我国产险公司承保亏损原因分析及建议

近年来,我国产险市场保持快速增长,但自2006年起承保效益连续出现大面积亏损,严重影响产险公司偿付能力。本文分析了产险公司承保效益情况,并剖析了造成普遍亏损的原因,认为要扭转产险行业普遍亏损的现状,保险企业要转变经营理念,提升自身经营绩效及经营水平;保险监管部门要在尊重市场规律基础上,推出有效的监管措施,为促进有序竞争提供制度保障。     

对财产保险公司提高盈利能力的思考

中国保监会2008年上半年保险市场运行统计报告显示：我国财产保险承保业务整体亏损。有的省、市财产保险公司近五年算总账处于亏损状态，有的由于偿付能力严重不足而被保险监管机关停止部分业务经营权,形势极其严峻。     

我国保险投资证券化的法律监管

随着保险市场竞争的日益激烈,承保利润不断下降甚至亏损,为提高自身偿付能力,保险公司将保险资金投资于证券市场,以投资利润弥补承保亏损。保险投资证券化是我国当前证券与保险合作的主要形式,它在提高保险投资收益、解决利差损问题的同时,也带来了新的金融风险。我国在保险投资证券化的监管方面存在过度管制与监管不足的矛盾,需要转变监管理念,放松管制、加强监管,实现保险投资安全性、流动性与盈利性的协调。     

我国巨灾债券的税收理念与税收制度

巨灾债券沟通保险市场与资本市场,利用资本市场雄厚的资金实力来弥补再保险市场承保能力的不足。巨灾债券在我国尚属空白,税收制度的不完善是重要原因之一。我国应在深入分析巨灾债券的交易结构与本质属性的基础上,以巨灾债券的税收理念为指导,建立巨灾债券税收制度,以促进金融创新,增加巨灾保险供给。     

构筑保险与资本互动平台

保险市场与资本市场互动的必要性 (一)保险企业经营环境的改变 发达国家保险业的发展经验表明,保险企业的利润主要来自于保险业务的承保利润和资金运用的投资利润.保险市场既是产生承保利润的重要渠道,也是为在资本市场进行投资提供稳定现金流的基础;资本市场不仅可以为保险企业的可运用资金创造投资利润,还可以实现保险企业资产增值.     

交强险巨亏成因分析及对策

自2006年7月施行＂机动车交通责任强制保险＂制度以来,除2008年盈利18亿元外,其余年份交强险业务均为亏损,且亏损额几倍于盈利。根据保监会最新公布的2010年“交强险”经营情况,截至到2010年年底,“交强险”共承保机动车1．01亿辆次,     

黑龙江财产险公司2010年承保效益分析

从2010年1月开始,黑龙江财产险公司扭转几年来连续亏损的局面,承保效益出现＂拐点＂。为找准原因,黑龙江保监局以承保效益的构成为切入点,综合分析了2007年至2010年黑龙江财产险公司的财务数据,对承保效益异动情况进行了研究,归纳出承保利润变化的影响因素,力求为监管决策提供有益的参考。     

我国保险公司经营困境分析及对策

一、保险公司的经营困境对于我国众多保险公司尤其是财产险公司而言，2008年可谓是发展历史上非常不寻常的一年。这一年，保险公司普遍经历了历史罕见的南方雨雪冰冻灾害和四川汶川特大地震灾害，同时遭遇了国际金融危机日趋加重、国内股票市场暴跌、保险市场竞争日趋激烈的严峻挑战。这导致国内保险公司2008年普遍发生承保业务亏损和投资资产贬值，引发巨额亏损和偿付能力不足等问题。     

我国财产保险市场承保效益影响因素分析

近年来,我国产险市场业务呈现快速增长态势,竞争主体迅速增多,市场集中度不断下降,竞争越来越激烈.市场不规范现象经常出现,费率下降,各家保险企业的承保效益出现普遍亏损现象,直接影响了行业的可持续发展和削弱了我国产险企业的市场竞争力.基于此,本文以我国产险市场上10家产险企业为样本,以2004至2008年的数据进行面板回归...     

英国保险监管会计的信息披露

英国保险业开世界保险业之先河,也是最早拟定保险监管法规的国家。历史沿革至今,英国的保险业以其雄厚的承保能力、一流的承保技术、广泛的信息联系、不断推出的新的保险种类而在世界保险市场上建立起了卓越的信誉。英国一直是全世界发展最成熟、保险类型最丰富、保险制度最健全的国家之一。目前,以英国为中心的欧盟保险业拥有全球30%的保险市场,英国的保险会计的发展也处于全球领先水平。借鉴英国经验对我国保险行业探索发展之路、制订行业规范有着重要的意义。我国保险业监督管理委员会于2000年发布了《保险公司偿付能力额度及监管指标管…     

Cost accounting standard and cost accounting systems in Japan. Lessons from the past - recovering lost traditions

This paper aims to show two things. The first is how Japanese culture has contributed to the development of Japanese cost accounting history. The second is to reveal the research possibilities of cost accounting history. This paper also reviews the salient features of several important examples of these aspects of cost accounting practice in Japan. It therefore explores, through some practical illustrations, how and why Japanese cost accounting differs from that found in the West.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

【正】The China Journal of Accounting Research‘‘CJAR’’(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditin...     

Shared Standard Setting in the Public Interest:A Strong Model

正The last two decades have been a definitive era in the evolution of the accountancy profession.In the wake of major corporate scandals at the turn of the century,an international public debate arose on the need for more effective and well-considered regulation;this debate then reignited during the global financial and sovereign debt crises.     

HOW TO PUT TOGETHER A COMPLETE PACKAGE

正Many Institute members know they cannot rely purely on technical knowledge and business acumen to remain competitive.As soft skills are increasingly important,Jemelyn Yadao finds out how CPAs can maintain     

Bayesian Risk Management for Equity-Linked Insurance

This paper describes how to apply Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques to a regime switching model of the stock price process to generate a sample from the joint posterior distribution of the parameters of the model. The MCMC output can be used to generate a sample from the predictive distribution of losses from equity linked contracts, assuming first an actuarial approach to risk management and secondly a financial economics approach. The predictive distribution is used to show the effect of parameter uncertainty on risk management calculations. We also explore model uncertainty by assuming a GARCH model in place of the regime switching model. The results indicate that the financial economics approach to risk management is substantially more robust to parameter uncertainty and model uncertainty than the actuarial approach.     

The historical significance of the revaluation of fixed assets in Japan's state-owned railway system, 1955-6

The Government Railways of Japan (GRJ) established a fixed assets accounting system on the accruals basis after the Second World War. The revaluation of tangible fixed assets was indispensable for GRJ's introduction of depreciation in 1948. GRJ scheduled the revaluation to secure a reasonable depreciation expense, because the company had applied the replacement method to all tangible fixed assets since its foundation in 1869. At the same time, GRJ assumed the balance of the revaluation reserve account to be a means of dealing with possible future accumulated losses.     

Effects of speculation and interest rates in a “carry trade” model of commodity prices

The paper presents and estimates a model of the prices of oil and other storable commodities, a model that can be characterized as reflecting the carry trade. It focuses on speculative factors, here defined as the trade-off between interest rates on the one hand and market participants' expectations of future price changes on the other hand. It goes beyond past research by bringing to bear new data sources: survey data to measure expectations of future changes in commodity prices and options data to measure perceptions of risk. Some evidence is found of a negative effect of interest rates on the demand for inventories and thereby on commodity prices and positive effects of expected future price gains on inventory demand and thereby on today's commodity prices.     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

Optimal Dynamic Premium Control in Non-life Insurance. Maximizing Dividend Pay-outs

In this paper we consider the problem of finding optimal dynamic premium policies in non-life insurance. The reserve of a company is modeled using the classical Cramér-Lundberg model with premium rates calculated via the expected value principle. The company controls dynamically the relative safety loading with the possibility of gaining or loosing customers. It distributes dividends according to a 'barrier strategy' and the objective of the company is to find an optimal premium policy and dividend barrier maximizing the expected total, discounted pay-out of dividends. In the case of exponential claim size distributions optimal controls are found on closed form, while for general claim size distributions a numerical scheme for approximations of the optimal control is derived. Based on the idea of De Vylder going back to the 1970s, the paper also investigates the possibilities of approximating the optimal control in the general case by using the closed form solution of an approximating problem with exponential claim size distributions.     

'More a national asset than an investor's paradise': financial management and the British Motor Corporation, 1952-68

This paper undertakes a comparative analysis of financial management in the British motor industry in the 1950s and 1960s. We question whether US ownership automatically implied greater financial control and immunity from capital market pressures and discuss whether the problems BMC/BMH (British Motor Corporation/British Motor Holdings) experienced were symptomatic of the absence of financial imperatives among British management at this time. Finally we widen the agenda to place our findings on financial management into a wider literature dealing more generally with the problems of managerial control and corporate governance within the motor vehicle industry in the 1950s and 1960s.