公司治理结构与多元化经营

2003年我国721家A股上市公司的多元化和相关财务数据表明,近一半的企业选择或维持多元化经营.经研究发现:股权结构对公司多元化经营决策和多元化绩效有显著影响:非国有控股公司较多实行多元化经营并且多元化绩效较好;控股股东持股比例越高,越不可能实行多元化经营,多元化绩效也越好.董事会特征、管理层持股对多元化经营决策和多元化绩效基本没有影响.公司负债率越高,实行多元化经营的可能性越大,多元化绩效越好.研究结果支持代理理论,多元化经营是控股股东谋取私利的方式.     

中国上市公司多元化动因的理论与实证分析

许多研究表明,多元化经营损害公司绩效。既然如此,企业实施经营多元化的动因何在？本文筛选2002-2005年间39家“由专业化扩张为多元化的公司”作为研究样本,并选择39家在研究期间“保持专业化经营的公司”作为配对样本,基于代理理论和过度自信理论,对公司财务特征及其公司治理特征与企业多元化扩张行为的关系进行理论与实证分析,以探讨我国上市公司多元化的动因。研究结果支持代理理论,表明多元化是管理者或控股股东牟取私利的重要方式之一。     

寿险公司股权结构对经营绩效的影响——基于经理人代理成本视角

基于2012—2020年我国寿险公司的面板数据，实证检验股权结构对绩效的影响并探究其作用机制。结果表明：股权集中与绩效显著负相关，股权制衡与绩效显著正相关。机制检验发现，股权集中通过增加经理人代理成本削减绩效，股权制衡通过优化此类代理成本改善绩效。异质性分析表明，股权集中对成立时间短、发展速度慢的寿险公司绩效的负面影响更为显著。鉴于此，监管部门应适当降低寿险公司股东持股比例上限，引导非控股股东积极参与公司治理。     

基于代理理论的经营多元化对企业业绩的影响研究

基于中国制造业上市公司2003～2009年的财务数据,讨论多元化经营和企业内部代理对企业业绩的影响,结果表明:多元化经营对企业业绩具有负向影响,股东与管理层之间的代理成本、经理层之间的代理成本对企业的业绩具有显著的负向影响,控股股东与中小股东之间的代理问题对企业业绩不具有负向影响;多元化经营导致企业股东与管理层之间代理成本增加,同时使得控股股东与中小股东之间的代理成本减少。     

多元化战略与代理成本、公司业绩关系的实证研究

本文主要研究上市公司采取多元化战略后对公司代理成本及公司业绩的影响。许多学者对目前多元化折价现象进行了解释,认为由于内部资本市场的无效率导致了多元化公司的资源配置没有发挥着理论上应该具备的优势;很多学者从代理问题出发来解释多元化折价现象,但是针对代理成本与多元化程度的关系做实证检验就很少。验证多元化是否真的提高了代理成本,本文正是基于这一点来展开研究的。结论为代理成本与多元化程度成正比,公司业绩与多元化程度成反比。     

终极控股股东特征、多元化经营与融资约束

本文以2008-2012年为研究区间,探讨了多元化经营对缓解融资约束的作用,并研究了表征控股股东代理成本的股权特征对多元化经营缓解融资约束功能的弱化作用。研究表明,多元化经营在一定程度上可以缓解公司的融资约束问题,但在控股股东代理成本的影响下,缓解融资约束的作用被弱化了。     

股权集中度、股权制衡与公司绩效关系的实证研究——基于2009年中小板上市公司的经验数据

本文以中小板上市公司公开信息为为依据,基于2009年的样本数据,从股权集中度和股权制衡两个方面,对我国中小板上市公司股权结构与公司绩效的关系进行了实证分析,在公司绩效的评价上也是从盈利能力、成长性能力、股本扩张能力以及市场价值这四个方面进行综合考量。研究结果显示,前五大股东的持股比例对公司绩效的提升呈显著正相关;控股股东的持股比例与公司绩效的关系不显著;股权制衡对公司绩效的影响是不确定的,这说明当股权适度集中在几个大股东手里时是有利于公司股权结构的完善及绩效的提升,而控股股东绝对控股程度的提升却不一定能达到正向的效果,股权制衡也不是影响公司绩效的主因。     

民营公司两权分离度、内部制衡机制与经营绩效关系

以中国的投资者保护为研究出发点,本文搜集沪深两市挂牌交易的由自然人创立并拥有的民营公司研究样本,实证检验其两权分离程度、内部制衡机制与公司经营绩效之间的关系。研究发现,在民营公司内部,控制权和所有权的分离对公司的经营绩效产生了显著的负面影响,两权分离程度越大,对公司经营绩效的负面作用越大;其次,内部制衡机制与公司经营绩效显著正相关,制衡机制越强,抑制终极控股股东的侵占行为的效果越显著;最后,两权分离程度与内部制衡机制之间存在着交互作用,在两权分离程度相同的情况下,制衡机制的程度越强,对于减少终极控股股东与中小投资者之间的委托代理成本,改善公司经营绩效的效果越明显。     

我国财产保险公司多元化经营与绩效的实证研究

本文对我国财产保险公司1999年～2005年多元化经营与绩效之间的关系进行实证研究。通过多元回归模型分析,我们发现,财险公司产品多元化与公司绩效有着非线性关系,经营区域多元化对公司绩效有显著正向影响。同时,财险公司产品多元化与经营区域多元化之间存在交互关系,并对公司绩效有负向影响,产品多元化经营是否能提高公司绩效因其经营区域多元化程度的不同而不同。实证结果还显示,公司规模和集团化对财险公司绩效有显著的正向影响,而投资资产比例与财险公司绩效没有显著的影响关系。     

股权结构研究述评

股权结构研究是近几年来研究的热点问题，本主从股权集中度和股东类型这两个角度对股权结构、代理成本与公司绩效研究的经典文献进行了综述和简短的评论。最后对我国学者近年来的相关研究进行了总结。     

Moments of Compound Mixed Poisson Distributions

Recursive formulae are derived for the evaluation of the moments and the descending factorial moments about a point n of mixed Poisson and compound mixed Poisson distributions, in the case where the derivative of the logarithm of the mixing density can be written as a ratio of polynomials. As byproduct, we also obtain recursive formulae for the evaluation of the moments about the origin, central moments, descending and ascending factorial moments of these distributions. Examples are also presented for a number of mixing densities.     

The development of the group accounts disclosure system in Japan

The Japanese disclosure system of consolidated statements was introduced in 1977 and extensively revised in 1997. The role of the bureaucracy has been significant in these developments and seems to be part of Japan's closed culture. However, other explanations could also be applied. In particular, although Japanese firms opposed such disclosures on the basis of preparation costs, the Japanese government had to modernize the disclosure system, including consolidation, in order to develop the securities market regardless of an individual company's interests.     

Cost accounting standard and cost accounting systems in Japan. Lessons from the past - recovering lost traditions

This paper aims to show two things. The first is how Japanese culture has contributed to the development of Japanese cost accounting history. The second is to reveal the research possibilities of cost accounting history. This paper also reviews the salient features of several important examples of these aspects of cost accounting practice in Japan. It therefore explores, through some practical illustrations, how and why Japanese cost accounting differs from that found in the West.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

【正】The China Journal of Accounting Research‘‘CJAR’’(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditin...     

Shared Standard Setting in the Public Interest:A Strong Model

正The last two decades have been a definitive era in the evolution of the accountancy profession.In the wake of major corporate scandals at the turn of the century,an international public debate arose on the need for more effective and well-considered regulation;this debate then reignited during the global financial and sovereign debt crises.     

HOW TO PUT TOGETHER A COMPLETE PACKAGE

正Many Institute members know they cannot rely purely on technical knowledge and business acumen to remain competitive.As soft skills are increasingly important,Jemelyn Yadao finds out how CPAs can maintain     

The designing of corporate accounting law in Japan after the Second World War

After the Second World War, during the neutralization of the controlled economy of wartime Japan, a design for a Corporate Accounting Law was elaborated by the Investigation Committee on the Business Accounting System. The Investigation Committee tried to establish not only new business accounting standards but also a central and independent administrative organ of corporate accounting regulation on the basis of the Corporate Accounting Law. The Corporate Accounting Law was expected to lay the legal foundation of the new corporate accounting regulation regime in Japan. Nevertheless, even though the original design of the fundamental accounting law was never realized, it should be considered the starting point for our understanding of external accounting history in post-war Japan.     

Bayesian Risk Management for Equity-Linked Insurance

This paper describes how to apply Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques to a regime switching model of the stock price process to generate a sample from the joint posterior distribution of the parameters of the model. The MCMC output can be used to generate a sample from the predictive distribution of losses from equity linked contracts, assuming first an actuarial approach to risk management and secondly a financial economics approach. The predictive distribution is used to show the effect of parameter uncertainty on risk management calculations. We also explore model uncertainty by assuming a GARCH model in place of the regime switching model. The results indicate that the financial economics approach to risk management is substantially more robust to parameter uncertainty and model uncertainty than the actuarial approach.     

The historical significance of the revaluation of fixed assets in Japan's state-owned railway system, 1955-6

The Government Railways of Japan (GRJ) established a fixed assets accounting system on the accruals basis after the Second World War. The revaluation of tangible fixed assets was indispensable for GRJ's introduction of depreciation in 1948. GRJ scheduled the revaluation to secure a reasonable depreciation expense, because the company had applied the replacement method to all tangible fixed assets since its foundation in 1869. At the same time, GRJ assumed the balance of the revaluation reserve account to be a means of dealing with possible future accumulated losses.     

Effects of speculation and interest rates in a “carry trade” model of commodity prices

The paper presents and estimates a model of the prices of oil and other storable commodities, a model that can be characterized as reflecting the carry trade. It focuses on speculative factors, here defined as the trade-off between interest rates on the one hand and market participants' expectations of future price changes on the other hand. It goes beyond past research by bringing to bear new data sources: survey data to measure expectations of future changes in commodity prices and options data to measure perceptions of risk. Some evidence is found of a negative effect of interest rates on the demand for inventories and thereby on commodity prices and positive effects of expected future price gains on inventory demand and thereby on today's commodity prices.