公允价值在我国应用的难点剖析及应对策略

公允价值计量在实际运用中有一定的困难,本文就公允价值在实际应用中难点问题剖析的基础上,提出了具有针对性的对策。     

公允价值:理论内涵与准则运用

本文结合公司理财和财务会计理论的观点 ,重新反思公允价值在新形势下的定位。首先 ,从会计是一个信息系统的角度出发 ,探讨如何正确认识公允价值的定义、作用及其所提供的会计信息的可靠性问题 ,并对比分析了传统计量属性的内在逻辑关系 ;其次 ,对我国会计准则今后如何运用公允价值提出自己的意见 ,并建议增加一张全面收益表作为过渡。最后 ,对全文进行总结并展望公允价值的未来前景。     

公允价值计量理论困境探讨

2006年我国新颁布的《企业会计准则》中最大的亮点就是将“公允价值”作为一种计量属性而提出。本文论述了公允价值的本质及其定义,从可靠性和相关性两方面来探讨公允价值计量的难点,最后提出一些解决方法。     

浅议公允价值应用

公允价值是外来事物,我国新会计准则将其定义为在公平交易中,熟悉情况的交易双方自愿进行资产交换或者债务清偿的金额。我国使用公允价值进行计量的时间比较短,对公允价值研究不深,实践中出现很多问题。本文通过分析公允价值理论和我国实践应用中存在的问题,提出完善公允价值的应对之策。     

上市公司应用公允价值问题研究

本文在采用准则相关理论的规范研究的基础上,通过对上市公司运用公允价值进行计量的有关问题进行分析,提出了规范公允价值计量的建议。     

论公允价值审计面临的问题及其对策

本文首先对公允价值审计概念展开描述,接着提出了当前审计公允价值面临的一些问题和难题,最后有针对性地阐述了一些解决的对策和建议.虽然近期对公允价值审计的风险还是比较高的,但随着我国市场体系的不断完善和审计人员素质的提高,审计风险将会逐渐降低     

论公允价值计量在我国的应用

本文阐述了我国会计体系引入公允价值计量的必要性和实施公允价值计量所面临的挑战,并在此基础上提出完善公允价值计量环境的建议,以使公允价值的应用真正为会计信息使用者提供决策信息。     

论公允价值的计量

在公允价值会计问题中,公允价值的计量是争议最大且最具难度的。公允价值计量方法由公允价值估价方法、估价方法参照信息以及公允价值层级三部分组成。在计量顺序上,公允价值要区分三个层次按照顺序加以确定。如果资产或负债存在活跃市场,应当以市场报价为基础确定其公允价值,否则就采用市场法、收益法或成本法等方法对公允价值进行估价。     

公允价值应用的思考

目前,公允价值的应用是会计界的热点和难点问题,也是一个很有争议的问题。其在我国不断发展的市场经济中发挥着越来越重要的作用,但在应用的过程中也不可避免地会出现诸多问题。本文对公允价值应用的国内外文献进行综述,总结了我国目前应用公允价值面临的问题,并提出了相应的解决措施。     

金融资产公允价值变动的账务处理及其思考

有关公允价值变动损益的结转问题,对初学者来说往往不大容易理解.本文通过对交易性金融资产、可供出售金融资产公允价值变动的账务处理进行分析,帮助会计初学者准确理解公允价值变动损益科目的意义、作用和使用方法.     

Usefulness of comprehensive income reporting in Canada

In January 2005 the Canadian Accounting Standards Board (AcSB) issued three new accounting standards that require Canadian firms to mark-to-market certain financial assets and liabilities and recognize the holding gains and losses related to these items as other comprehensive income or as part of net income. The Board’s objectives for issuing the new standards are (i) to harmonize Canadian GAAP with US and International GAAP, (ii) to enhance the transparency and usefulness of financial statements, and (iii) to keep pace with changes in accounting standards in other countries that are moving towards fair value accounting. This paper investigates empirically whether requiring Canadian companies to report comprehensive income and its components provides the securities market with incremental value-relevant information over the traditional historical-cost earnings approach.Previous empirical studies provide mixed evidence on the value relevance of other comprehensive income and its components. This mixed evidence may be attributed partially to the use of as if methodology to construct an ex-ante measure of other comprehensive income prior to the implementation of SFAS 130, which introduces measurement error. In contrast, this study uses actual data on other comprehensive income for a sample of Canadian firms cross-listed in the US in the period 1998–2003. We find evidence that available-for-sale and cash flow hedges components are significantly associated with price and market returns. We also find that aggregate comprehensive income is more strongly associated (in terms of explanatory power) with both stock price and returns compared to net income. However, we find that net income is a better predictor of future net income relative to comprehensive income. Our findings suggest that mandating all Canadian firms to adopt the new accounting standards is expected to enhance the usefulness of financial statements. Our findings, therefore, should be of interest to Canadian accounting policy makers as they provide ex-ante evidence on the potential usefulness of mandating firms to report comprehensive income and the components of other comprehensive income in their financial statements.     

Determinants of discretionary fair value measurements: the case of Level 3 assets in the banking sector

The objective of our research was to respond to the call of Barth and Taylor ( 2010 ) for more research to examine the role of discretion in fair value estimates. Specifically, we investigate factors that explain banks’ accounting choices to use Level 3 valuation inputs from the fair value measurement hierarchy. Using hand‐collected data from a sample of international banks during 2009–2013, we find that incentives to use discretionary Level 3 valuation inputs, which can provide an opportunity to manage earnings, are associated with both firm‐level and country‐level determinants. Additional tests provide evidence that Level 3 ‘transfer‐in’ behaviour is related to changes in bank characteristics.     

浅析澳大利亚公允价值及应用(英文)

本文阐述了公允价值在为经济决策提供有用信息中所扮演的角色,以及公允价值的五个缺陷,并分析了澳大利亚两家不同行业的企业对公允价值的应用。     

关于股票期权会计若干问题的探讨

随着我国企业改革的深化与市场经济的确立与完善,在企业中探索一种科学有效的激励机制已成为一个亟等解决的课题,股标期权制度作为近年来在西方国家中行之有效的一种企业激励机制,在我国也吸引了越来越多的注意力。本文在对股标期权概念及其激励作用进行分析的基础上,对股票期权的确认时机、股票期权的计量和设计股标期权应注意的问题进行了探讨。     

Equity valuation in practice: The influence of net financial expenses

This study investigates the relevance of net financial expenses with respect to equity valuation in an IFRS accounting regime. According to the residual earnings valuation model, income related to balance sheet items that are recorded at fair value is not applicable for valuation purposes. There are no residual earnings associated with these items because the balance sheet provides ‘perfect’ value estimates for the items in question. In accordance with the contention that under IFRS, aggregate net financial liabilities are recorded at a book value that is close to fair value, this study demonstrates that net financial expenses are not associated with the market prices of stocks. The investigation discusses the empirical findings in light of the enduring controversies regarding the use of fair value accounting.