公立医院固定资产全生命周期管理探讨

公立医院的生存与发展离不开固定资产投入。近年来,公立医院的固定资产规模日益扩大,但现行的管理模式存在诸多不足,如制度建设不成熟、实物管理与价值管理脱节、设备绩效不明、信息系统建设滞后等。对此,依托信息化,探讨构建公立医院固定资产全生命周期管理,紧抓固定资产全生命周期各阶段管理要点,保证资产管理全程化、标准化、信息化,确保国有资产保值增值。     

《食品安全法》的几点思考

《食品安全法》及其实施条例的颁布实施具有重要意义。该法在制度上颇有创新,但并未明确消费者食品安全权、精神损害赔偿,食品安全的概念、食品召回及惩罚性赔偿制度也尚需进一步考量和完善,以更好的保护消费者生命健康安全。     

关于健全寿险公司灾后应急管理机制的思考

一、概述5·12汶川特大地震发生后,各大寿险公司都相继紧急启动了应急管理机制,动员全行业的力量,克服一切困难,全力以赴投入抗震救灾工作,充分发挥了保险的作用。当前,抗震救灾工作已经从抢救阶段转入安置阶段,寿险公司应围绕安置工作的重点,做好保险理赔服务,为维护社会稳定、帮助灾民恢复生产生活提供强有力的支持。同时,     

惩罚性损害赔偿制度比较研究及在我国的适用

作为英美法系在民事损害赔偿判例中普遍采用的一项制度,惩罚性赔偿制度具有独特的特点和功能。但该制度自产生以来,支持与反对就一直相互交织,争执不断。而传统大陆法理论认为,在民事损害赔偿中应遵循补偿性赔偿原则。这项主要是在英美法特别是美国法中采用的制度是可以为中国法律所借鉴。中国的市场经济尚处于发展阶段,很多地方需要借鉴国外关于该制度的成功经验,扩大惩罚性赔偿制度的适用范围,但在产品责任中不宜广泛适用惩罚性赔偿。在某些情况下采用惩罚性赔偿以替代精神损害赔偿的办法是可行的。     

中国供给侧质量与绩效研究:基于潜在产出方法

随着我国逐步进入经济发展下行阶段,为保持经济增长活力,寻求新的增长动力,供给侧结构性改革势在必行。研究供给侧运行状况,分析要素投入结构和效率及其对我国潜在产出的影响,对引导制定供给侧调控政策具有重要的意义。在经济学相关理论中,衡量供给侧运行状况的宏观经济指标是潜在产出增长率,本文基于柯布-道格拉斯生产函数,对潜在产出进行测算,并进行影响因素分析。具体而言,通过对我国的资本投入、潜在劳动力和全要素生产率进行测算,最终估计出1991~2015年我国的潜在产出,并进一步分析各投入要素对潜在产出增长的贡献程度。结果表明:我国的潜在产出呈现递增的趋势,主要依靠资本投入促使潜在产出的增长,全要素生产率和劳动力投入对潜在产出的影响相对较小,但潜在产出对全要素生产率具有较高的敏感性,总体而言,我国供给侧效率在逐渐的下降。     

考虑结构变化的经济增长要素贡献率研究

本文以国家统计局发布的1982-2012年度统计数据为基础,将研究区间分为前后两个阶段,分析了我国经济增长中要素投入和全要素生产率的贡献率变化,研究结果表明,劳动力投入在经济增长中的贡献率有所下降,而资本投入贡献稳中有升,全要素生产率贡献利率上升幅度较大,未来中国经济增长应更重视劳动力素质的提高和改革红利带来的全要素生产率的提升.     

新时期网络安全工作顶层设计研究

当前,网络与信息安全工作的重要性已经逐渐被接受,网络安全相关产业进入一个黄金发展阶段,各行业都在加强网络安全工作投入,上线各种安全设备和系统,提高应对各种安全威胁的能力。各行业在网络安全领域“大干快上”的同时,都非常注重网络安全顶层设计,以指导各领域网络安全工作的开展,光大银行也不例外,在2006年、2008年、2013年分别请BCG、德勤、毕马威设计网络与信息安全管理相关规划。目前,光大银行网络与信息安全工作内涵和外延都较之几年前发生巨大变化,网络安全顶层设计也是呼之欲出。     

基于价值工程的金属矿山安全经济效益分析

安全经济效益和传统型的经营投资存在差别,安全投入无法带来直接显著的收益,安全的经济效益渗透到企业生产经营活动的每一个过程,安全经济效益是潜在的一种力量,因此需要对其采取量化分析的方式来深入研究,有助于体现企业中安全投入的实际价值。分析金属矿山的生产状况来看,其安全生产的形势良好,但是仍然存在很多的恶性事件,安全生产的形式相对严峻,根据资料显示,2013年,金属矿山企业一共发生伤亡事故798起,死亡人数912人。很多金属矿山企业对于员工的安全重视度不足,缺少安全意识,认为只要没有安全事故发生,企业的生产过程就是十分安全的,前期为了避免安全事故的投入都是浪费行为,忽视了安全投入的重要性,文章主要基于价值工程的金属矿山来分析其安全经济效益,利用量化价值的方式来展现金属矿山的安全经济效益。     

金融数据共享利益冲突平衡的法律进路

数据是数字经济时代最重要的生产要素之一，流动的数据才能发挥数据价值，金融数据共享是数据流动的一种形式。金融活动中金融数据在不同金融机构之间、金融机构与科技企业之间、金融机构与金融监管机构之间共享，金融数据控制者对其所控制的数据的财产性权益期待是促进数据共享的动力。金融数据中有大量关涉个人信息的数据，而且金融数据安全关系到国家金融体系安全，在确保国家金融体系稳健和个人信息安全的前提下，将金融数据权利赋予金融数据控制者，有利于促进金融数据共享，最大限度地挖掘金融数据价值。为平衡金融数据共享主体之间的利益冲突，应当以确定数据权属为底层逻辑，优先保障个人信息权益，并通过引进侵权惩罚性赔偿机制，调整惩罚性赔偿金分配机制和个人信息侵权公益诉讼规则，完善个人信息侵权赔偿制度。     

“营改增”对服务业税收负担的影响——基于江苏省投入产出表的分析

“营改增”是一个重大的税制改革,涉及的产业和行业较多。本文通过实证方法,对影响税负的因素进行分析,发现增值税税率、中间投入比率、能够抵扣的外购商品或服务占比等指标是影响税负的主要要素;在此基础上,结合江苏省投入产出表数据,计算出了各行业税收负担的变化情况。研究发现：试点阶段,租赁和商务服务业税负上升最多,综合技术服务业下降最多;增值税全覆盖阶段,各行业税负是否上升取决于适用税率与税负平衡点的比较,高于平衡点时税负上升,低于平衡点时税负下降。     

城市轨道交通出行幸福价值评估研究-以长沙地铁为例

基于计划行为理论,构建城市轨道交通出行选择框架,依据长沙地铁出行SP调查数据,运用因子分析法,考量城市轨道交通出行幸福价值指数和出行幸福价值.结果发现:客观价值、主观价值、主观感觉、出行者特征和出行特征等功能因子决定地铁出行幸福价值;部分常用出行选择决定因素没有得到认同;出行幸福价值中部分客观价值与主观价值的认知存在不一致.鉴此,应在线路成网、改善交通接驳和最后一公里的方便性、增加发车频次、优化公共交通等级计费、传播城市轨道交通优势等方面提高出行幸福价值.     

Punitive Damages in Bad Faith Actions Against Insurers in the USA: The Impact of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Campbell v. State Farm</Emphasis>

This article provides an overview of the history and practice of punitive damages in the USA, including U.S. Supreme Court resistance to punitive damages beginning in the 1990s. The 2003 Campbell decision continued this doctrinal trend in an case of seemingly egregious insurer “bad faith.” Examining insurance bad faith cases after Campbell, it appears that the Court’s decision had a practical impact as well as a doctrinal impact. Since Campbell, insurers appear to have enjoyed greater judicial protection against punitive damages in bad faith cases, expanding a trend discernable after the Court’s 1996 BMW v. Gore decision. However, the 50 states have not modified their jury instructions on punitive damages since these decisions, seemingly ceding this area to the courts as a matter of federal constitutional review. The 2007 Williams v. Philip Morris decision continued the trend in a non-insurance case, as the court overturned a large punitive award against a tobacco company.     

投资性房地产公允价值计量的价值相关性研究

2007年执行新会计准则后,与2006年相比,我国上市公司对投资性房地产在运用公允价值后续计量的情况下,投资性房地产公司采用公允价值计量的房地产类、银行类整体公允价值变化额有积极的市场反应,与股票价值具有价值相关性,会计信息的决策有用性有所提高。其他类投资性房地产整体公允价值变化额未出现积极的市场反应。     

参考群体对消费者网络购买决策影响的实证研究

以参考群体的信用水平、感知价值水平为自变量,设计3×2×4的模拟实验,考量参考群体对消费者网络购买决策的影响.结果表明:不同信用度的参考群体对消费者网络购买决策有显著正向影响,参考群体的信用度越高,消费者的网络购买决策所受影响越大;不同感知价值的参考群体对消费者网络购买不同产品的决策均有正向显著影响,感知价值越高,消费者购买决策越受影响.参考群体的信用水平与感知价值的交互作用对消费者网络购买决策有正向显著影响.     

Bankruptcy reform in the Middle East and North Africa: Analyzing the new bankruptcy Laws in the UAE,Saudi Arabia,Morocco, Egypt,and Bahrain

For years, countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region have been trying to increase entrepreneurship rates and attract foreign investment, however, their bankruptcy statutes remained antiquated and punitive in nature. Potential start‐ups and foreign investors have been deterred from these markets due to a lack of alternative solutions to liquidation and a fear of punishment for business failure. At least seven countries in the region have now taken steps to modernize their bankruptcy laws to provide restructuring mechanisms and other measures designed to incentivize risk‐taking rather than to deter it. With this year's crash in oil prices, an unprecedented global pandemic and an imminent recession, an effective bankruptcy system has become even more critical to avoid catastrophic results for the employment rates and economic value of the companies in the region. However, despite these recent reforms, significant improvements are still needed to maximize the value and benefits of bankruptcy procedures in the face of these growing economic threats.     

On accounting standards and fair valuation of life insurance and pension liabilities

The actuarial profession is increasingly teaming up with financial economists for a fruitful cooperation on the proper valuation of life insurance and pension (L&P) liabilities. This has been a natural consequence of a recent sharply increased focus on market values in financial reports of L&P companies from regulators, standard setters, the financial press, stakeholders, and others with an interest in the L&P business.

This article provides a financial economist's point of view on recent developments in relation to the fair valuation of L&P liabilities. The role of accounting standards and the background for the international harmonization in this field are first discussed. We then review and explain the concept of fair value and provide a general view on appropriate techniques for estimating fair values of L&P liabilities in accordance with the definition of the concept. The paper also contains a section which briefly reviews recent and quite innovative regulatory initiatives in relation to market value reporting in the Danish market for life and pension insurance.     

Apple's changing business model: What should the world's richest company do with all those profits?

Apple Inc. stands out as the world's most famous, and currently richest, company. To the general public, Apple is known for three things: its intriguing CEO Steve Jobs, who has achieved iconic status in death as in life; its amazing iOS products, especially the iPhone and the iPad, and their predecessor the iPod, which have literally placed sophisticated technology in the hands of the masses; and its stratospheric stock price, which even when in March 2013 it had dropped to 63 percent of its September 2012 peak, gave Apple the highest market capitalization of any company in the world. As a result of its phenomenal success, at the end of fiscal 2012 Apple had $121 billion in liquid assets. In April 2013 the company committed to distributing as much as $100 billion to shareholders in stock buybacks and cash dividends by the end of calendar 2015. By employing the theory of innovative enterprise to analyze how over the course of its 37-year history Apple became so profitable, we argue that there is no economic justification from a risk-reward perspective for this distribution to Apple's shareholders. Taxpayers and workers have superior claims on these profits. In analyzing by whom value is created as a basis for considering for whom value should be extracted, we raise the implications of Apple's changing business model for the future of innovation at this heretofore exceptional American company and even in the U.S. economy as a whole.     

Household Life Cycle Protection: Life Insurance Holdings, Financial Vulnerability, and Portfolio Implications

Using the Survey of Consumer Finances, we examine the life cycle demand for different types of life insurance. Specifically, we test for the consumer's aversion to income volatility resulting from the death of a household's wage‐earner through the purchase of life insurance. We first develop a financial vulnerability index to control for the risk to the household. We then examine the life cycle demand for life insurance using several definitions of life insurance. We find, in contrast to previous research, that there is a relationship between financial vulnerability and the amount of term life or total life insurance purchased. In addition, we find older consumers use less life insurance to protect a certain level of financial vulnerability than younger consumers. Secondly, our study provides evidence that life insurance demand is jointly determined as part of a household's portfolio. Finally, we consider the impact of family members' nonmonetary contribution on the household's life cycle protection decision. Our results provide some evidence that households take into account the value of nonmonetary contribution in their insurance purchase.     

Optimal exercise of executive stock options and implications for firm cost

This paper conducts a comprehensive study of the optimal exercise policy for an executive stock option and its implications for option cost, average life, and alternative valuation concepts. The paper is the first to provide analytical results for an executive with general concave utility. Wealthier or less risk-averse executives exercise later and create greater option cost. However, option cost can decline with volatility. We show when there exists a single exercise boundary, yet demonstrate the possibility of a split continuation region. We also show that, for constant relative risk averse utility, the option value does not converge to the Black and Scholes value as the correlation between the stock and the market portfolio converges to one. We compare our model's option cost with the modified Black and Scholes approximation typically used in practice and show that the approximation error can be large or small, positive or negative, depending on firm characteristics.     

Accounting for Option–based Compensation: The Economic Cost Approach

The intrinsic value approach amortizes over the life of the option, the difference between the stock price on the date of the grant and the exercise price of the option. The fair market value approach amortizes over the life of the option, the market value of stock options on the date of the grant. These approaches do not reflect the changes in the option–based compensation cost after the grant date. This paper proposes an economic cost approach that not only adjusts for the changes in the value of the options during its life but also records the issuance of the stock at fair market value on the exercise date.