中印国有商业银行经营效率比较研究

本文运用DEA方法,采用中国与印度共32家国有商业银行(其中中国4家,印度28家)2004财年的经营数据,分析了其技术效率、纯粹技术效率和规模效率,并将中国与印度的国有商业银行分成两组分别对三种效率做了对比检验。结论为两国国有商业银行技术效率值较高,但72%的银行处于规模不经济阶段,取得规模经济是两国大部分国有商业银行改革要面临的选择。印度国有商业银行各项效率稍微领先中国国有商业银行,但在统计上却均无显著性。虽然印度总量资产远小于中国,金融发展历史久于中国,但从整体上来说,作者认为并不像有些文献中提到的印度银行体系效率要远高于中国。     

我国商业银行运行效率的DEA实证分析

本文采用DEA的基本模型对我国12家商业银行2004年和2005年的总效率、纯技术效率和规模效率进行了实证分析。结果表明,规模大的国有商业银行总效率要高于股份制商业银行。银行资产规模是影响商业银行运行效率的重要因素,市场份额与银行效率呈正相关,商业银行规模过小或规模过大导致的规模不经济同时存在。     

我国商业银行的效率现状及生产率变动分析

本文运用数据包络分析方法和Malmquist指数对我国28家三类商业银行2000～2004年的技术效率、纯技术效率和规模效率以及全要素生产率变动进行了测算。结果发现，三类商业性银行的效率存在差异：国有商业银行的规模效率最低，并且呈规模报酬递减；股份制商业银行效率略高于国有商业银行；城市商业银行效率由相对最低转为相对最高。总体上看，银行业全要素生产率呈上升趋势，技术效率呈下降趋势，规模效率无明显变化。本文的主要结论是：规模是影响国有商业银行和股份制商业银行效率差异的主要因素，银行全要素生产率的变动受信息技术发展的推动以及宏观环境的影响。     

中国商业银行效率之实证研究--数据包络分析法

商业银行作为金融业的主要支柱,其运营状况与一国经济水平紧密相关,随着金融业的快速发展,商业银行的经营效率在判断其运营状况时扮演重要角色。效率是商业银行竞争力的综合体现,本文旨在通过实证研究商业银行效率,为银行业效率的改善提出针对性和建设性思路。本文以五家国有商业银行、八家上市股份制银行和四家未上市股份制银行为研究对象,采用DEA方法,以应付职工薪酬、固定资产净值、存款为投入指标,正常贷款、利息收入、非利息收入为输出指标,对17家银行2006年至2011年的技术效率、纯技术效率和规模效率进行了度量。并在此基础上,从宏观与微观两方面对银行效率提出了相应的改进建议。     

我国商业银行的效率现状及生产率变动分析

本文运用数据包络分析方法和Malmquist指数对我国28家三类商业银行2000～2004年的技术效率、纯技术效率和规模效率以及全要素生产率变动进行了测算。结果发现,三类商业性银行的效率存在差异:国有商业银行的规模效率最低,并且呈规模报酬递减;股份制商业银行效率略高于国有商业银行;城市商业银行效率由相对最低转为相对最高。总体上看,银行业全要素生产率呈上升趋势,技术效率呈下降趋势,规模效率无明显变化。本文的主要结论是:规模是影响国有商业银行和股份制商业银行效率差异的主要因素,银行全要素生产率的变动受信息技术发展的推动以及宏观环境的影响。     

基于DEA方法的商业银行效率研究

本文将数据包络方法(DEA)引入我国商业银行运营效率的评价体系,建立基于DEA的商业银行评价模型,并运用该模型对我国上市的四家国有银行,八家股份制银行2011年的效率进行分析。结果显示总体技术效率上,国有银行低于股份制银行;纯技术效率上,国有银行低于股份制银行;在规模效率上,国有银行要优于股份制银行;国有银行中中国工商银行为规模报酬不变,中国农业银行为规模报酬递增,其他两家银行均为规模报酬递减,而文中所列出的股份制银行中大部分银行为规模报酬不变。     

我国商业银行规模经济效率的实证分析及建议

竞争是开放条件下银行必须面对的生存法则，对即将与外资银行展开全面竞争的中国银行业来说，提高竞争力的关键是要提高国有商业银行的竞争力。而竞争优势本质上是效率优势．也就是要最大限度地节约成本、增加收益。本文运用随机前沿方法对我国商业银行1994—2002年的规模效率进行了实证研究，引入超越对数成本函数和Cobb—Douglas成本函数并对两者进行了假设检验．估计出了各大银行的规模效率；在此基础上指出，国有商业银行经营过程中长期存在的规模不经济，表面上源于规模大、人员机构多．实质则是隐藏于它们背后的国有产权制度安排和金融领域的长期垄断。     

中印银行保险比较分析

中国与印度既是邻国，又均是人口大国，也是目前全球经济增长最快的两个国家，两国国情有很多共同之处，两国经济发展模式为世界瞩目。印度学术界爱把中国作为重要参照对象来研究印度经济，我国学术界对中印综合国力比较也情有独钟。本文对两国的银行保险作一比较。     

X效率与商业银行的经营理念

根据传统的商业银行理论，银行要实现利润最大目标，就应该借以经济规模和业务范围。然而，大量西方商业银行的实证研究并不支持商业银行经营的规模经济和范围经济理论。相比较而言，与管理相关的因素晚可能影响商业银行的经验效益。我国国有商业银行在银行体制改革过程中，更应当注重X效率问题，提高管理水平，降低X非效率。     

基于DEA模型的视角对我国商业银行效率的实证分析

基于2004年的数据,运用数据包络分析方法,对我国13家全国性商业银行的效率进行了测度.实证研究的结果表明我国商业银行显示出了较高的纯技术效率,但总体效率和规模效率较低,国有商业银行普遍处于规模递减阶段,而股份制商业银行基本处于规模不变和递增阶段.     

Cost accounting standard and cost accounting systems in Japan. Lessons from the past - recovering lost traditions

This paper aims to show two things. The first is how Japanese culture has contributed to the development of Japanese cost accounting history. The second is to reveal the research possibilities of cost accounting history. This paper also reviews the salient features of several important examples of these aspects of cost accounting practice in Japan. It therefore explores, through some practical illustrations, how and why Japanese cost accounting differs from that found in the West.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

【正】The China Journal of Accounting Research‘‘CJAR’’(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditin...     

Shared Standard Setting in the Public Interest:A Strong Model

正The last two decades have been a definitive era in the evolution of the accountancy profession.In the wake of major corporate scandals at the turn of the century,an international public debate arose on the need for more effective and well-considered regulation;this debate then reignited during the global financial and sovereign debt crises.     

HOW TO PUT TOGETHER A COMPLETE PACKAGE

正Many Institute members know they cannot rely purely on technical knowledge and business acumen to remain competitive.As soft skills are increasingly important,Jemelyn Yadao finds out how CPAs can maintain     

Bayesian Risk Management for Equity-Linked Insurance

This paper describes how to apply Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques to a regime switching model of the stock price process to generate a sample from the joint posterior distribution of the parameters of the model. The MCMC output can be used to generate a sample from the predictive distribution of losses from equity linked contracts, assuming first an actuarial approach to risk management and secondly a financial economics approach. The predictive distribution is used to show the effect of parameter uncertainty on risk management calculations. We also explore model uncertainty by assuming a GARCH model in place of the regime switching model. The results indicate that the financial economics approach to risk management is substantially more robust to parameter uncertainty and model uncertainty than the actuarial approach.     

The historical significance of the revaluation of fixed assets in Japan's state-owned railway system, 1955-6

The Government Railways of Japan (GRJ) established a fixed assets accounting system on the accruals basis after the Second World War. The revaluation of tangible fixed assets was indispensable for GRJ's introduction of depreciation in 1948. GRJ scheduled the revaluation to secure a reasonable depreciation expense, because the company had applied the replacement method to all tangible fixed assets since its foundation in 1869. At the same time, GRJ assumed the balance of the revaluation reserve account to be a means of dealing with possible future accumulated losses.     

Effects of speculation and interest rates in a “carry trade” model of commodity prices

The paper presents and estimates a model of the prices of oil and other storable commodities, a model that can be characterized as reflecting the carry trade. It focuses on speculative factors, here defined as the trade-off between interest rates on the one hand and market participants' expectations of future price changes on the other hand. It goes beyond past research by bringing to bear new data sources: survey data to measure expectations of future changes in commodity prices and options data to measure perceptions of risk. Some evidence is found of a negative effect of interest rates on the demand for inventories and thereby on commodity prices and positive effects of expected future price gains on inventory demand and thereby on today's commodity prices.     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

Optimal Dynamic Premium Control in Non-life Insurance. Maximizing Dividend Pay-outs

In this paper we consider the problem of finding optimal dynamic premium policies in non-life insurance. The reserve of a company is modeled using the classical Cramér-Lundberg model with premium rates calculated via the expected value principle. The company controls dynamically the relative safety loading with the possibility of gaining or loosing customers. It distributes dividends according to a 'barrier strategy' and the objective of the company is to find an optimal premium policy and dividend barrier maximizing the expected total, discounted pay-out of dividends. In the case of exponential claim size distributions optimal controls are found on closed form, while for general claim size distributions a numerical scheme for approximations of the optimal control is derived. Based on the idea of De Vylder going back to the 1970s, the paper also investigates the possibilities of approximating the optimal control in the general case by using the closed form solution of an approximating problem with exponential claim size distributions.     

'More a national asset than an investor's paradise': financial management and the British Motor Corporation, 1952-68

This paper undertakes a comparative analysis of financial management in the British motor industry in the 1950s and 1960s. We question whether US ownership automatically implied greater financial control and immunity from capital market pressures and discuss whether the problems BMC/BMH (British Motor Corporation/British Motor Holdings) experienced were symptomatic of the absence of financial imperatives among British management at this time. Finally we widen the agenda to place our findings on financial management into a wider literature dealing more generally with the problems of managerial control and corporate governance within the motor vehicle industry in the 1950s and 1960s.