新巴塞尔协议框架下的信用风险缓释技术

信用风险缓释技术（Credit Risk Mitigation Techniques，CRMT）在新巴塞尔协议中占有相当重要地位，是新巴塞尔协议降低资本要求的主要方法。本文对新巴塞尔协议有关信用风险缓释技术的核心内容进行了梳理、归纳和概括，在此基础上探讨了当前国内商业银行加强担保抵押管理应该采取的几点措施：一是要建立严格的担保抵押管理程序和操作要求；二是要强化对担保抵押的全过程动态连续监管；三是要控制风险缓释技术本身所带来的剩余风险；四是要在风险缓释工具和借款人之间建立有效的隔离。     

金融双语

信用风险缓释信用风险缓释技术在新巴塞尔协议中占有相当重要地位,是新巴塞尔协议降低资本要求的主要方法。信用风险缓释技术是指通过采取抵押、担保、信用衍生工具以及净扣协议中冲销头寸的办法等降低信用风险的方法和技术。1988版巴塞尔协议只承认抵押工具和可靠度可辨认度很     

金融双语

信用风险缓释 信用风险缓释技术在新巴塞尔协议中占有相当重要地位，是新巴塞尔协议降低资本要求的主要方法。信用风险缓释技术是指通过采取抵押、担保、信用衍生工具以及净扣协议中冲销头寸的办法等降低信用风险的方法和技术。     

商业银行抵押风险分析

抵押是巴塞尔新资本协议规定的风险缓释工具之一。抵押品对商业银行优化资本结构、改变盈利模式和防范信用风险有着重要的作用和意义。本文首先借助一个数量模型和LGD的概念,对抵押品的风险缓释功能进行了理论分析,进而结合我国商业银行抵押贷款现状的统计结果,分析了当前银行抵质押业务中存在的问题,据此给出了对策建议。     

商业银行抵押风险分析

抵押是巴塞尔新资本协议规定的风险缓释工具之一.抵押品对商业银行优化资本结构、改变盈利模式和防范信用风险有着重要的作用和意义.本文首先借助一个数量模型和LGD的概念,对抵押品的风险缓释功能进行了理论分析,进而结合我国商业银行抵押贷款现状的统计结果,分析了当前银行抵质押业务中存在的问题,据此给出了对策建议.     

商业银行抵质押品管理中存在的问题及对策

抵质押担保是巴塞尔新资本协议规定的风险缓释工具之一,对防范信息不对称、控制违约风险、有效减少违约损失具有不可替代的重要作用。有效的抵质押品管理工作不仅在商业银行信贷决策和信用风险控制中扮演重要角色,同时也是商业银行提升经营效率、进行资本配置管理的重要基础。抵质押品作为新资本协议认可的最主要的信用风险缓释工具类型,其缓释作用突出表现在能够转移或降低信用风险发生的可能性及损失程度。本文深入剖析了商业银行抵质押品管理中存在的问题及原因,提出了提高商业银行抵质押品管理有效性的建议。     

新巴塞尔协议下国际银行信用风险估值和经济资本计量

新巴塞尔协议其核心内容是关于国际商业银行风险的识别、度量和控制,以及在特定风险水平下的国际银行资本金要求。新协议实施对国际银行监管和经营方式产生了极为重要的影响。本文从现代金融风险度量技术中的信用矩阵出发,重点讨论了巴塞尔协议和现代金融风险技术,并分析了我国商业银行信用风险估值和资本计量的状况,指出我国银行在如何掌握现代风险管理技术准确预测信用风险方面任务艰巨。     

实施新资本协议 改进银行抵押担保管理

新资本协议抵押担保处理方法的特点受当时金融市场发展水平的制约,1988年的巴塞尔资本协议仅承认现金或等同于现金的高质量金融工具具有风险缓解功能,不认可任何实物抵押品和信用衍生工具;在处理方法上采取了简单替代法,即用对抵押品和担保人的风险权重取代该资产的风险权重。巴塞尔新资本协议则根     

内部评级法和商业银行信用风险管理

银行业是一个风险管理的行业,它通过有效的风险管理来创造自身价值。虽然混业经营已呈大势所趋,但信贷风险管理仍是银行业的重点和难点。许多国际著名银行的信贷风险管理成功经验非常值得我们学习和借鉴。2002年发布的《新巴塞尔资本协议》对银行的风险管理提出了新的要求。要达到《新巴塞尔资本协议》对风险控制的新要求,首先必须建立和完善信贷风险评级制度。一、新巴塞尔资本协议的资本监管下的内部评级法在新巴塞尔资本协议这种内部评级法下,针对信用风险的监管资本的基本框架包括五个方面:风险暴露分类、风险要素、风险权重函数、最低要求和监管检查。新协议中的监管资本标准由     

对我国商业银行实施内部评级法的思考

建立并完善商业银行的信贷风险内部评级法,是控制信用风险的关键所在,目前这一点已经在我国商业银行业界达成共识。新巴塞尔资本协议创设的内部评级法,是一种具有较高风险敏感度的处理方式,可以为各国商业贷款风险识别与管理提供依据。从《巴塞尔新资本协议》的技术要求来看,巴     

Determinants of Mortgage Default and Consumer Credit Use: The Effects of Foreclosure Laws and Foreclosure Delays

The mortgage default decision is part of a complex household credit management problem. We examine how factors affecting mortgage default spill over to other credit markets. As home equity turns negative, homeowners default on mortgages and home equity lines of credit at higher rates, whereas they prioritize repaying credit cards and auto loans. Larger unused credit card limits intensify the preservation of credit cards over housing debt. Although mortgage nonrecourse statutes increase default on all types of housing debt, they reduce credit card defaults. Foreclosure delays increase default rates for housing and nonhousing debts. Our analysis highlights the interconnectedness of debt repayment decisions.     

The Duration of an Adjustable-Rate Mortgage and the Impact of the Index

With the increasing use of adjustable-rate mortgages for asset/liability management, there exists the need to properly evaluate their price sensitivity to interest rate changes. This paper provides a foundation by deriving the duration of an adjustable-rate mortgage. The properties of this duration are unique and have some important differences from those of fixed-rate securities. One important characteristic of an adjustable-rate mortgage concerns the index used to adjust the mortgage rate. It was found that the index tended to be more important than the adjustment frequency in determining the duration of an adjustable-rate mortgage.     

农村土地承包经营权抵押贷款意愿及对策研究

本文基于对山东省17地市农户的土地承包经营权抵押贷款需求状况的问卷调查数据,分析了当前农村地区的资金借贷现状及农村土地承包经营权抵押贷款意愿,并提出了规范和完善农村土地承包经营权抵押的对策建议。     

The Neighborhood Distribution of Subprime Mortgage Lending

Subprime lending in the residential mortgage market, characterized by relatively high credit risk and interest rates or fees, has developed over the past decade into a prominent segment of the market (Temkin, 2000). Recent research indicates that there is geographical concentration of subprime mortgages in Census tracts where there are high concentrations of low-income and minority households. The growth in subprime lending represents an expansion in the supply of mortgage credit among households who do not meet prime market underwriting standards. Nonetheless, its apparent concentration in minority and lower income neighborhoods has generated concerns that these households may not be obtaining equal opportunity in the prime mortgage market. Such lending may undermine revitalization to the extent that it is associated with so-called predatory practices.     

Employment in the Great Recession: How Important Were Household Credit Supply Shocks?

I pool data from all large multimarket lenders in the United States to estimate how many of the over 7 million jobs lost in the Great Recession can be explained by reductions in the supply of mortgage credit. I construct a mortgage credit supply instrument at the county level, the weighted average (by prerecession mortgage market shares) of liquidity-driven lender shocks during the recession. The reduction in mortgage supply explains about 15% of the employment decline. The job losses are concentrated in construction and finance.     

住房抵押贷款提前还贷风险管理研究

从现代金融和风险管理角度看,住房抵押贷款提前还贷对商业银行是一种期权性风险,对其收取违约金并非国际惯例,也并不是有效的风险补偿方式。商业银行应适应市场竞争需要,接受风险转嫁并提供风险管理服务,运用风险定价技术在按揭交易价格中对提前还贷风险进行补偿。对于已承担的风险,商业银行应构建抵押贷款提前还贷的数据库,通过表内对冲和市场对冲,推出多样化的住房抵押贷款方式,积极推进住房抵押贷款证券化,从而最终增强银行的盈利来源和核心竞争力。     

The use of credit scoring in the mortgage industry

In times of increased focus on risk management, acquiring or growing comparatively low risk mortgage portfolios has become an attractive value proposition. Banks that pursue an aggressive growth strategy in this sector, do, however, require risk control mechanisms that enable them to make a clear judgment on how great a growth appetite they can afford to have in order to still grow profitably. Moreover, under Basel II, the proper quantification of mortgage portfolio risk tends to help the release of own capital, because the mortgage portfolio is one of those portfolios where the relative benefits of internal ratings-based approaches compared with the standardised approach are greatest. Credit scoring models in general, and credit scorecards in particular, are suitable methods for quantifying the risk of an individual mortgage applicant or mortgage customer. In addition to score card development, this paper reviews alternative scoring model types that could be used for mortgage scoring. It presents reasons why it is beneficial to build such models in-house, before focusing on the steps necessary for building a mortgage scorecard. Finally, it discusses the important topics of creating segments, deploying models and eventually monitoring models.     

Mortgage contract design and systemic risk immunization

This paper provides theoretical results for the design of contracts used in the market for residential household mortgages and mortgage securities. Critical elements in the problem of immunizing systemic risk through efficient contract design are identified. Using an extension of classical immunization theory, this paper demonstrates that systemic risk of long amortization mortgage contracts is reduced when term to maturity of the contract at origination is significantly less than the amortization period. In addition, incorporating prepayment and limited recourse default options into the mortgage contract increases systemic risk when compared with full recourse mortgage contracts having yield maintenance prepayment penalties. The theoretical results are used to evaluate the systemic risk management problems that have plagued the US mortgage funding system.     

Borrower Risk under Alternative Mortgage Instruments

This paper analyzes differences in borrower risk under alternative mortgage instruments and various borrower characteristics. The traditional approach of measuring borrower risk in terms of actual delinquency and foreclosure data is rejected in favor of a model based on potential delinquency-that is, changes in the mortgage payment to income ratio. The combinations of mortgage terms and borrower characteristics that are most likely to produce a potential delinquency are isolated based on the calculation of hypothetical payment to income ratios over an eight year period.