报撰文称，由于奢侈品需求弹性大而供给弹性小，     

关键词

关键词消费税长期以来,国内销售的化妆品要征收30%的消费税,这就使得化妆品价格总体偏高。财政部最近所做的中央决算报告中,继续完善消费税改革方案被作为将要实施的财税改革的重点和方向,据悉,财政部正在考虑将化妆品的税目分类界定为高档化妆品和一般化妆品,一般化妆品可能将不再征收消费税,消费税征收范围的调整预计在今年下半年公布。     

消费税征收范围和税率的国际变化趋势与国内政策选择

党的十八届三中全会通过的《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》(以下简称《决定》)明确指出要"调整消费税征收范围、环节、税率,把高耗能、高污染产品及部分高档消费品纳入征收范围"。关于消费税制的改革方向已基本形成共识,在中央文件中也早已有类似的表述,如《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十二个五年(2011—2015年)规划纲要》中就提出要"合理调整消费税征收范围、税率结构和征税环节。"本文结合以前的研究和国际动态,就消费税征收范围和税率谈谈个人的一些看法。①一、国外消费税征收范围的变化趋势关于消费税征收范围,笔者曾作过一些国际比较,并     

关于调整化妆品消费税政策的通知

<正>财税〔2016〕103号各省、自治区、直辖市、计划单列市财政厅(局)、国家税务局,新疆生产建设兵团财务局:为了引导合理消费,经国务院批准,现将化妆品消费税政策调整有关事项通知如下:一、取消对普通美容、修饰类化妆品征收消费税,将"化妆品"税目名称更名为"高档化妆品"。征收范围包括高档美容、修饰类化妆品、高档护肤类化妆品和成套化妆品。税率调整为15%。高档美容、修饰类化妆品和高档护肤类化妆品是指生产(进口)环节销售(完税)价格(不含增值税)在10元/毫升(克)或15元/     

浅谈消费税的纳税筹划

消费税是国家为了调整消费税征纳税双方的权利与义务而在对货物普遍征收增值税的基础上,对部分消费品所征收的一道价内税,企业缴纳消费税的多少,直接影响着企业的经济利益,作为消费税纳税人,如何在法律允许的范围内,科学有效地筹划其应缴纳的消费税,实现最大的财务利益,已成为纳税人比较关注的问题。本文分析了消费税纳税筹划的几种方法,并指出消费税纳税筹划应注意的问题。     

国家税务总局关于购进整车改装汽车征收消费税问题的批复（2006年8月15日 国税函[2006]772号）

经研究，批复如下： 《财政部 国家税务总局关于调整和完善消费税政策的通知》（财税（2006）33号）中有关用车辆底盘（车架）改装、改制的车辆征收消费税的规定是为了解决用不同种类车辆的底盘（车架）改装、改制的车辆应按照何种子目（乘用车或中轻型商用客车）征收消费税的问题，并非限定只对这类改转车辆征收消费税。对于购进乘用车和中轻型商用客车整车改装生产的汽车，应按规定征收消费税。     

我国消费税制度优化探析北大核心

我国消费税自1994年开始征收,历经多次改革完善,在筹集财政收入、引导居民消费、调节收入分配方面发挥了积极作用。对照消费税职能定位和改革目标,现行消费税在收入规模、征收范围、税率设置、抵扣制度和征收环节等方面还存在一些需要解决的问题。对此,应加快消费税改革步伐,稳步扩大征收范围,科学调整税率设置,改革完善抵扣政策,分批后移征收环节,充分发挥消费税的职能作用。     

“双碳”目标下的我国消费税优化--基于节能减排视角的分析北大核心

实现“双碳”目标,节能减排是一个重要手段,与节能减排密切关联的小汽车消费税与成品油消费税存在征收环节、价内征收、对节能技术的运用重视不够等问题。为实现“双碳”目标,发挥消费税节能减排的作用,应优化征收环节、实行价外征收、税率设计兼顾节能技术的运用,提高成品油税率,促进节能减排,助力“双碳”目标实现。     

消费税制改革趋势与地方税体系的完善

消费税改革需稳定税负,保留其筹集财政收入的功能。消费税调节功能的发挥应考虑其实现机制问题。消费税的征收范围的确定应与消费升级相适应。"营改增"之后,消费税仍然不能替代营业税作为地方主体税种的地位。从数量上看,在零售环节征收消费税的收入规模与营业税可大致相当,但消费税主要来自于烟、酒、油、汽车的现实决定了地方政府不能依靠这样的收入结构。在目前税制格局下,地方税体系的完善问题应主要通过增值税和消费税的共享来解决。     

关于调整进境物品进口税部分商品范围的通知

<正>税委会﹝2016﹞26号海关总署:为了引导合理消费,经国务院批准,化妆品消费税政策进行了调整,现将进境物品进口税中化妆品的征税问题明确如下:一、将《中华人民共和国进境物品进口税率表》中税目3中"化妆品"的名称调整为"高档化妆品",征税商品范围与征收消费税的高档化妆品的商品范围一致。     

Cash-Balance Plan Conversions: Evidence on Excise Taxes and Implicit Contracts

Firms that wish to switch from a traditional defined‐benefit pension plan to a defined‐contribution‐type plan have a choice between converting to a cash‐balance plan or replacing the defined‐benefit plan with a full‐fledged defined‐contribution plan. According to Ippolito and Thompson's (1999; Industrial Relations, 39: 228‐245) excise tax avoidance hypothesis, a number of firms have switched to cash‐balance plans because conversion allows the firm to avoid excise taxes on its excess pension assets. In contrast to existing studies, our evidence supports the excise tax avoidance hypothesis. Cash‐balance plan conversions also have been criticized for imposing pension losses on older employees. The implicit contract theory of pensions predicts that poorly performing firms would be the ones that would impose losses on employees. However, our evidence indicates that firms converting to cash‐balance plans typically are not poor performers.     

House Prices and Local Taxes in the UK

In this paper, estimates of the effects of local domestic property taxes (rates) on local house prices are presented, and the effect of local taxes on owner-occupied dwelling prices is calculated for a number of English cities for the period up to 1990. The methods used enable estimation to be made of the effect of the introduction, during 1990, of the Community Charge or poll tax in England, when the local tax base was moved from housing consumption onto individual residency. It is estimated that the reform could have increased house prices by around 15 per cent and contributed substantially to house price inflation.     

From Origination to Renegotiation: A Comparison of Portfolio and Securitized Commercial Real Estate Loans

We examine long-run house price convergence across the twenty Paris districts using a quarterly dataset that spans from 1991 to 2014. Our approach is based on two stages. In the first stage, we apply methods of unit root testing. Our econometric modelling exercise adopts a pair wise approach that is built on a probabilistic test for convergence based on all house price differentials across the Paris districts. We find that more than 50 % of the intra-city house price differentials that can be computed are stationary. In the second stage of our investigation, we analyse the drivers of convergence. The probability of stationarity is negatively affected by unemployment differentials across districts, demographics differentials and supply-side characteristics. Our findings further reveal that the half-life of a shock to long-run price equilibrium is affected positively by unemployment, distance and housing supply. Our analysis suggests that smaller distances between Parisian districts are associated with a faster speed of adjustment back towards long-run equilibrium.     

The Effect of Taxes on the Location of Property-Casualty Insurance Firms

States levy insurance premium taxes, which are essentially gross receipt taxes on premiums. An unusual characteristic of insurance premium taxes is that in each state in which an insurance company writes premiums, the firm pays the higher of the tax rate in the state in which the company is domiciled and the state in which the policy is written. Thus, the choice of location has a significant effect on the firm's tax liability. Using firm-level data for the property-casualty (P-C) insurance industry, we calculate the firm-specific tax rate for each P-C firm for every possible state of domicile. We estimate conditional logistic models to analyze the effect of insurance premium taxes on the choice of the state of domicile of existing and relocated firms. We find robust evidence of a small, negative, and statistically significant effect of these taxes on the choice of the state of domicile.     

How does house price influence monetary policy transmission?

The literature has focused on house price growth to explain the inefficiency of monetary policy. From the perspective of substitution, this paper explains the relationship between house prices and monetary policy considering not only house price growth but also house price uncertainty. By constructing a theoretical model including both financial-asset and fixed-asset investment, we find that expansionary monetary policy not only promotes total investment but simultaneously also leads to substitution towards financial assets. However, a rise in house price growth or house price uncertainty will mitigate the substitution effect generated by monetary policy. These propositions are supported by empirical data on China's nonfinancial listed firms from 2009 Q1 to 2018 Q3 and the results are robust to a variety of model specifications and empirical approaches. Our findings imply that real estate regulatory policy should coordinate with monetary policy in maximizing fixed-asset investment.     

Equity and Ecotax Reform in the EU: Achieving a 10 per cent Reduction in CO2 Emissions Using Excise Duties

This paper considers the distributional effects of imposing additional excise duties on energy products according to carbon content. The assumed duties escalate from 1999 to 2010 and achieve levels reducing CO₂ emissions by 10 per cent below baseline by 2010 for 11 EU member states. By 2010, real personal disposable incomes are 1.6 per cent above baseline and employment is 1.2 per cent above, assuming that the change is tax-revenue-neutral. The study concludes that the changes will be weakly regressive for nearly all the member states in the study if revenues are used to reduce employers’ taxes and strongly progressive if they are given back lump-sum to households. JEL classification: C53, D12, H22, Q48.     

Endogenous housing market cycles

Housing markets tend to display positive serial correlation as well as considerable volatility over time. We present a heterogeneous agent model illustrating the connection between adaptive expectations and housing market fluctuations. A dwelling serves as a shelter, as a vehicle for investment and as mortgage collateral. Interesting dynamics arise as the valuation of these three properties changes over time through the interaction of buyers, sellers and mortgagees. In the absence of credit constraints imposed by mortgagees, house prices oscillate mildly around the equilibrium price. However, credit constraints imposed by mortgagees can affect market dynamics quite dramatically with periods of mild oscillations interrupted by violent collapses. This chaotic behavior arises even though buyers, sellers and mortgagees agree on market forecasts.     

Taxing transactions in futures markets: Objectives and effects

In the last few years various legislative proposals have been made to impose a transaction or excise tax on securities and derivative market transactions. Although there have been considerable discussion and analysis of the wisdom of imposing such a tax on securities markets, there has been no analysis of the pros and cons of extending the tax to futures markets. This article attempts to fill this gap, first, by examining the various rationales advanced to support a tax on securities markets to determine their applicability to futures markets and, second, by analyzing the likely effects of the tax on the competitiveness and efficiency of futures markets. In addition, the revenue-raising potential of a tax on futures transactions is evaluated. I conclude that a tax on futures markets will not achieve any important social objective and will not generate much revenue.     

An investigation of the comparative impact of degree of implementation of IFRS upon the public and private information quality of East and West European firms

This research investigates the comparative quality of public and private information environments between firms domiciled in European countries characterized as being West European or East European for 29 European countries, 12 of which are characterized as being East European. Our empirical analyses examine the comparative quality of public and private information components of equity securities analysts' earnings forecasts for West European and East European firms while controlling for (1) firms cross-listing on U.S. equity securities exchanges, and (2) country of domicile degree of implementation of IFRS. Our results indicate that (1) the quality of private information is higher for East European compared with West European countries of domicile, and (2) the quality of public information is higher for West European compared with East European countries of domicile. Furthermore, particularly noteworthy is that our results indicate that (1) country of domicile degree of implementation of IFRS increases the quality of public information and decreases the quality of private information for both East European and West European countries of domicile, and (2) that the decrease in the quality of private and increase in the quality of public information associated with degree of implementation of IFRS are significantly more pronounced for East European relative to West European countries of domicile. We believe our results suggest that the IFRS are on the margin more beneficial for East European countries than for West European countries in the sense of reducing information asymmetry by moving important information regarding prospective firm performance from the private into the public domain.     

The Real Effects of Credit Ratings: The Sovereign Ceiling Channel

We show that sovereign debt impairments can have a significant effect on financial markets and real economies through a credit ratings channel. Specifically, we find that firms reduce their investment and reliance on credit markets due to a rising cost of debt capital following a sovereign rating downgrade. We identify these effects by exploiting exogenous variation in corporate ratings due to rating agencies' sovereign ceiling policies, which require that firms' ratings remain at or below the sovereign rating of their country of domicile.