首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
公允价值亦称公允市价、公允价格。美国《157号公允价值准则》定义“公允价值”是指“在计量日当天,市场参与者在有序市场上出售资产收到的价格,或者转移负债付出的价格。”国际会计准则委员会的定义是“公允价值,指在一项公平交易中,熟悉情况、自愿的双方交换一项资产或清偿一项债务所使用的金额。”公允价值计量法是以公允价值作为资产和负债计量属性的一种会计模式,它产生于20世纪80年代的美国。  相似文献   

2.
曹洁  张雪 《财政监督》2002,(11):29-29
美国财务会计准则委员会(FASB)的概念公告第7辑认为,一项资产和负债的公允价值是在公平交易中,熟悉情况的交易双方自愿进行资产交换和债务清偿的金额。采用公允价值作为计量属性是以市场为基础的基本假设来反映资产或负债之间的经济差异,提供比其他计量属性更相关的信息。初始确认时,只要没有相反的证据,支付或收到的现金或其等价物的数额(历史成本或收入)通常被假设为公允价值的近似数,现行成本和现行市价也都在公允价值的定义之内。在初次确认下,自愿的买卖双方在公开市场上所支付或收到的现金或其等价物就代表公允价值,现行成本和现行市价都符合公允价值的含义。当市场存在相似的资产或负债时通常不  相似文献   

3.
葛家澍 《财会学习》2011,(11):26-30
前言多数会计人员都认为财务报表是财务报告的中心(核心)地位,所以财务报表必须以过去的交易和过去的事项为基础,以可稽核的客观证据为依据,遵循会计准则并由独立的注册会计师审计。因此财务报表的信息应能发现并反映一个企业的经济真实情况。为了表示真实的事实和结果,财务报表项目期望利用历史成本计量属性。但是,当前某些资产和负债如金融资产和金融负债是按公允价值计量而不是按历史成本计量。本文着重探讨什么是一种恰当的会计处理来解决财务报表中双重计量的矛盾。  相似文献   

4.
从资产减值准备计量标准看,公允价值是其主要计量属性。实际上,广义的公允价值包括所遥资产减值准备计量属性,即资产减值计量离不开对资产公允价值的计量,我们可以把资产减值准备的计提理解为:历史成本与公允价值孰低的原则,这里的“公允价值”包括现行成本或重置资产、现行市价、销售净价(net sellingg price)、可变现净值(net realiz-able value)、未来现金流量折现值(在用价值)、可收回金额(recoverable amount)。  相似文献   

5.
公允价值是在公平交易中熟悉情况的交易双方(无关联关系)自愿进行资产交换或债务清偿的金额。公允价值并非是一个独立的新的计量属性,而是基于市场的一种对资产或负债价值的认定的  相似文献   

6.
白峰 《会计师》2008,(6):11-13
2006年2月15日颁布的《企业会计准则——基本准则》中明确规定:"会计计量属性包括公允价值,在公允价值计量下,资产和负债按照在公平交易中,熟悉情况的交易双方自愿进行资产交换或者债务清偿的金额计量。"从而确立了公允价值在企业会计准则体系中的重要地位。值得一提的是,我国引入公允价值是适度、谨慎和有条件的。因此,在投资性房地产和生物资产等具体准则中规定,只有存在活跃市场、公允价值能够取得并可靠计量的情况下,才能采用公允价值计量。  相似文献   

7.
一是引入了公允价值的计量属性,有利于全面揭示市场风险。新的会计体系将按照现行国际惯例把“公允价值”概念引入中国会计体系。公允价值计量模式,是指以市场价值或未来现金流量的现值作为资产和负债的主要计量属性的会计模式。新会计准则对计量属性做出了重大调整,不再强调历史成本为基础计量属性,全面引入公允价值、现值等计量属性,对于商业银行来说,差异较大的主要体现在金融工具、债务重组等方面。资本市场的波动,将直接影响商业银行特别是上市银行的资产负债表和利润表,增加了损益的波动和经营成果的不稳定性,加大了资本充足率管理难度。  相似文献   

8.
金融危机下公允价值计量方法的重新审视   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
一、公允价值的定义 公允价值是指在公平交易中,熟悉情况的当事人自愿据以进行资产交换或负债结算的金额.近年来,随着美国等发达国家金融工具不断发展,历史成本计量模式具有的缺陷使其无法胜任对金融资产及负债的计量工作,作为替代,公允价值被逐步应用于当今对金融资产(或负债)的计量实践中.美国已把公允价值作为大多数会计计量的目的,包括初始计量和以后各期所进行的新起点计量.在公允价值计量下,一般要求以当时同一金融产品或相似产品的市场价格作为金融资产估值入账的金额.  相似文献   

9.
一、企业合并会计处理方法的比较 对企业合并会计的处理,国际上通常采用的方法是:购买法(purchase method)和权益结合法(pooling of interest method)。购买法是购并企业对被并购企业的资产和负债的购买,也就是取得净资产的一项交易。收购方的购买成本与被购买方资产和负债的公允价值可能不相等,收购方是按照资产和负债的公允价值入账。当购买价格大于所确认的被购买方的净资产的公允价值(资产的公允价值减去负债的公允价值)时,  相似文献   

10.
韩毓萍 《山西财税》2007,(11):32-33
公允价值是指有在公平交易中,熟悉情况的交易双方自愿进行资产交换或者债务清偿的金额。公允价值实际上是一种混合的计量属性,它又可以涵盖为其它几种计量属性,具体体现为:市价、历史成本、重量成本、短期的可变现净值;率和以公允价值为计量目的的未来现金流量的现值的。  相似文献   

11.
The intrinsic value approach amortizes over the life of the option, the difference between the stock price on the date of the grant and the exercise price of the option. The fair market value approach amortizes over the life of the option, the market value of stock options on the date of the grant. These approaches do not reflect the changes in the option–based compensation cost after the grant date. This paper proposes an economic cost approach that not only adjusts for the changes in the value of the options during its life but also records the issuance of the stock at fair market value on the exercise date.  相似文献   

12.
This paper describes an income-statement-focused framework for selecting between between the fair value and historical cost measurement attributes that differs from the balance-sheet-focused relevance versus reliability tradeoff perspective that is common to most academic research. This income-statement-focused framework is then applied to the Christensen and Nikolaev setting in Rev Account Stud 18(3), (2013) to suggest that most of the study’s findings are not surprising and can be explained by differences in the income-relevance of fair value and historical cost measures for nonfinancial assets rather than issues with the reliability of fair value measurements, which is the perspective taken by the authors. The paper closes by suggesting additional research on the use of fair value and historical cost measures for nonfinancial assets that would be most relevant to current standard-setting activities of the Financial Accounting Standards Board.  相似文献   

13.
This paper contributes to the debate on the impact of accounting measurement rules for financial assets. We examine the association between fair value accounting for financial assets and market price volatility for nonfinancial firms in an experimental setting. One group of participants was provided with financial statements where held‐for‐trading securities were reported at fair market value (FVA). Another group received financial statements with investments reported at historical cost (HCA). Controlling for accounting data, we find no systematic difference between FVA and HCA for three different measures of market price volatility, despite higher earnings volatility and marginally heavier trading under FVA.  相似文献   

14.
公允价值与当代会计理论反思   总被引:13,自引:2,他引:11  
公允价值计量产生的真正根源是物价变动对会计计量的持续冲击。公允价值会计的核心是按照各个报告时点上的现行市价调整账面记录,通过动态反映使账面价值与真实价值始终保持一致,目标是追求真正意义上的真实反映,是"会计的重心是计量"的回归。它与按"目标导向"路径构建的当代会计理论在会计本质(信息系统)、会计目标(决策有用)、会计信息质量特征(相关和可靠)等各个方面是冲突、矛盾的。构建于信息系统论和历史成本原则之上的当代会计理论,与公允价值会计着眼于真实反映的思想相悖。公允价值会计的出现是对传统会计理论的颠覆,因此必须系统反思和重构当代会计理论。  相似文献   

15.
Current standards define fair value as the market price at which an asset could be sold or a liability could be settled in the normal course of business. Setting aside measurement issues, assessing the relevance of exit values has intensified in recent years as fair value becomes a pervasive component of accounting regulation. The current debate about accounting measurement is framed in terms of making a choice between fair value and historical cost. In this article I argue that this is not a correct framing of the issues; knowledge of fair value alone cannot help investors to evaluate stewardship, because they would not know how much resources the management had sacrificed to obtain that fair value. To properly evaluate stewardship, investors need both types of information, historical cost and fair value.Using this information, a rate‐of‐return‐like index of stewardship quality is proposed. This commentary concludes with a statement about three significant drawbacks of relying solely on fair value accounting.  相似文献   

16.
关于在财务会计中采用公允价值的探讨   总被引:79,自引:2,他引:79  
近年来,美国财务会计准则委员会(FASB)和国际会计准则理事会(IASB)大力倡导会计计量运用面向现在和未来的、以市场为基础的公允价值。本文着重研究并比较IASB和FASB给出的公允价值定义和相关的基本概念,认为公允价值是面向市场、以假想交易为对象的一种估计价格,可以有三级估计,最佳的估计是(相同)资产或负债主市场或最有利市场的价格,指出了它带来的缺陷。文章认为,公允价值计量乃是财务会计发展的大势所趋;如果公允价值得以全面应用,则财务会计将有可能反映企业的价值(或其近似值)。  相似文献   

17.
This paper investigates the value relevance of historical cost, price level and replacement cost accounting using a sample of Mexican firms from 1989 to 1995. It contributes to prior research by distinguishing between two distinct aspects of changing prices:(1) the change in the general price level, and (2) the change in the value of specific non-monetary assets. I select Mexico to examine because it is unique in requiring and disclosing separately price level and replacement cost adjustments. A sample of Mexican firms also addresses a key reason cited for mixed results in previous assessments of the usefulness of price level and replacement cost accounting using United States data: the effects of inflation are too weak to detect. High rates of inflation in Mexico, ranging between 7% and 52% during the sample period, mitigate that potential problem. Results indicate that replacement cost adjustments are relatively and incrementally relevant beyond historical cost and price level measures while price level adjustments are incrementally value relevant beyond historical measures.  相似文献   

18.
美国公允价值计量准则评介   总被引:61,自引:2,他引:59  
于永生 《会计研究》2007,9(10):11-15
"公允价值计量"是一个国际性的财务报告难题。2006年9月FASB发布"公允价值计量准则"(SFAS157),制定了新的公允价值定义和计量指南。本文介绍SFAS157的主要理论:脱手价计量目标、市场参与者观和公允价值级次,分析这些理论的形成背景和现实意义,归纳SFAS157的主要特征并探讨它对改进我国新准则公允价值计量应用的借鉴作用。  相似文献   

19.
This study examines the role tax-deferred exchanges play in the determination of reservation and transaction prices in U.S. commercial real estate markets. Taxpayers face significant time constraints when seeking to complete a delayed tax-deferred exchange. In a perfectly competitive market, a weakened bargaining position would not affect the transaction price. However, in illiquid, highly segmented commercial real estate markets, the exchanger may be required to pay a premium for the acquired property relative to its fair market value. Using a unique and rich dataset of commercial property transactions, we find that tax-motivated exchange buyers pay significantly more, on average, than non-exchange investors for their apartment and office properties, all else equal. Moreover, these average price premiums generally exceed the tax deferral benefits investors obtain by the use of a tax-deferred exchange. This result is robust to a number of alternative specifications. Thus, for many investors the pursuit of tax avoidance comes at a steep price.  相似文献   

20.
关于公允价值本质的思考   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
目前会计界关于公允价值本质有"独立计量属性观"、"复合计量属性观"、"计量目标观"和"检验尺度观"等多种不同的观点,这些观点的形成与不同时期各国会计准则对公允价值的不同理解和规定密切相关。公允价值是在传统的"基于交易会计"逐步转向"基于价值会计"过程中形成的,公允价值的本质应放在"基于价值会计"体系中进行定位。"基于价值会计"在会计目标定位、会计信息质量要求、会计确认、会计计量以及财务报告等各个方面都与传统的"基于交易会计"有一定区别。在"基于价值会计"体系中,公允价值是会计计量力图实现的一种理想目标,各种计量属性是实现这一目标的具体手段,公允价值体现了"真实与公允"会计理念对采用各种计量属性进行价值计量的一种约束和要求。将公允价值狭义地定位成一种具体计量属性,不仅与公允价值在"基于价值会计"体系中的层次地位不符,也与各国会计准则关于公允价值计量的整体精神相违背,还与实务界常用的计量属性之一——"现行市价"有重复之嫌。  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号