IPO盈利预测自愿披露意愿减弱的原因

根据“信号传递”理论 ,盈利预测信息具有预测价值 ,对投资者的决策是相关的。上市公司一般都积极主动地为投资者提供盈利预测信息 ,好消息尤其如此。然而 ,当监管部门 2 0 0 1年将公司首发时的盈利预测改为自愿披露后 ,上市公司披露意愿越来越弱。针对这种情况 ,本文根据 2 0 0 1— 2 0 0 3年首发公司的招股说明 ,统计出披露比率及盈利预测数与实际盈利数的差异 ,分析了上市公司自愿披露意愿减弱的原因。本文认为 ,市场效率问题是导致自愿披露不足的根本原因     

IPO公司预测盈利的价值相关性

会计信息是有效资本市场资源配置的重要依据。目前,价值相关性的研究主要关注会计盈余,而很少关注预测盈利。本文采用价格模型验证了我国IPO公司预测盈利的价值相关性,研究结论表明,我国IPO公司的预测盈利具有价值相关性,并且价值相关性因预测盈利的准确性、预测盈利的披露方式、IPO公司的规模以及股权流动性程度而不同。     

我国上市公司盈利预测信息披露制度的起源与嬗变

盈利预测又称财务预测,是一种“软信息”,是企业对未来一段时间或数个期间财务状况、经营成果或现金流量变动情形最可能趋于合理的估计,在我国是由拟发行股票公司管理当局编制的。该信息的公开披露能使投资者和债权人了解上市公司未来的生产经营状况,并据此做出合理有效的投资决策,从而防范和化解投资风险。本文主要介绍盈利预测信息披露制度的起源与嬗变过程,以期为投资者全面把握该制度提供帮助。     

国内外管理者盈利预测自愿披露动机研究综述

随着国内资本市场的发展,上市公司管理层盈利预测披露引起了会计学界更多的关注。本文主要回顾国外学者对管理者盈利预测自愿披露的经济动机,并针对我国已有学者的研究,基于我国资本市场特殊制度背景提供相应的研究建议。     

对我国IPO公司盈利预测信息披露的思考

本文对中国资本市场中盈利预测信息披露问题进行研究,分析中国IPO公司盈利预测信息披露方面存在的问题,同时对如何提高IPO公司自愿披露盈利预测信息提出建议.     

上市公司会计信息质量与自愿性披露关系的实证研究

本文对我国上市公司会计信息质量与自愿性披露程度进行了实证分析,研究发现,我国上市公司自愿性披露整体水平不高,存在较为严重的盈余管理现象,会计信息质量与自愿性披露程度没有相关性,但公司规模却与自愿性披露程度呈现显著正相关。     

管理者盈利预测、过度自信与市场效应

管理者盈利预测在金融市场中具有重要的经济地位,我们选择了沪深两市2006-2009年的管理者盈利预测数据对管理者盈利预测与管理者过度自信、市场效应之间的关系进行了检验,与Hilary和Hsu的研究结论不同,我们发现:(1)管理者当前的盈利预测准确性会受到历史盈利预测准确性的影响,管理者在经历了较多的准确盈利预测之后会变得过度自信;(2)管理者在盈利预测上的过度自信会导致当前盈利预测的准确性降低;(3)管理者历史盈利预测的准确性并不会对市场造成明显影响,投资者和分析师在当前管理者盈利预测信息发布之后所做出的反应与管理者盈利预测历史准确的次数无显著的相关关系。本文的研究不仅丰富了国内有关盈利预测研究的相关文献,而且对提高我国资本市场上管理者盈利预测的准确性,加强市场参与者对上市公司信息披露的使用效率,进而提升投资决策具有重要的启示作用,同时对于我国监管机构完善信息披露制度具有重要政策意义。     

信息披露的经济后果研究综述

公司披露的信息包括自愿性信息和强制性信息。强制性信息披露是监管部门管制的结果,而自愿性信息披露是公司自愿性向资本市场传递信息的结果,比如公司披露的社会责任报告、环境信息报告、产品信息、重大合同信息、盈余预测报告等。实际中,公司在强制性信息披露中也面临一些选择空间。     

国外证券分析师盈利预测实证研究综述

在对投资决策、资本成本、公司评估、盈余与股价的关系等进行探讨的文献中，分析师的盈利预测被广泛地用作盈利预期的代理变量，成为理论研究的一项基础。本文对国外证券分析师盈利预测的实证研究文献进行了综述，分析、比较了盈利预测业绩衡量标准、各衡量模型的优劣、乐观偏差、预测修正、意见分歧以及分析师跟进等理论。     

公平信息披露与分析师预测精度——来自中国上市公司的经验证据

证券分析师是证券市场重要的信息加工者和传播者,他们的信息行为对中小投资者和市场效率有重要影响。本文基于2003~2009年分析师的年度盈利预测数据,运用面板计量模型实证检验了公平信息披露规则的实施对分析师预测精度的影响。研究结果表明:分析师预测精度在规则实施后显著下降了;而且,随着规则实施时间的推移,分析师预测精度进一步下降;另外,分析师对信息披露水平较差的上市公司的预测精度下降幅度更大。     

Are more able managers good future tellers? Learning from Japan

Baik et al. (2011) find that high-ability managers in the U.S. are more likely to issue accurate management earnings forecasts. Focusing on Japan, where management earnings forecasts are effectively mandated, we extend the literature by exploring (1) whether the relationship between managerial ability and forecast accuracy is unique to the U.S. disclosure system, where management forecasts are voluntary, and (2) how high-ability managers increase their forecast accuracy. We find that managerial ability is negatively associated with forecast errors based on initial forecasts, suggesting that high-ability managers are more likely to issue accurate forecasts at the beginning of the fiscal year. We then show that high-ability managers are less likely to revise their initial earnings forecasts and less likely to use earnings management to improve the accuracy of their earnings forecasts. Our findings show that, while high-ability managers are more likely to issue accurate initial management forecasts, low-ability managers are more likely to revise their forecasts and conduct earnings management to reduce their forecast errors.     

高铁能提升分析师盈余预测的准确度吗?——来自上市公司的证据

本文搜集了2006-2016年中国201个地级市高铁开通的情况,并匹配了A股1,244家上市公司的面板数据,利用双重差分(DID)模型,研究了高铁开通对证券分析师盈余预测的影响。研究结果显示:高铁通车之后,分析师盈余预测的精准度显著提升,分歧度和乐观度显著下降。进一步考察高铁发挥作用的内在机制,发现高铁开通显著增加了对沿线公司进行实地调研的分析师数量及人均调研次数。高铁开通对分析师盈余预测的影响存在异质性,影响主要体现在信息处理成本较低的企业、公司治理水平较好的企业以及分析师面临买方压力较小的企业中。动态地来看,高铁开通对分析师盈余预测的影响主要体现在通车两年以后。此外,在利用工具变量法、控制飞机出行以减少内生性问题之后,上述结论仍稳健。这说明高铁的开通改善了资本市场的信息环境,使得分析师能够更好地扮演信息中介的角色。文章较早研究了高铁开通对分析师盈余预测的影响,揭示了高铁在金融市场的信息传导效应。     

Why Do Managers Voluntarily Issue Cash Flow Forecasts?

We study a relatively recent change in voluntary disclosure practices by management, namely, the issuance of cash flow forecasts. We predict and find that management issues cash flow forecasts to signal good news in cash flow, to meet investor demand for cash flow information, and to precommit to a certain composition of earnings in terms of cash flow versus accruals, thus reducing the degree of freedom in earnings management. Our results also suggest that management discloses good news in cash flow to mitigate the negative impact of bad news in earnings, to lend credibility to good news in earnings, and to signal economic viability when the firm is young. Our finding that management cash flow forecasts primarily convey good news is in contrast to the generally negative nature of management earnings guidance and suggests that different incentives drive firms' disclosure of different financial information.     

Earnings guidance and market uncertainty

We study the effect of disclosure on uncertainty by examining how management earnings forecasts affect stock market volatility. Using implied volatilities from exchange-traded options prices, we find that management earnings forecasts increase short-term volatility. This effect is attributable to forecasts that convey bad news, especially when firms release forecasts sporadically rather than on a routine basis. In the longer run, market uncertainty declines after earnings are announced, regardless of whether there is a preceding earnings forecast. This decline is mitigated when the firm issues a forecast that conveys negative news, implying that these forecasts are associated with increased uncertainty.     

中国上市公司自愿业绩预告动机研究

随着业绩预告制度的实施和演进,我国资本市场上逐步出现了越来越多的上市公司自愿业绩预告,这对于缓解管理层与投资者、机构投资者与中小投资者之间的信息不对称具有重要意义。那么,是什么因素激励上市公司管理层自愿披露业绩预告?通过借鉴西方的自愿信息披露理论,并结合我国转轨经济的制度背景,本文提出了我国上市公司自愿业绩预告的三类动机:资本市场交易、管理层股票收益和管理层能力信号传递,并以2001-2008年我国上市公司业绩预告数据为研究样本对此进行了检验。研究结果显示,融资需求高、管理者利益协同程度高、会计业绩好的上市公司更有动机自愿披露业绩预告,并且国有相对于非国有上市公司自愿披露动机更弱。     

Earnings management and firm financial motives: A financial investigation of UK listed firms

This study focuses on the investigation of motives for and characteristics of UK firms that engage in earnings management activities. It concentrates particularly on the provision of voluntary accounting disclosures, the violation of debt covenants, management compensation, and on the equity and debt capital needs of firms and their relation with the use of earnings management. The study examines also the earnings management inclination of firms that seek to meet or exceed financial analysts' forecasts. The findings generally indicate that firms with low profitability and high leverage measures are likely to use earnings management. Also, firms that are in equity and debt capital need and are close to debt covenant violation also appear to be inclined to employ earnings management practices. Likewise, firms tend to use earnings management to improve their financial numbers and subsequently reinforce their compensation and meet and/or exceed financial analysts' earnings forecasts. In contrast, the study shows that firms that provide voluntary accounting disclosures appear to be less inclined to make use of earnings management.     

Voluntary Disclosure, Earnings Quality, and Cost of Capital

We investigate the relations among voluntary disclosure, earnings quality, and cost of capital. We find that firms with good earnings quality have more expansive voluntary disclosures (as proxied by a self‐constructed index of coded items found in 677 firms' annual reports and 10‐K filings in fiscal 2001) than firms with poor earnings quality. In unconditional tests, we find that more voluntary disclosure is associated with a lower cost of capital. However, consistent with the complementary association between disclosure and earnings quality, we find that the disclosure effect on cost of capital is substantially reduced or disappears completely (depending on the cost of capital proxy) once we condition on earnings quality. Extensions probing alternative proxies show that our findings are robust to measures of earnings quality and cost of capital, but not to other measures of voluntary disclosure. In particular, we find opposite relations for voluntary disclosure measures based on management forecasts and conference calls, and we find no relations for a press release based measure.     

Earnings forecast disclosure regulation and earnings management: evidence from Taiwan IPO firms

This study examines whether the Taiwanese regulation requiring disclosure of earnings forecasts in the IPOs resulted in disclosure of more optimistic earnings forecasts and whether the forecast error was reduced more by manipulating the reported earnings rather than revising the earnings forecasts to meet the forecast error threshold. The study is based on 759 forecasts issued by the Taiwanese IPO firms from 1994 to 2001, i.e. 8-year period after the regulation was modified to increase the forecast error threshold to 20%. The findings show that the disclosure regulation resulted in more optimistic forecasts than conservative forecasts, especially for firms expecting better performance in the forecast year compared to the previous year. Firms disclosing optimistic earnings forecasts engaged more in manipulation of reported earnings than revision of forecasts to meet the forecast error threshold. These findings thus suggest that the disclosure regulation resulted in earnings manipulation, which reduced the quality of reported earnings. We received valuable comments at the 2003 American Accounting Association and 2004 Euorpean Accounting Association annual meetings. We also thank the participants at the research seminars at Rutgers University, City University of Hong Kong, and Pace University, for their insightful comments. Picheng Lee especially thanks Pace University for 2003 summer research grant.     

Voluntary Disclosure of Internal Control Weakness and Earnings Quality: Evidence From China

Using a sample of 1059 listed firms that voluntarily provide internal control reports in the period 2010–2011, this paper investigates the relationship between voluntary disclosure of internal control weaknesses (ICWs) and earnings quality in China. Our results show that earnings quality, measured by absolute discretionary accruals, is significantly associated with voluntary disclosure of ICWs. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that both accounting-related and non-accounting-related ICWs affect earnings quality. This study contributes to the internal control literature by extending the evidence for ICW disclosure to an emerging economy and examining the impact of disclosure of different types of ICWs on earnings quality. This study demonstrates that the control of non-accounting-related ICWs is critical for enterprise risk management.     

Management earnings forecasts and IPO performance: evidence of a regime change

Companies undertaking initial public offerings (IPOs) in Greece were obliged to include next-year profit forecast in their prospectuses, until the regulation changed in 2001 to voluntary forecasting. Drawing evidence from IPOs issued in the period 1993–2015, this is the first study to investigate the effect of disclosure regime on management earnings forecasts and IPO long-term performance. The findings show mainly positive forecast errors (forecasts are lower than actual earnings) and higher long-term returns during the mandatory period, suggesting that the mandatory disclosure requirement causes issuers to systematically bias profit forecasts downwards as they opt for the safety of accounting conservatism. The mandatory disclosure requirement artificially improves IPO share performance. Overall, our results show that mandatory disclosure of earnings forecasts can impede capital market efficiency once it goes beyond historical financial information to involve compulsory projections of future performance.