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1.
文章试图建立人力资本代际传递与经济增长之间交互影响的理论框架,解释中国特殊的“传承怪圈”,认识人力资本代际传递(限定为学校教育投资、健康资本投资)、技术进步与经济增长之间的交互关系.资本市场的非完美性和不可分割性导致人力资本融资困难,从而阻碍低技能家庭提高技能.假设个人收入遵循非线性马尔科夫链(Markov chain),引起人力资本投资活动与经济增长的内生波动.个人技能的提高对技术进步产生正向影响,而技术进步本身一方面提高经济主体的生活成本,另一方面要求经济主体具有更高技能,要想提高个人技能必然要求追加人力资本投资,从而提高人力资本投资成本.文章通过建立个人劳动生产率及社会劳动生产率增长、人力资本投资成本和收入分布相互影响的模型,来解释人力资本代际传递与经济增长之间的非线性关系.  相似文献   

2.
文章运用1986--2007年的实际数据实证研究了我国农村金融发展与农民收入之间的相关性关系及影响机制。研究表明,农村人均固定资产投资、农村人力资本、农村劳动力的转移与农民收入之间存在着显著的正相关性;农村金融规模和农村金融结构与农村人均固定资产投资、农村人力资本和农村劳动力转移都是正相关的。但是农村金融效率与农村人均固定资产投资、农村人力资本和农村劳动力转移却呈负向关系。文章认为,农村金融资金由于种种原因导致的配置低效率是阻碍农民收入增长的主要因素。  相似文献   

3.
人力资本投资包括教育投资和在职培训投资等。教育投资是提高人力资本知识存量和技能存量的主要途径,它包括家庭教育投资、正规学校教育投资、成人教育投资。在职培训投资是教育投资的继续。在职培训投资不论是对个人还是对企业都有一个成本问题。  相似文献   

4.
近十年来,我国农村经济建设取得飞速发展,农民收入水平和生活质量得到极大提升,而与此相对应的是,农民的文化素质并没有得到相应提高,成为阻碍农村地区发展和城市化进一步推进的主要障碍。为此,下一步我国应更加注重农村软实力建设,加大人力资本投入力度,增强农村发展的内在动力。目前,在我国农村人力资本投资的诸项内容中,农村基础教育、技能培训、劳动力流动等方面仍存在很多问题:首先,从农村劳动力受教育程度来看,  相似文献   

5.
农村金融发展影响农民收入增长的机制研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
本文运用1986-2007年的数据实证研究了我国农村金融发展与农民收入之间的相关性关系及影响机制.本文的研究表明,农村人均固定资产投资、农村人力资本、农村劳动力的转移与农民收入之间存在着显著的正相关性;农村金融规模和农村金融结构与农村人均固定资产投资、农村人力资本和农村劳动力转移都是正相关的,但是农村金融效率与农村人均固定资产投资、农村人力资本和农村劳动力转移却呈负向关系;我们认为,农村金融资金由于种种原因导致的配置低效率是阻碍农民收入增长的主要因素.  相似文献   

6.
朱翠萍 《中国外资》2009,(6):190-190,192
人力资本不同于劳动力,并非与生俱来的,而是通过教育、培训、保健和营养等方面的投资形成的、最终体现在“经济活动人口”身上的知识、才干、技能和创造力等的价值存量。作为影响经济增长的因素之一,人力资本在我国经济增长中发挥重要作用。  相似文献   

7.
梁志 《中国外资》2010,(24):93-93
会计实务技能的学习是会计教育中的重要一环,在当今我国经济高速发展的过程中,必然对我们财务工作者提出更高的要求,本文就基层工作者如何学会、学好会计实务技能进行了初步的探讨。  相似文献   

8.
银行业人力资本是影响金融运行效率最重要的因素之一,它由公共和专门知识、技能、资历、经验、健康、协作力和工作动力等要素构成,有着诸多重要特点,价值计量是其难点。必须充分注意银行业物质资本及人力资本投资的相互关系,以提高人力资本投资效率。  相似文献   

9.
钱德利  王国栋 《中国外资》2009,(22):224-225
人力资本是一种稀缺的生产要素,是第一资源和经济发展的关键因素。本文首先对人力资本投资及其形式进行概述,并提出了人力资本投资在经济增长中的作用,然后对我国的人力资本存量及人力资本投资现状进行了分析,在此基础上,对我国如何加大人力资本投资以提高人力资本存量从而促进经济的增长提出了政策建议。  相似文献   

10.
亚当·斯密对人力资本的内涵进行了最早的阐述,通过对经济、社会、政治、文化、历史以及伦理道德的多视角分析,斯密全面考察了人力资本投资的各种形式,分析了人力资本投资成本和收益的关系,指出了推广基本教育的途径和必要性。在经济学说史上,建立了具有开创性的人力资本思想体系。重温和研究斯密的人力资本思想,对我国建立和谐有序的人力资本投资机制,以及转轨背景下的中国人力资本理论研究,有其针对性和重要意义。  相似文献   

11.
We derive the optimal labor contract for a levered firm in an economy with perfectly competitive capital and labor markets. Employees become entrenched under this contract and so face large human costs of bankruptcy. The firm's optimal capital structure therefore depends on the trade‐off between these human costs and the tax benefits of debt. Optimal debt levels consistent with those observed in practice emerge without relying on frictions such as moral hazard or asymmetric information. Consistent with empirical evidence, persistent idiosyncratic differences in leverage across firms also result. In addition, wages should have explanatory power for firm leverage.  相似文献   

12.
Bank Capital Requirements, Capital Structure and Regulation   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
This paper studies the impact of capital requirements, deposit insurance and franchise value on a bank’s capital structure. We find that properly regulated banks voluntarily choose to maintain capital in excess of the minimum required. Central to this decision is both firm franchise value and the ability of regulators to place banks in receivership stripping equity holders of firm value. These features of our model help explain both the capital structure of the large mortgage Government Sponsored Enterprises and the recent increase in risk taking through leverage by financial institutions. The insights gained from the model are useful in guiding the discussion of financial regulatory reforms.  相似文献   

13.
In a recent JACF article, Prakash Shimpi proposed a new way of calculating a firm's cost of capital that incorporated a concept of "risk capital" as well as operational capital. The premise of the Shimpi approach was that purchasing hedging instruments effectively "releases" equity that is no longer needed to ensure the firm's creditworthiness.
This article shows that Shimpi's cost of capital calculations incorporate this released equity in a misleading way, exaggerating the capital base and underestimating its true cost. It also demonstrates how conventional cost of capital approaches can be modified to integrate risk capital, thereby avoiding such distortions and accurately representing the cost of capital of a company with a policy of active risk management.  相似文献   

14.
陈毓圭 《新理财》2013,(1):56-56
当前企业发展出现困难,既有市场需求不足、技术升级缓慢、盈利能力差等原因,也有公司治理缺失、管理薄弱、监管错位等原因,而后者更具有根本性、长期性影响。  相似文献   

15.
刘海颖 《新理财》2013,(1):63-63
经济大环境的影响、天气的因素、行业的环境、人才的挑战等对各行各业来说都是大同小异的挑战。而在这个过程中,CFO们面临的挑战格外严峻。  相似文献   

16.
Based upon a large data set of public and private firms in the United Kingdom, I find that compared to their public counterparts, private firms rely almost exclusively on debt financing, have higher leverage ratios, and tend to avoid external capital markets, leading to a greater sensitivity of their capital structures to fluctuations in performance. I argue that these differences are due to private equity being more costly than public equity. I further examine the private firms subsample to show that private equity is more costly than its public counterpart due to information asymmetry and the desire to maintain control.  相似文献   

17.
This paper examines banks' capital, portfolio and growth decisions from 1986 to 1995, when risk-based capital guidelines were proposed and implemented. Overall, we observe complementarity between equity financing and risk. We find no systematic differences in pre- and postregulation behavior consistent with banks reacting to risk-based capital standards implementation. We do find significant differences, however, between low-capital banks and other banks. For example, increases in equity generally do not lead to increases in assets unless the bank has low capital. We also find that the impact of regulatory variables, such as the ratio of equity to total assets or the of ratio risk-weighted assets to total assets, have the predicted, significant effects for low-capital banks but not necessarily for other banks.  相似文献   

18.
This article builds on Froot and Stein in developing a framework for analyzing the risk allocation, capital budgeting, and capital structure decisions facing insurers and reinsurers. The model incorporates three key features: (i) value‐maximizing insurers and reinsurers face product‐market as well as capital‐market imperfections that give rise to well‐founded concerns with risk management and capital allocation; (ii) some, but not all, of the risks they face can be frictionlessly hedged in the capital market; and (iii) the distribution of their cash flows may be asymmetric, which alters the demand for underwriting and hedging. We show these features result in a three‐factor model that determines the optimal pricing and allocation of risk and capital structure of the firm. This approach allows us to integrate these features into: (i) the pricing of risky investment, underwriting, reinsurance, and hedging; and (ii) the allocation of risk across all of these opportunities, and the optimal amount of surplus capital held by the firm.  相似文献   

19.
This study examines effects of pertinent features of hospital capital payment policies on hospital capital structure decisions in a one-period stochastic, value-maximization model. Separate models are developed for for-profit and not-for-profit hospitals. Hospital debt-to-assets ratios are analyzed empirically using a cross-section of data from the American Hospital Association. Although the effect on capital structure of hospital reliance on cost-based reimbursement cannot be signed theoretically, in both for-profit and not-for-profit cases, a higher cost-based share leads to higher leverage. Factors associated with high bankruptcy risk (e.g., earnings volatility) cause hospitals to take on less debt.  相似文献   

20.
巴塞尔协议的资本充足率指标可以反映银行部门吸收风险损失的能力,但是无法监测和控制银行体系外的贷款总额和累积的信用风险。20世纪70年代的贷款证券化创新导致银行进行监管资本套利,并使得资本充足率监管趋于失效。本文基于贷款证券化下银行贷款余额与社会贷款余额的差异,分析银行监管资本套利的微观机制并提出改进资本监管的建议。  相似文献   

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