企业ESG表现对债务违约风险的影响——基于企业生命周期理论视角

以2011—2021年沪深上市公司为样本，实证检验了企业ESG表现对债务违约风险的影响以及生命周期的调节作用。研究发现，企业良好的ESG表现能够降低债务违约风险，生命周期在ESG表现影响债务违约风险中具有调节作用，成长期和成熟期的企业ESG表现对企业债务违约风险有显著缓解作用，而衰退期企业ESG表现对债务违约风险的缓解作用不显著。影响机制研究表明，ESG表现通过提高信息披露质量与公司治理水平，进而降低企业债务违约风险。     

非控股大股东退出威胁、社会责任履行与股价崩盘风险

以2010—2020年中国A股上市公司为样本，实证检验了非控股大股东退出威胁、企业社会责任表现对股价崩盘风险的影响。研究结果表明，非控股大股东退出威胁能够降低股价崩盘风险；非控股大股东退出威胁还能够通过促进战略型社会责任的履行，进一步降低股价崩盘风险，而自利型社会责任对股价崩盘风险的中介效应存在滞后性。     

提高信息披露质量能降低企业债务违约风险吗？

债务违约风险对企业的生产经营和资本市场的良好发展都会产生不利影响，如何防范化解企业的债务违约风险引起广泛重视。本文以2007-2021年A股上市企业为样本，采用上市企业信息披露考评结果衡量信息披露质量，运用面板固定效应模型系统考察信息披露质量对企业债务违约风险的影响。研究发现：一是信息披露质量与企业债务违约风险显著负相关，即信息披露质量越高，企业债务违约风险越低，且进行一系列稳健性检验后，该结论仍然成立；二是分析师关注和内部控制质量分别作为外部监督和内部监督机制，对信息披露质量与企业债务违约风险之间的关系发挥负向调节作用；三是信息披露质量通过缓解融资约束和降低非效率投资两条路径降低债务违约风险。本文基于信息披露视角，为防范化解企业债务违约风险提供了一定的政策启示。     

贷款利率市场化降低了企业债务违约风险吗?

以中国人民银行放开贷款利率上限和下限为准自然实验,检验贷款利率市场化如何影响企业债务违约风险.研究发现:贷款利率上限的放开对企业债务违约风险的影响不明显,但下限的放开却能显著降低企业债务违约风险,并且这种作用一部分是通过遏制"短贷长投"的渠道实现的;此外,异质性检验表明,下限放开降低企业债务违约风险的作用在规模小以及研发投入高的企业中更明显.     

环境不确定性、企业社会责任与审计收费

以每股社会贡献值为企业社会责任表现的代理变量,研究在环境不确定条件下企业社会责任与审计收费的关系。结果显示,企业的社会责任表现与审计收费显著正相关,原因是企业可能通过良好的社会责任表现以转移利益相关者视线从而掩饰其盈余管理等行为,而审计师将会针对性地实施更多的审计程序,并提高风险估价,因而导致审计收费提高。进一步研究发现,环境不确定性是上述两者关系的调节性影响因素,相对于环境不确定性较低的企业,环境不确定性较高企业的社会责任表现与审计收费的关系更为显著,这说明如果企业在面临较高的环境不确定性时仍然有着良好的社会责任表现,将存在更大的掩饰其盈余管理等行为的可能,从而导致审计师更大幅度地提高审计收费。     

考虑ESG表现的企业违约风险预警研究

近年来，企业ESG表现（即在环境保护、社会责任和治理水平方面的表现）在违约风险预警中的作用得到了广泛关注。使用2020年和2021年共417家A股上市公司数据进行回归分析，探究ESG表现与企业违约风险之间的联系，构建加入ESG指标的企业违约风险预警模型，同时进行样本内检验和样本外预测。结果显示，ESG表现与企业违约风险呈显著的负相关关系，较高的ESG得分对应着更低的违约风险，且这种负向影响在非国有企业中更加明显。加入ESG指标能在一定程度上提高预警模型的准确度，有效降低第二类错误。研究结论为考虑ESG因素的企业违约风险研究提供了更有力的参考，并对ESG指标在金融市场上的应用提出了相关建议，对助力我国绿色金融发展有一定意义。     

社会责任信息披露与股价崩盘风险--基于信息效应与声誉保险效应的路径分析北大核心CSSCISSCI

本文从企业信息不对称和投资者情绪两个角度探讨了企业股价崩盘风险的形成机理,并以2009-2014年沪深A股上市公司为样本,分别从社会责任信息披露的信息效应和声誉保险效应两条路径考察了对股价崩盘风险的影响。研究发现,社会责任信息披露与未来股价崩盘风险显著负相关,说明企业披露社会责任信息降低了未来股价崩盘风险。对影响路径的分析发现,社会责任信息同时通过信息效应和声誉保险效应降低股价崩盘风险,但声誉保险效应占据主导地位。在通过一系列稳健性检验后,以上结论仍成立。拓展分析表明,自愿社会责任信息披露相对于应规披露,对股价崩盘风险的约束作用更强,且上述关系在企业违规这一特定情境下仍成立。本文不仅丰富了企业股价崩盘风险形成机理的理解和分析范式,为股价崩盘风险的预防提供了新的经验支持,对于深入理解社会责任信息披露的经济后果也具有重要的理论与现实意义。     

浅议社会责任审计风险的产生原因及其防范措施

企业的利益相关者对企业履行社会责任情况信息披露的要求日益提高,企业社会责任审计活动也越来越得到理论界和实务界的重视,社会责任审计也应运而生。本文通过本文首先分析了企业"社会责任"的含义,探讨社会责任审计风险的成因,并提出风险防范措施。以期能对社会责任审计实际起到一定的借鉴作用,降低审计单位的风险。     

浅议社会责任审计风险的产生原因及其防范措施

企业的利益相关者对企业履行社会责任情况信息披露的要求日益提高,企业社会责任审计活动也越来越得到理论界和实务界的重视,社会责任审计也应运而生。本文通过本文首先分析了企业"社会责任"的含义,探讨社会责任审计风险的成因,并提出风险防范措施。以期能对社会责任审计实际起到一定的借鉴作用,降低审计单位的风险。     

社会责任报告及鉴证能否传递有效信号?——基于企业声誉理论的分析

本文依托企业声誉理论,以我国2008—2009年间沪深两市非ST上市公司为样本,通过检验企业社会责任报告及鉴证对社会责任表现与企业声誉两者关系的影响,分析我国企业社会责任报告及鉴证的信号传递作用。研究发现:企业社会责任表现能提升企业声誉;企业社会责任报告能有效传递社会责任表现的信息,增强社会责任表现与企业声誉之间的正向关系;企业社会责任报告鉴证并没有显著促进社会责任表现对企业声誉的作用。本文的研究结果显示,我国现有的企业社会责任报告鉴证尚无法提高企业社会责任表现和社会责任报告的可信度。本文最后对改善我国企业社会责任报告鉴证的质量提出了建议。     

Social Capital,Trust, and Corporate Performance: How CSR Helped Companies During the Financial Crisis (and Why It Can Keep Helping Them)

The authors summarize the findings of their study, published recently in the Journal of Finance, that shows that CSR investments can help companies when they perhaps need it most—that is, during sharp downturns when overall trust in companies and markets declines. Companies with high‐CSR rankings experienced stock returns that were five to seven percentage points higher than their low‐CSR counterparts during the 2008–2009 financial crisis, and even larger excess returns during the Enron crisis of 2001–2003. High‐CSR companies during the crisis also reported better operating performance, higher growth, higher employee productivity, and greater access to debt markets—while continuing to generate higher shareholder returns as late as the end of 2013. Many of these operating improvements continued well into the post‐crisis period, though at more modest levels. As the authors view their findings, the ‘social capital’ built up by corporate CSR programs complements effective financial capital management in increasing shareholder wealth mainly by limiting companies' downside risk. CSR is seen as not only reducing systematic as well as firm‐specific risk, but as also providing protection against overall ‘loss of trust.’ The social capital created by CSR programs is said to provide a kind of insurance policy that pays off when investors and the overall economy face a severe crisis of confidence.     

Distance to default,subordinated debt,and distress indicators in the banking industry*

The recent financial crisis has highlighted the inadequacy of present supervisory arrangements to identify reliable ex‐ante indicators of banking distress. For a sample of US bank holding companies, we analyse the extent to which distance to default based on market data can be explained using accounting‐based indicators of risk. We show that a larger number of bank fundamentals help predict default for institutions that issue subordinated debt. For banks that issue sub‐debt, we find that higher charter values and low bank capitalizations further increase the power of bank fundamentals to predict default risk.     

上市公司违约风险、盈余质量与银行信用借款——基于沪深A股市场的经验研究

本文从静态和动态两个层面研究了会计信息的银行债务契约有用性。实证研究发现,上市公司基于会计信息的违约风险越大,银行信用借款比例越低;盈余质量越差则会显著降低违约风险与信用借款之间的关系;而在区分了长短期信用借款后,上述关系仅存在于短期信用借款之中。进一步研究发现,银企关系的好坏会显著影响长期信用借款的比例。这表明会计信息能降低银行债务契约决策中的信息不对称,但其有用性却受到盈余质量和债务期限的影响。     

Corporate social responsibility and inside debt: The long game

We examine the effect of CEO inside debt on corporate social responsibility (CSR). We document a positive relation between CEO inside debt and CSR. This positive relation is attenuated not only when firms face high risk, but also when firms have high short-term institutional ownership. Our evidence supports the view that CEOs with large inside debt holdings are more concerned about firm sustainability and, are therefore more likely to prefer CSR for long-term firm benefits, i.e., the long game. We also find that CSR and CEO inside debt jointly exert a significantly positive impact on long-run stock performance, particularly in the presence of a low level of short-term institutional holdings. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of aligning institutional investor preferences with CEO incentives in order to maximize shareholder benefits from CSR investment.     

Multi-dimensional corporate social responsibilities and stock price crash risk: Evidence from China

Worldwide, there has been an ongoing debate about whether corporate social responsibility (CSR) can lead to better financial market performance, or whether corporations can do well by doing good. Working with a sample of all listed companies in China from 2010 to 2017, this study examines the impacts of three dimensions of CSR on stock price crash risk. We find that CSR, especially firms' responsibility to the environment and stakeholders, significantly reduces stock price crash risk, while social contributions such as charitable donations have no significant effect on stock crash risk. Attracting long-term institutional investors is the primary mechanism through which CSR can curb crash risk. Mitigating earnings management is also a channel through which overall CSR and stakeholder responsibility contribute to a lower stock crash risk. Finally, we find that stakeholder responsibility and environmental responsibility can help improve stock market performance.     

New Zealand finance companies and risk premiums

This article uses the recent implosion of the finance company sector in New Zealand to examine a number of questions. In the period between the upsurge in the default rate in 2006 and the implementation of a Government Guarantee Scheme in October 2008, we find that the debt risk premiums within the deposit rates of these institutions were grossly inadequate to compensate for default risk, that depositors continued to make significant new deposits even into firms that failed shortly afterwards and that the failure of the companies to increase the risk premiums was likely out of concern that this would aggravate perceptions of default risk.     

自由现金流量创造力与违约风险——来自A股公司的经验证据

本文基于我国A股上市公司数据,研究了企业自由现金流量创造力与违约风险之间的关系。研究发现:(1)企业自由现金流量创造力越强,其违约风险越低。经过一系列稳健性检验后,该结论依旧成立。(2)自由现金流量创造力越强的企业往往有更低的债务规模、更高的资产收益率和更低的股票波动,因而其违约风险更低。(3)自由现金流量创造力与违约风险的负相关关系,主要存在于货币政策紧缩时期以及外部信息环境较差的企业。本文发现意味着,监管部门和投资者应重视上市公司自由现金流量创造力不足所带来的潜在债务违约风险,通过不断提高公司自由现金流量创造力,助力我国宏观经济与微观企业高质量发展。     

欧洲主权债务危机的发展与应对之策

受近期希腊债务违约风险上升、欧债危机向核心国蔓延、欧洲银行业融资缺口扩大等负面因素冲击，欧洲金融市场遭遇大幅动荡。文章指出，在短期内，防止希腊债务违约是遏制欧债危机进一步蔓延、防范债务危机与银行危机并发的关键；长期而言，欧元及欧盟运作机制的改革将不可避免，完善退出机制将是欧元区长期稳定运作的基石。     

劳动保护、社保压力与企业违约风险——基于《社会保险法》实施的研究

本文利用2011年《社会保险法》实施的政策冲击所造成的准自然实验情境构建双重差分模型,考察了劳动保护对上市公司债务违约风险的影响。研究发现,劳动保护加强后,劳动密集型企业的违约风险显著提升了约1.5%。在此基础上,进一步检验了劳动保护影响企业违约风险的渠道,发现劳动保护提高了企业的经营性负债水平,并最终提高了违约风险。此外,在国有企业、融资约束水平较高、信息披露水平较低和创新水平较低的企业,劳动保护对企业违约风险的影响更加显著。本文拓展了劳动保护经济后果的研究,也为评价《社会保险法》的政策后果提供了新的经验证据。本研究可为"新冠"疫情期间政府制定政策减免企业社保支出提供参考。     

Strategic Default and Equity Risk Across Countries

We show that the prospect of a debt renegotiation favorable to shareholders reduces the firm's equity risk. Equity beta and return volatility are lower in countries where the bankruptcy code favors debt renegotiations and for firms with more shareholder bargaining power relative to debt holders. These relations weaken as the country's insolvency procedure favors liquidations over renegotiations. In the limit, when debt contracts cannot be renegotiated, equity risk is independent of shareholders' incentives to default strategically. We argue that these findings support the hypothesis that the threat of strategic default can reduce the firm's equity risk.