公司特征、股权结构与现金持有量

在中国特定的制度和治理背景下探讨企业特征与股权结构对企业现金持有量的影响,并从静态和动态两个角度进行实证研究的结果表明,虽然静态实证结果显示权衡理论、代理理论和融资优序理论都能一定程度上解释中国企业的现金持有行为,但动态实证结果显示中国上市公司的现金持有量具有动态的均值复归趋势。这符合权衡理论和代理理论的预期,但不符合融资优序理论预期。     

经济波动对现金持有量的影响：一个理论分析框架

宏观经济波动作为影响产业以及企业行为的外生性变量,对企业的现金持有水平在特殊时期起到十分关键的作用,本文从现金持有的权衡理论、融资优序理论和代理成本理论三个方面分析了宏观经济波动下企业持有现金的动机,从而揭示宏观经济波动对企业现金持有决策的作用机理,为研究企业现金持有量的决定因素开辟了新的视角。     

现金持有的行业特征:差异性与收敛性

本文研究了中国上市公司现金持有行为的行业特征及其影响因素。结果表明:(1)不同行业间的现金持有存在显著差异,且这种差异在时序上表现出高度的稳定性;(2)就行业内部而言,个别公司的现金持有倾向于向行业均值收敛,调整成本导致偏离幅度越大收敛速度越慢,平均调整半周期约为1.3年;(3)资产结构、行业竞争强度以及行业收益不确定性都是导致现金持有水平行业差异的重要因素。上述结果为权衡理论提供了有力的经验支持,表明中国上市公司会在权衡现金持有利弊的基础上确定目标现金持有水平,而行业均值是一个重要的参考标准。     

现金持有、管理者权力与企业投资效率研究——基于随机前沿分析法

本文基于融资约束假设,采用异质性随机前沿模型探讨了现金持有对企业投资效率的影响,并研究了管理者权力在这一过程中发挥的作用。研究发现:企业现金持有行为能够起到减弱投资无效率的作用。但是这种减弱作用在管理者权力较高的企业中受到明显抑制,并且企业内部控制无法对高权力管理者的负面影响进行有效治理。这表明,适当约束管理者权力、加强企业内部控制制度建设仍是企业应当考虑的问题。本文的研究结论在肯定权衡理论对企业现金持有动机的基础上,为代理理论的解释提供了新的经验证据。     

上市公司资本结构与现金持有--基于权衡理论与啄食理论的再考察

本文研究了资本结构对我国上市公司现金持有量影响的异质性特征,研究得到：公司现金持有量与杠杆率总体上显著负相关,符合啄食理论的判断;杠杆率较高和较低的公司,其现金持有量与杠杆率显著负相关,中等杠杆率水平的公司,其现金持有量随杠杆率的增加而增加。啄食理论适用于解释高、低杠杆率公司的现金决策,而权衡理论对理解中等杠杆率水平的公司现金持有量与杠杆率的关系更有效。     

银行业结构、企业高管权力与企业现金持有

基于沪深两市A股上市公司2007~2012年的相关数据,本文研究宏观金融环境对微观企业资金配置的影响。研究发现:企业高管权力与企业现金持有成正比,这符合代理理论的解释。通过中介效应检验发现,集中的银行业结构可以改善企业融资环境、强化银行治理作用,进而降低企业现金持有水平,对高管依托权力的现金操纵行为起到一定的抑制作用,这与信息基础假说的解释相吻合,即集中的银行业结构有益于降低企业的信息不对称程度,改善企业融资环境的同时也增强了银行甄别、监督借款企业的能力。     

公司治理对我国上市公司现金持有的影响分析

＂自由现金流说＂认为较好的公司治理能迫使经理人将自由现金流返还给股东,现金持有水平会较低;＂现金花费说＂和＂股东权力说＂则认为公司治理好的情形下,现金持有水平会更高。对处于转型经济环境的我国来说,＂现金花费说＂和＂股东权力说＂能更好地解释上市公司现金持有行为。     

半强制分红政策、再融资动机与经典股利理论——基于股利代理理论与信号理论视角的实证研究

本文实证检验了中国独特的半强制分红政策对有再融资动机的上市公司分红行为的影响,并进一步考察了半强制分红政策背景下股利代理理论和信号理论这两种经典股利理论的解释力。研究发现:(1)半强制分红政策显著提高了有再融资动机的上市公司的派现意愿和派现水平;(2)上市公司派现可以有效降低两类代理成本,而现金股利变动(尤其是现金股利增加)则可以有效传递公司未来盈利变动的信号;(3)相比而言,有再融资动机的上市公司通过派现降低两类代理成本、发送股利信号的作用显著更弱。可见,虽然股利代理理论和信号理论总体上能够解释中国上市公司分红行为,但在半强制分红政策背景下,有再融资动机的上市公司分红行为受到了明显干预,这使得两种经典股利理论的解释力有所削弱。     

产品市场竞争影响企业现金持有量吗?——基于掠夺理论的实证研究

文章根据掠夺理论来考察产品市场竞争对企业现金持有量的影响。结果表明:垄断性行业中的企业会持有更多的现金以防备潜在的掠夺风险,而且这样的效应在高成长性行业中更加显著;将公司治理因素纳入分析之后的结果同样表明这些企业确实会基于防范掠夺风险的动机而不是代理冲突而持有更多的现金。另外,文章还发现:位于垄断性行业中的企业具有较高的现金-现金流敏感度,其持有较多的现金有利于应对竞争对手增加投资的掠夺行为。     

现金持有对企业经营业绩的影响——在中国经济增速下滑的背景下

对企业来说,现金是至关重要的资产。现金不仅与企业的经营、投资、筹资等各方面行为有重大影响,而且与企业的经营业绩密切相关。通过对现金持有的利弊进行权衡来确定合理的现金持有量,是企业一项重要的财务行为。近年来,我国经济增速下滑:2003年~2007年我国GDP增长率超过10%;2012年~2015年GDP增长率下滑至7%~8%,2015年跌破7%。我国经济步入新常态阶段,"新常态"中的"常",意味着相对稳定。也就是说我国的经济增速在短期内不会有大幅度的提高,结合这个背景,联系我国上市公司在经济增速下滑背景下现金持有的行为,分析现金持有对企业经营业绩的影响具有重要意义。     

Does national culture affect international corporate cash holdings?

The current literature frequently examines the effects of shareholder rights protection on corporate cash holdings in the context of agency theory. In this study, we show that national culture influences corporate managers’ cash holding behavior beyond the effects of corporate governance and financial market developments in each country through the perception of agency costs and value of financial flexibility. Using Hofstede's cultural dimension indices, we find that corporations hold larger cash and liquid balances in countries where the people tend to avoid uncertainty more, are culturally more masculine, and have longer term orientation.     

激进战略与企业现金持有——预防性动机还是代理动机

以2007-2016年A股非金融上市公司为样本,考察了公司战略激进程度对现金持有决策的影响,并从现金持有价值与竞争效应两个角度,探讨不同公司战略类型下现金持有经济后果的差异。研究结果显示：公司战略越激进,企业现金持有水平越高;并且战略越激进,现金持有价值越高,现金的竞争效应越强。进一步研究表明：随着融资约束和经济政策不确定性的提高,采取激进战略的公司,现金持有水平进一步提高。这说明公司战略是影响现金持有决策的重要因素,而战略激进的公司持有大量现金主要是出于预防性动机,而非代理动机。     

Family control and adjustment to the optimal level of cash holding

Given the predominance of family control in most European corporations, understanding how this type of ownership affects firms’ cash holding policy is important. The literature has yet to address this subject satisfactorily; therefore, we outline a way to model how family firms define their cash policy, specifically, the way in which they adjust their cash holding to an optimal level. We base our analysis on trade-off theory and the precautionary motive for holding cash. Our empirical results show that family firms adjust their cash holding level more aggressively than non-family firms, and, therefore, family firms are capable of achieving optimal cash holding faster and more efficiently than non-family firms. Further, we find that family firms have a heterogeneous cash policy; in particular, young family firms, financially constrained family firms, and family firms that operate in countries with strong investor protection adjust their cash holding more aggressively.     

Labor Union Effect on Corporate Cash Holdings and Their Marginal Value

By using panel data from Korean listed firms, we find that unionized firms strategically hold less cash to enhance their bargaining power against labor unions. We also find that unionized firms are likely to reduce the marginal value of their cash holdings, thereby decreasing shareholder value from the agency theory perspective. This finding complements the agency theory argument that managers tend to waste corporate resources by hoarding cash, particularly when faced with increased information asymmetry and financial constraints. Overall, our results suggest that information-related financial constraints and agency problems are likely to co-exist in unionized firms.     

企业集团财务管控与上市公司现金持有水平研究

与现有基于上市公司单个企业的研究不同,本文以股改后2006—2009年沪深股市3958个A股上市公司为样本,考察了企业集团财务管控对上市公司现金持有水平的影响。实证发现集团控股上市公司现金持有水平较高,国有集团控股的更高。集团财务管控方式显著影响上市公司现金持有水平,集团选派CFO使之显著降低,拥有财务公司的集团选派CFO使之降幅更大,高达30%。财务公司对现金持有水平影响不显著,但按CFO选派、ERP、产权性质分组后发现,当集团选派CFO或上市公司有ERP财务系统或民营控股时,财务公司显著降低上市公司现金持有水平。上市公司ERP财务信息系统能够提升公司现金管理水平,提高其现金持有水平,而集团选派的CFO可能会通过财务公司和ERP配置现金,降低其控股上市公司现金持有水平。     

Shariah compliance and corporate cash holdings

This study investigates the influence of Shariah compliance status on cash holding levels and the speed of adjustment of non-financial listed firms in six Gulf Cooperation countries from 2005 to 2016. The results show that Shariah compliance status has a significant effect on firms’ cash holding decisions. Shariah-compliant firms have significantly higher cash holding levels than non-Shariah-compliant firms. Further, Shariah-compliant firms adjust more quickly towards their target cash holdings than their conventional counterparts. In our view, Shariah-compliant firms are subject to multiple restrictions that limit their external financing channels. Therefore, holding larger cash reserves is important as it helps gain from the transaction cost motive of holding cash. The findings of this study have important implications for regulators, investors and managers. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to compare the effect of Shariah compliance on firms’ cash holdings and the speed of adjustment towards the trade-off theory’s optimal cash holding target.     

Corporate cash holdings: Causes and consequences

The considerable growth in corporate cash holdings around the world has prompted scholarly interest. Consequently, there is now a large academic literature examining cash holdings and their impact on corporate outcomes and firm values. This article reviews and synthesizes the literature to offer insight into two primary motives to hold cash: precautionary and agency. We first present a stylized model that explores the trade-off in holding cash between these two motives and then examine empirical studies to determine how existing theories are supported by evidence using data from a variety of countries. In addition, we examine the effectiveness of a variety of corporate governance devices in curtailing cash holdings and also the extent to which these devices offer investors' confidence that cash will not be wasted. Finally, we discuss methodological and measurement issues associated with empirical cash holdings studies.     

Cash holding,trade credit and access to short-term bank finance

Since 1988, cash holding of the UK companies has increased from 10.6% to 16.4% of total assets. To explain this increase, we develop a panel vector autoregression and analyse the dynamics between cash holding and its closest substitutes, trade credit and short-term bank finance. Impulse response functions confirm the signalling theory, as trade credit facilitates access to bank finance. Firms experiencing liquidity shocks resort to cash or trade credit but not to bank finance. Cash holding improves access to trade credit. Additional cash and trade credit trigger a slowdown of the cash conversion cycle explained by agency theory. Cash-rich firms have accumulated more cash than predicted because of an unexpected decline in short-term debt, stressing the role of banks in explaining the increase in cash holding.     

金字塔结构与会计盈余可靠性——来自中国民营上市公司的经验证据

以2006~2008年中国民营上市公司为研究样本,研究了金字塔结构对民营上市公司会计盈余可靠性的影响。研究发现,实际控制人的现金流量权与上市公司盈余可靠性呈U型关系;在控制了现金流量权后,实际控制人的控制权越低,即两权分离程度越低,则上市公司会计盈余可靠性越高;上市公司被占用的资金越大,上市公司的盈余可靠性越低。