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1.
从目前世界各国的具体实践看,建立管理风险补偿机制是保护受益人应对年金计划破产以及年金资产流失情况的一种有效方式。然而到目前为止,我国企业年金的投资风险补偿机制并不健全。因此,需要借鉴国外社会保障体系中的风险补偿机制来完善国内机制建设的缺失。然而,国外的机制并不一定适合我国的实际,在借鉴时需要考虑我国的国情。通过建立相应的指标体系及其分析,波兰的收益率担保制度更适合将来我国企业年金风险补偿机制的发展。  相似文献   

2.
王莉春 《甘肃金融》2016,(11):15-17
企业年金作为我国养老保险体制的第二支柱,对保障、提高退休职工的生活水平具有重要作用.文章在探讨我国企业年金制度发展现状的基础上,分析出目前面临的问题主要有中小企业实行企业年金制度的积极性不强,企业年金投资种类匮乏、收益率低,税收优惠政策尚不健全,企业年金监管机制有待完善等,提出了降低中小企业实行企业年金的准入门槛、建立专业多元化的投资管理组织、制定统一完善的税收优惠政策、建立协调有序的监管机制等对策建议.  相似文献   

3.
利用马科维兹的均值-方差模型,在目前我国企业年金投资约束条件的前提下测算四种主要投资工具在不同投资组合下的收益率和风险。研究表明:在现有年金投资约束条件下,从企业年金投资组合的安全性和收益率出发,国债和企业债券两者之间企业债券更优;两种以上投资工具的组合更能分散风险;投资组合中必须要选择股票投资;股票投资占比越高,企业年金投资组合的收益率越大。  相似文献   

4.
账户所有权和投资决定权对于企业年金基金投资管理、计划成败和年金制度发展有重要影响。本文从企业和职工之间对立统一关系的角度对这两个问题做了分析,指出企业年金基金的账户所有权和投资决定权应该归属职工,并建议加强配套制度建设,保障职工履行账户所有权和投资决定权,企业要为职工账户所有权和投资决定权的顺利履行做好服务和保障。  相似文献   

5.
账户所有权和投资决定权对于企业年金基金投资管理、计划成败和年金制度发展有重要影响。本文从企业和职工之间对立统一关系的角度对这两个问题做了分析,指出企业年金基金的账户所有权和投资决定权应该归属职工,并建议加强配套制度建设,保障职工履行账户所有权和投资决定权,企业要为职工账户所有权和投资决定权的顺利履行做好服务和保障。  相似文献   

6.
我国企业年金投资风险管理机制的再设计   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
作为补充养老金的企业年金,对安全性有着特殊的要求,建立合理的风险补偿机制对维护企业年金参与员工利益、保证企业年金的健康发展具有重要意义。本文将美国对冲基金中的高水位线(HWM)条款与我国资产管理市场上现行类似HWM的管理费条款进行了比较,提出在我国企业年金投资管理市场中引入HWM条款、改良企业年金投资人管理费的制度建议。本文进一步把HWM条款和我国企业年金的风险准备金制度进行了比较,提出将两者结合起来构建更为合理完善的企业年金风险补偿机制的政策建议。  相似文献   

7.
发展我国企业年金的障碍与对策   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
发展企业年金是完善我国养老保险体系的必然选择.但我国企业年金在发展中还存在很多障碍因素:有关企业年金的政策法规缺位,企业缺乏建立企业年金的积极性,职工对企业年金的认识存在误区.当前我国发展企业年金的对策是:制定税收优惠政策,促进企业年金发展;完善相关法律法规,规范企业年金运营;企业年金的推行应区别对待,分步实施;建立一定的企业年金风险管理机制,为企业年金发展提供相应的担保;对企业年金进行专业化、规范化经营管理;拓展企业年金基金投资渠道;加强对企业年金的监管.  相似文献   

8.
《企业年金试行办法》和《企业年金基金管理试行办法》确定了我国企业年金实行DC模式,制度设计者期冀借用信托制度来保护企业年金基金的安全和参加企业年金计划的职工的权益。但是,从国外移植的制度设计与我国的信托法律环境并不配套,导致我国企业年金徒有信托之名没有信托之实,在企业年金基金运作中无法充分发挥信托的制度优势,作为企业年金信托受益人的广大职工面临着潜在的制度和法律风险。本文结合5年来我国企业年金的市场实践,从法律的视角解释了我国企业年金适用信托制度过程中存在的本土化问题,论证了目前企业年金信托受托架构设计缺陷对职工权益保护的影响,并提出了切实可行的解决方案。  相似文献   

9.
对私有养老金计划的担保问题一直都是当前养老金计划监管的焦点。本主要介绍美国养老金受益担保公司的组织结构、业务流程、保险费、担保受益以及与计划终止有关的报告制度和信息披露制度,希望对我国企业年金的研究和制度设计有一定借鉴意义。  相似文献   

10.
引入工资差异对企业职工企业年金缴费意愿的影响,采用仿真方法测量企业年金对企业与机关事业单位职工养老金差距的影响。首先,根据我国养老制度安排,构建了企业年金基金、基本养老金、退休金预测模型和养老金差距测量指标;其次,选取工资水平从社平工资的0.5倍~5.0倍的14类代表性职工,模拟了基准情境和提高企业年金税收优惠的四种情境——提高雇主缴费的企业所得税免税上限、降低雇主缴费计入个人账户部分的个人所得税税率、降低领取阶段的个人所得税税率、免征个人缴费的个人所得税,并进行了敏感性分析。仿真结果表明,企业年金及其税收优惠政策能够有效缩小企业与机关事业单位职工养老金差距,提高雇主缴费的企业所得税免税上限的作用最显著。企业年金投资收益率提高、企业年金管理费率降低、余寿减少、社平工资增长率提高和工作年限增加都会放大这种作用,反之亦然。工资越高企业职工从企业年金中获益越大,可能扩大企业职工内部养老金差距。  相似文献   

11.

We analyze minimum rate of return guarantees for life-insurance (investment) contracts and pension plans with a smooth surplus distribution mechanism. We specifically model the smoothing mechanism used by most Danish life-insurance companies and pension funds. The annual distribution of bonus will be based on this smoothing mechanism after taking the minimum rate of return guarantee into account. In addition, based on the contribution method the customer will receive a final (non-negative) undistributed surplus when the contract matures. We consider two different methods that the company can use to collect payment for issuing these minimum rate of return guarantee contracts: the direct method where the company gets a fixed (percentage) fee of the customer's savings each year, e.g. 0.5% in Denmark, and the indirect method where the company gets a share of the distributed surplus. In both cases we analyze how to set the terms of the contract in order to have a fair contract between an individual customer and the company. Having analyzed the one-customer case, we turn to analyzing the case with two customers. We consider the consequences of pooling the undistributed surplus over two inhomogeneous customers. This implies setting up different mechanisms for distributing final bonus (undistributed surplus) between the customers.  相似文献   

12.
As a first step towards establishing models for the asset liability management (ALM) of contribution based pension plans of German pension funds it is important to characterize the essential properties of such plans. It is shown that it is not appropriate to assume an equivalence between such plans and a ?Beitragszusage mit Mindestleistung” (contribution based pension plan with investment guarantee). Although the plans under consideration grant the participation in the asset returns generated by the pension fund, they also guarantee a benefit level. This shows clearly that it is impossible to apply traditional ALM models for defined contribution plans — which in general provide no minimum benefit guarantee — to German pension funds without substantial alterations.  相似文献   

13.
2008年爆发的金融危机对全球经济产生了重要影响,也对拉美国家私营养老金制度的发展产生了巨大冲击。文章介绍了拉美国家私营养老金制度的改革路径和养老基金概况,从养老金资产价值、投资收益率、投资组合、雇员、制度覆盖面和缴费密度方面切入,分析了金融危机对拉美私营养老金制度的影响。在现状分析的基础上,得出了要保障私营养老金制度可持续运行的一些经验启示:构建多元化的混合型养老金体系,增强退休和养老金支付的灵活性,积极运用生命周期投资策略,实施多元化和分散化投资,以养老金长期收益作为投资目标,建立社会风险应急储备基金和政府担保机制,以及加强员工退休教育。  相似文献   

14.
In this paper, we examine the usefulness of expected rates of return (ERR) for public pension plans. Specifically, we test the correlation between the expected rate of return on plan assets and asset allocation. We also examine the predictive power of ERR on the actual returns of the pension assets. We find that the correlation between expected return and the percentage of assets that are equity securities is relatively weak. Further, we find that the percentage of assets that are equity securities is a much better predictor of actual returns than the disclosed expected return in public pension plans. These results provide evidence to support SFAS No. 87 , which requires the disclosure of plan assets and against recently promulgated SFAS No. 132 , which eliminates this disclosure requirement. The evidence also supports GASB 25'sStatement of Net Plan Assets .  相似文献   

15.
彭浩然  程春丽 《金融研究》2021,497(11):117-134
本文从参保人养老投资风险分散角度研究混合型基本养老保险制度设计。通过构建一个两期消费模型,综合考虑参保人所面临的人口结构、工资增长率、养老基金投资等风险因素,本文研究了混合型基本养老保险制度中现收现付制与基金积累制的最优比例,并利用中国数据进行了测算与敏感性分析。研究发现:引入小规模个人账户基金积累制可以分散人口老龄化给现收现付制所带来的风险,中国实行混合型基本养老保险制度有其合理性;但如果要维持40%~45%的养老金替代率水平,中国基本养老保险制度的财务可持续性会面临较大挑战。  相似文献   

16.
Developed countries apply different security mechanisms in regulation to protect pension benefits: solvency requirements, a pension guarantee fund (PGF), and sponsor support. We compare these mechanisms for a generalized form of hybrid pension schemes. We calculate the expected log return for the beneficiaries, the shortfall probability, that is, the likelihood of the pension payment falling below the promised level and the expected loss given shortfall. Comparing solvency requirements to a pension guarantee system or sponsor support involves trading off risk and return. Additional spending on default insurance reduces the shortfall probability and the expected loss given shortfall but also lowers the probability of high positive returns as are feasible under solvency requirements.  相似文献   

17.
After a long commitment to defined benefit (DB) pension plans for U.S. public sector employees, many state legislatures have introduced defined contribution (DC) plans for their public employees. In this process, investment risk that was previously borne by state DB plans has now devolved to employees covered by the new DC plans. In light of this trend, some states have introduced a guarantee mechanism to help protect DC plan participants. One such guarantee takes the form of an option permitting DC plan participants to buy back their DB benefit for a price. This article develops a theoretical framework to analyze the option design and illustrate how employee characteristics influence the option's cost. We illustrate the potential impact of a buy‐back option in a pension reform enacted recently by the State of Florida for its public employees. If employees were to exercise the buy‐back option optimally, the market value of this option could represent up to 100 percent of the DC contributions over their work life.  相似文献   

18.
This study provides evidence that, when “hard” freezing their defined benefit pension plans, employers select downward biased accounting assumptions to exaggerate the economic burden of their benefit plans. Downward biased expected rates of return and discount rates allow managers to increase reported pension expenses and, for discount rates, allow managers to increase reported pension liabilities. We find that prior to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, both rates are downward biased when firms freeze their plans, whereas after SOX the bias is lower. This finding is consistent with managers opportunistically biasing pension estimates to obtain labor concessions during periods of reduced regulatory scrutiny.  相似文献   

19.
Abstract

Bankruptcy risk falls to pension plan participants if a plan sponsor fails when a defined benefit (DB) pension plan is underfunded. This article examines the incidence of that risk and how it changes when public policy provides a guarantee fund. Although government-based guarantee funds are in a unique position to provide pension protection, primarily because of the extent to which the risk of sponsor default is systematic in nature, a looming question is the extent to which such guarantees are exposed to moral hazard. The article focuses on that question using data from four Canadian provinces, including one (Ontario) that operates a guarantee fund for pensions. The findings show that plan assets per DB-plan participant increase with the earnings of workers and decrease with higher unemployment, and that level of assets also is moderated by the influence of taxes, with higher plan assets observed when and where tax rates are higher. Plans in Ontario had on average $20,035 less in asset value per participant, and Ontario plans covered by the guarantee fund had an average of $16,497 less per participant than other Canadian DB plans not backed by a guarantee fund. A separate model finds the presence of a guarantee fund to be one of a very small number of variables significant in explaining variability in the plans’ funded ratios. These empirical results are consistent with the existence of moral hazard.  相似文献   

20.
文章梳理了英国养老金制度改革历程,归纳了三个支柱改革的金融化导向及表现,分析了金融化改革对第二、三支柱养老金覆盖率、缴费率、投资收益和基金积累的影响,以及生命周期化投资、养老金债券等金融创新在应对低利率风险、金融危机冲击风险中的作用.基于英国养老金金融化改革经验,结合我国企业年金和个人养老金发展的实际,总结了引入"自动加入"制度、发展集合年金计划、完善税收优惠、推行审慎监管、鼓励养老金生命周期投资创新以及改革基础养老金制度为职业年金和个人养老金金融化改革创造条件等结论和启示.  相似文献   

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