中、外资银行的竞争与合作浅析

一 影响中、外资银行业竞争的因素 从一般意义上来讲,影响银行业竞争力的主要因素有银行规模（包括资产规模和资本规模）、技术和创新、经营与管理、人力资源、市场结构、制度与政策等。外资银行的陆续进入。对中资银行来说竞争是不可避免的．没有竞争也就失去了发展动力,但是,笔者认为,中、外资银行在竞争中有合作,而且合作多于竞争。     

中国银行业的集中度、竞争度与银行风险

本文基于1995～2010年125家商业银行的非平衡面板数据,并利用更具微观基础的Lerner指数衡量银行竞争度,研究了我国银行业集中度、竞争度与银行风险之间的关系。结果表明,我国银行业集中度和竞争度均与银行风险呈显著的正相关关系,这一结论在一定程度上支持了"集中度-脆弱性假说"和"竞争度-脆弱性假说"。研究还发现,银行竞争度并不是导致银行集中度与银行风险正相关的原因。这些结论意味着,我国可以通过放松银行业进入管制来降低银行集中度,从而降低银行风险。同时,由于银行竞争度并不会影响银行集中度与银行风险之间的相关关系,因此即使银行业竞争度上升,也不宜因此而出台加强银行业进入管制的政策。     

外资银行进入对我国银行业市场竞争度的影响：基于Panzar-Rosse模型的实证研究

本文采用Panzar-Rosse模型度量了1996年至2006年间我国银行业的市场竞争度,并对外资银行进入程度与市场竞争度的关系进行了经验分析,结果表明,近十年间我国银行业呈现垄断竞争格局,且竞争压力呈上升趋势,这主要归因于银行业市场集中度的下降。外资银行进入程度与银行业市场竞争度呈现U型关系,当前外资银行带来的实际竞争压力还很有限,只有当外资银行进入程度达到并超过一定水平时,才会对我国银行业的市场竞争发挥促进作用。     

中国银行业环境信息披露水平及其影响因素——基于16家上市银行的实证分析

本文从环境报告的可信度、广泛度、客观度、重视度、表现度、便捷度六个方面衡量了银行业环境信息披露水平,并在此基础上重点对环境信息披露指数与银行盈利能力、规模、财务杠杆、实际控股人属性之间的关联度进行了实证检验。研究结果表明:上市银行的环境信息披露水平总体上看近几年有较大提升,但各银行环境信息披露指数的差异很大,差异主要体现在信息披露的数量和可信度上;银行资产规模与环境信息披露水平之间存在显著的正相关关系,实际控股人属性也会对环境信息披露水平产生一定影响。因此,随着企业规模的不断提高,其环境信息披露水平也会相应提升。     

我国银行业集中度、规模对绩效的影响

本文以SCP为理论基础,分析了我国银行业的集中度、规模和绩效水平,并通过线性回归,发现银行业集中度与绩效负相关,银行业规模与绩效正相关。结论即降低银行业集中度,以加强我国银行业竞争程度,进而提高绩效水平。     

我国商业银行集中度和市场结构分析

本文运用市场集中率指标、贝恩竞争结构分类法和赫芬达尔指数分析了我国银行业的市场集中度和市场结构,并指出居高不下的市场进入壁垒是导致我国银行业市场垄断程度高的主要原因,这种壁垒表现为政策法制壁垒、规模壁垒、产品差异壁垒和绝对成本壁垒。     

浅析入世对我国银行业的冲击

入世后 ,我国银行业的竞争主要表现在资产和资本规模上、市场环境上、市场份额上等。入世对我国银行业的冲击主要是人才和优质客户的流失     

我国银行业集中度、规模对绩效的影响

本文以SCP为理论基础,分析了我国银行业的集中度、规模和绩效水平,并通过线性回归,发现银行业集中度与绩效负相关,银行业规模与绩效正相关.结论即降低银行业集中度,以加强我国银行业竞争程度,进而提高绩效水平.     

竞争度、集中度和金融体系的稳定性——基于新兴市场经济国家的数据

本文研究新兴市场经济国家银行业市场的竞争度、集中度与金融体系稳定性的关系,基于Bankscope数据库以及IMF数据库的数据,运用Z得分、赫芬达尔指数(HHI)和经效率调整后的Lerner指数,并引进一系列控制变量进行实证研究,结果表明,新兴市场经济国家银行业在1997—2012年间的集中度不断下降,从而有助于降低银行体系的风险,实证结论支持竞争稳定性假说和集中脆弱性假说,即银行业竞争度越高,集中度越低,则银行体系的稳定性越高。     

海峡两岸银行业集中度与市场结构比较

银行业是金融业的核心,两岸银行业的发展与合作程度直接关系到两岸经济金融的整体协作和发展水平。本文在总结两岸银行业市场结构变迁历程的基础上,比较分析两岸银行业主要市场特征,采用集中比率指标及赫希曼-赫芬达尔指数,对两岸银行业市场集中度进行测度。结果表明,大陆银行业市场垄断程度有所减弱,市场竞争程度逐步增强;台湾地区银行业的竞争度较高,属于竞争型的市场结构。在集中度与市场结构存在明显差异的背景下,两岸银行业具有较强的互补性和交流合作的现实需要。     

Impact of the Heterogeneity in Market Power on the Relationship Between Risk Taking and Competition: Case of the Chilean Banking Sector

Until the end of the 1990s, the existence of a negative relationship between banking competition and stability was generally accepted in the economic literature. Since then, a new point of view has emerged questioning this relationship and instead argues about the existence of a positive relationship between these two variables. This paper studies the impact of the heterogeneity in market power on this relationship through the case of the Chilean banking sector. The results indicate that this kind of heterogeneity can play an important role in the relationship between risk taking and competition.     

中国银行业竞争与稳定关系研究

运用1993-2008年间中国银行业的数据对问题展开了实证研究,分别运用Z指数和勒纳指数衡量了银行稳定与市场竞争程度,并通过计量模型分析了两者之间的关系.研究结果表明我国银行业的稳定性和竞争程度在样本期内均呈现出波动变化的特征,竞争与风险之间呈现出U型关系,即在初期银行竞争有助于稳定性的增强,而随着竞争程度的进一步上升稳定性有所下降.     

中国银行业竞争与稳定关系研究

本文运用Z指数和勒纳指数衡量了银行稳定与市场竞争程度,并通过计量模型分析了两者之间的关系。研究结果表明我国银行业的稳定性和竞争程度在样本期内均呈现出波动变化的特征,竞争与风险之间呈现出U型关系,即在初期银行竞争有助于稳定性的增强,而随着竞争程度的进一步上升稳定性有所下降。     

资本监管对我国银行业市场竞争度的影响研究

2004年《商业银行资本充足率管理办法》颁布后，我国开始真正意义上的资本监管。统一的资本监管标准．有利于银行业市场竞争的公平性。本文通过对资本监管与银行业市场竞争度的相关性分析和Granger因果检验，探讨了资本监管对我国银行业市场竞争度的影响。结果发现，资本监管与银行业市场竞争度存在相关性，但相关系数较低，且他们之间没有明显的因果关系，我国商业银行资本监管还有待进一步的改进和完善。     

The Puzzle Between Banking Competition and Profitability can be Solved: International Evidence from Bank-Level Data

This article applies the GMM techniques for dynamic panels using bank-level data for 61 countries over the period 1992 to 2006 to re-investigate the impact of banking competition on profitability. The extant literature, which ignores influence factors, presents ambiguity towards the impact of banking competition on profitability. However, when the effects of a broad range of factors are taken into consideration, five conclusions are reached. First, along with the change in market structure, a higher degree of activity restriction enhances banks’ profits. Second, restrictions on the rights of commercial banks to engage in securities, insurance, and other non-banking-related business, along with restrictions on the entry of foreign banks into these markets, weaken the positive relationship between banking competition and profits. Third, a higher degree of efficiency within the judicial system and the added protection afforded to investors may weaken or else have no impact on the positive relationship. Fourth, the positive relationship may weaken in countries having a sound financial system or high income per capita. Finally, greater competitive pressure facing banks may weaken or eliminate the impact of banking competition on profit.     

How does competition affect bank systemic risk?

Using bank level measures of competition and co-dependence, we show a robust negative relationship between bank competition and systemic risk. Whereas much of the extant literature has focused on the relationship between competition and the absolute level of risk of individual banks, in this paper we examine the correlation in the risk taking behavior of banks. We find that greater competition encourages banks to take on more diversified risks, making the banking system less fragile to shocks. Examining the impact of the institutional and regulatory environment on bank systemic risk shows that banking systems are more fragile in countries with weak supervision and private monitoring, greater government ownership of banks, and with public policies that restrict competition. We also find that the negative effect of lack of competition can be mitigated by a strong institutional environment that allows for efficient public and private monitoring of financial institutions.     

Market Power in European Banking Sectors

We analyze the evolution of market power in the main banking sectors of the European Union. The evolution of the relative margins does not show an increase in the degree of competition within the EU. The explanatory factors of the relative margins most directly related to market power are not significant, and even have a negative influence (concentration in the deposits market). The size and efficiency of banks, default risk, and the economic cycle have a notable capacity to explain the behavior of the market power. The results show the inadequacy of using concentration measures as proxy for the competition environment in banking markets.     

银行业市场结构对企业生产率的影响——来自工业企业的经验证据

本文在充分考虑中国信贷市场本地竞争特征的基础上,利用手工收集的商业银行分支机构独特数据构造了城市层面的银行业市场结构指标,并将其与2002-2007年中国工业企业数据库进行合并构造基础数据库,考察了银行业市场结构对企业生产率的影响。研究发现:首先,一个更具竞争性的银行业市场结构显著提高了企业生产率,这支持了银行业市场结构的“市场力量假说”;其次,从影响机制来看,一个更具竞争性的银行业市场结构更有利于缓解企业面临的融资约束;最后,银行业市场结构对企业生产率的影响在那些面临更多融资约束的企业中更为显著,小企业、非国有企业、新企业和高技术行业的企业从银行业竞争中获益更大。     

Banking structure and industrial growth: Evidence from China

The debate on the puzzling relationship between financial development and economic growth in China has remained inconclusive because the effects of banking ownership structure and size structure are highly intertwined in the existing studies. This paper addresses this problem by specifying an empirical model to disentangle the two structural effects. The analysis uses a data set that includes the banking sector and 28 manufacturing industries across 30 Chinese provinces over the period 1999–2007. In order to identify the channel through which banking structure affects industrial growth, two interactive variables are constructed to capture the interaction of the prevailing banking structure with labor intensity and the share of non-state-owned enterprises in each industry, respectively. The regression results are robust and make the case for the ongoing banking reforms to reduce state ownership and promote small banking institutions.     

Bank concentration,competition, and crises: First results

Motivated by public policy debates about bank consolidation and conflicting theoretical predictions about the relationship between bank concentration, bank competition and banking system fragility, this paper studies the impact of national bank concentration, bank regulations, and national institutions on the likelihood of a country suffering a systemic banking crisis. Using data on 69 countries from 1980 to 1997, we find that crises are less likely in economies with more concentrated banking systems even after controlling for differences in commercial bank regulatory policies, national institutions affecting competition, macroeconomic conditions, and shocks to the economy. Furthermore, the data indicate that regulatory policies and institutions that thwart competition are associated with greater banking system fragility.