无形资产会计的若干问题探讨

随着我国知识经济时代的到来,无形资产已经成为企业最重要的财富,而对无形资产的会计处理则成为人们关注的焦点。本文将全面介绍无形资产演进的全过程,指出我国企业在知识经济时代无形资产确认与核算存在的问题,并结合作者工作和研究的经验给企业无形资产的会计处理提出可行性的建议。     

无形资产资本化会计处理的问题及对策探讨

研发无形资产是企业无形资产的重要组成部分,对于反映企业的财务状况和潜在盈利能力有着重要的意义。新会计准则的颁布,旨在提高会计信息质量,规范我国证券市场,保护中小投资者的利益。从总体上来看,无形资产准则是参照国际会计准则制定的,体现了稳健性原则,从而使得某些上市公司想利用无形资产来粉饰会计报表更加困难,因此,对进一步规范无形资产的确认、计量与报告有着重大意义。知识经济时代,大多数大型企业通常将自己定位于价值链的高端业务,无形资产在总资产中所占的比重显著上升,无形资产核算的正确与否将直接影响企业财务状况和经营成果的公允表达。随着我国经济结构的转型升级,国内企业越来越重视研究开发,无形资产在总资产中的比重越来越大,人们对无形资产会计核算和信息披露的关注度也越来越高。因此,加强对无形资产会计核算与管理的重要性日趋显著。需要我们进行多方面的研究,找出无形资产确认与计量存在的问题据笔者调查研究,现阶段经济市场局势相当激烈,这对于我国各大企业而言具有一定挑战性。无形资产会计处理作为会计处理难题之一,具有一定处理难度,在处理过程中一直存在着巨大风险。本文将对无形资产资本化会计处理的问题及对策进行分析探讨,以此来规避风险、将损失降到最低。     

无形资产所得税会计处理探讨

文章通过对无形资产及无形,资产所得税会计处理政策依据的分析,探讨了无形资产所得税会计处理过程并进行了总结.     

无形资产会计若干问题的探讨

无形资产是指企业为生产商品，提供劳务，出租给他人，或为管理目的而持有的，没有实物形态的非货币性长期资产，无形资产的确认是指将符合无形资产确认条件的项目，作为企业的无形资产加以记录并将其列入企业资产负债表，无形资产准则规定，无形资产在满足以下两上条件时，企业才能加以确认：（1）该资产产生的经济利益很可能流入企业；（2）该资产的成本能够可靠地计量，也就是说，某个项目要确认为无形资产，除了必须符合无形资产的定义外，还要符合这两项条件。     

无形资产会计研究中的问题与改进

文章以近两年来发表的无形资产会计文献为样本, 分析和评述了我国在无形资产会计领域的研究现状和存在问题, 提出了改进无形资产会计研究的建议。     

知识经济下无形资产会计问题探讨

无形资产自产生已经有近百年的历史,知识经济时代的到来,无形资产对经济的发展所起的作用日益突出.对知识经济下的无形资产如何进行会计核算、计量、确认及存在的问题是文章主要研究的内容.     

无形资产会计计量若干问题探讨

为了不断适应社会主义市场经济快速发展的需要，进一步规范企业无形资产事项的会计核算及相关信息披露，提高会计信息质量，财政部制定了《企业会计准则———无形资产》。但会计理论界对无形资产的认识至今仍未统一，特别是对那些具有无形资产特征的、不可辨认的项目是否应该确认为无形资产，争议较大。诚然，鉴于无形资产的不确定性，确认时应该持谨慎态度。但也应该能符合客观和如实提供决策信息的要求，不能让某项资产游离于会计记录及财务报告之外。因此，本文就目前会计理论界争议较大的品牌、研究开发费项目的确认、计量及其会计处理…     

无形资产准则下无形资产的会计处理

无形资产计量：1。购人的无形资产（外购无形资产），应以实际支付的价款作为人账价值。当无形资产与其技术相关的有形资产捆绑式购人而当外购无形资产时，由于交易并没有现金等实物交易。     

Intangible Assets and Corporate Signaling

Research and development (R&D) and advertising expenditures often result in patents, technologies and brand names which are difficult to accurately value. Under current generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) these intangible assets are generally not recognized in the financial statements, but instead are expensed in the period that they occur. Prior studies note that the market-to-book ratios of firms with significant levels of R&D and advertising expenditures suggest that investors, at least partially, value these assets. Researchers and practitioners argue that current GAAP, by not recognizing these intangible assets, reduces the usefulness and relevance of accounting reports.We investigate whether companies with significant levels of intangible assets are more likely to emphasize dividend increases and stock repurchases (which are generally perceived as signaling favorable investment opportunities), instead of traditional accounting disclosures, as a means of overcoming adverse selection. Because these assets are difficult to measure, cash distributions may be viewed as a more credible means of signaling firm value to investors. Using analysts' ratings of firms' accounting disclosures, we find that companies with higher levels of R&D and advertising expenditures are less likely to provide extensive accounting disclosures and instead tend to employ dividend and stock repurchase signals. We obtain these results even after controlling for other firm attributes, such as size, stock returns performance, leverage, liquidity and investors' expectations of growth opportunities. We also find that the market reaction to dividend increase and stock repurchase announcements is greater for firms with higher levels of R&D and advertising expenditures, indicating that these announcements are more informative for such firms.     

Intangible Assets and Firms' Disclosures: An Empirical Investigation

This study examines how research and development (R&38;D) and advertising expenditures affect firms' disclosures. Generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) mandate that these expenditures be immediately expensed in financial reports, despite the fact that they often benefit the firm for longer periods. Prior studies find, however, that investors consider intangible assets in their valuation of firms. These studies argue that current GAAP, by not recognizing the value generated by these assets, severely impairs the usefulness of accounting reports. I investigate if firms with higher levels of R&38;D and advertising expenditures place greater reliance on voluntary, and therefore more flexible, disclosures such as voluntary publications and investor relations. Using analysts' ratings of firms' disclosures, I find that firms with higher levels of intangible assets are more likely to receive significantly higher ratings for their investor relations programs or voluntary publications than for their annual reports. These findings suggest that firms with higher levels of intangible assets emphasize supplemental disclosures because mandated accounting disclosures inadequately present their financial performance. These results have important policy implications for regulators and investors since they indicate that voluntary disclosures, which are unregulated and unaudited, are an important means of disclosure for these firms.     

企业改制中的无形资产评估问题——基于评估指标的影响因素分析

无形资产的作用日益为人们接受,但无形资产的管理、计量、评估远远落后于人们对无形资产作用的认识。特别是对无形资产评估指标体系的认识,已不能适应时代发展的需要。《无形资产评估准则》对于评估方法的使用及其理由,没有具体考核指标。缺乏可操作性。而评估方法对企业改制中无形资产价值的影响,则是评估方法选择不当和评估方法本身存在的风险。     

Intangible Assets, Information Complexity, and Analysts' Earnings Forecasts

Abstract:   We examine the relation between analysts' earnings forecasts and firms' intangible assets, including technology‐based intangibles, brand names, and recognized intangibles. We predict that high information complexity of intangible assets increases the difficulty for analysts to assimilate information and increases analysts' forecast error of intangibles‐intensive firms. We find a positive association between analysts' forecast error and the firm's intangible intensity that deviates from the industry norm. We also find that analysts' forecast errors are greater for firms with diverse and innovative technologies. In contrast, analysts' forecast errors are smaller for biotech/pharmaceutical and medical equipment firms that are subject to intangibles‐related regulation.     

新会计准则下资产减值会计研究

资产减值会计对于真实反映企业资产价值和披露企业经营业绩具有重要意义,然而新准则的实施仍然存在诸多不确定性因素。本文分析了新资产减值准则实施中可能会遇到的一些问题,并提出相应的对策和建议,以期资产减值会计能得到更健康的发展。     

按揭购入固定资产相关业务的会计与税务处理

以按揭贷款方式进行的固定资产投资具有耗资多、时间长等特点,因此涉及的会计与税务处理问题较多。在现行会计准则和税收法规的框架下,要正确处理好这些问题,依法履行纳税义务,本文从固定资产购入和处置两个角度对资产与负债的确定、计量进行科学、合理的确认。     

公允价值计量模式下生产性生物资产会计处理的探讨——以林木类资产为例

由于农业活动的特殊性,生物资产的计量模式的选择一直是农业会计研究领域的热点之一。国际会计准则采用公允价值对生产性生物资产进行计量,而我国会计准则采用以历史成本为主、公允价值为辅的计量模式。本文通过对两种计量属性的比较,结合生产性生物资产自身的特点,提出公允价值是生产性生物资产计量的最优选择,最后举例阐述了公允价值计量模式下生产性生物资产的具体会计处理。     

Intangible Marketing Assets: A Managerial Accounting Perspective

Intangible marketing assets, such as brand strength, product image and reputation, appear to be of growing significance to companies. This paper seeks to offer a management accounting perspective on intangible marketing assets. A typology is developed that categorises related constructs, hitherto referred to, somewhat broadly, as marketing assets. The typology (1) redefines intangible marketing assets from an accounting perspective, and (2) identifies the inputs and outputs of the intangible marketing asset management process. The traditional accounting methods afforded to intangible marketing assets are noted, together with their adverse implications for asset development. It is suggested that management accounting should develop a method of accounting for such assets that is more consistent with supporting longer-term corporate objectives.     

资产减值计提动机的实证研究

基于A股上市公司在2006年以及2007年所披露资产减值的计提以及其它相关数据进行的实证研究结果表明:行业类别的实质性经济因素与资产减值率存在一定的负向关系;实施新会计准则的2007年与2006年相比较,高管变动、迎合预期以及洗澡动机、收益平滑动机与资产减值计提具有了显著关系;资产减值计提具有正向关系的报告动机被明显地观察到了,成为解释资产减值计提的关键因素,相反,负向的关系并不显著.     

论会计环境对会计发展的影响

本文论述了会计与会计环境的关系以及会计环境对会计的影响,指出了我国会计环境中存在的主要问题,提出了解决我国会计环境问题的主要对策,即建立现代企业会计制度;完善会计法律体系;提高会计从业人员素质。