对欧、美市场经济地位标准的会计学解读

世界许多国家的反倾销法中都设立了市场经济地位标准,其中欧盟、美国的市场经济地位标准(简称欧标、美标)最具代表性和典型性。欧标与美标的核心内容都与会计标准息息相关。揭示欧标与美标的实质,有助于提高我国涉案企业的反倾销会计应诉水平。     

中国应对欧盟反倾销分析

欧盟是世界上最主要的贸易地区之一,第一例对华反倾销案件正是由欧盟发起的,从此拉开了欧盟和世界对华反倾销的序幕,至2008年10月欧盟已经对华反倾销立案196起,成为与美国并驾齐驱的最大的对华反倾销地区。为了有效维护国家和出口企业的利益应对欧盟的反倾销调查,必须对欧盟的反倾销现状进行充分的研究,才能找出解决问题的钥匙。本文结合当前欧盟反倾销法发展的新趋势和原因,重在探讨中国应对的策略,从而为维护国家利益提出自己的建议和意见。     

应诉欧美反倾销的会计举证

我国已经成为欧盟和美国反倾销的主要对象,是遭受反倾销最严重的国家之一。欧美动辄对我国发起反倾销,“反倾销”成为我国扩大出口的“拦路虎”。反倾销需要会计参与,会计应该怎样应诉、需要准备或提供哪些会计资料、如何进行会计陈述或会计举证、怎样进行会计抗辩等,这些问题在我国都停留在“可想不可知”的状态。在这种形势下,探讨应对欧美反倾销的会计之道和应诉欧美反倾销的会计举证,是摆在我们面前的一道必攻课题。     

“多哈回合”之“死”

多哈回合之“死”，不是欧盟或者美国在农业问题上迟迟不愿退步，而是发展中国家在国际组织中话语权的强大。游戏规则一下子变了，变得“不由一家说了算了”。[编者按]     

法律背后的会计理念——从反倾销法涉及的会计问题看会计对法律的影响

可比性这一会计信息质量特征,实际上已经成为反倾销法的核心理念。反倾销法对于涉及被调查产品的产品分配方法并无任何偏好,但是将分配方法是否“公允”作为采集数据的标准。盎格鲁-撒克逊会计模式与法典式会计模式的差异,对美欧反倾销法的立法和执法有着一定的影响。     

“入世”后我国会计师事务所市场定位问题探讨

随着中国与美国、欧盟等谈判方“入世”双边协议的达成 ,中国加入“世界贸易组织”（ＷＴＯ）已日益临近。作为对外开放的专业服务市场之一 ,我国会计市场“入世”后必将发生很大的变化 ,在未来市场中如何定位 ,已成为我国每一个会计师事务所当前最为关心的问题。针对这一问题 ,本文拟就国际会计公司的市场“进入”战略 ,我国“入世”后会计市场可能发生的变化 ,以及我国会计师事务所的市场定位等问题作一分析。（一）国际会计公司新兴市场的“进入”战略分析１９９７年美国三位学者对国际“五大”会计师事务所（当时为“六大”）进行了调查…     

由循环经济启发的五点思考

“循环”经济必须要具有国际经济“循环”的观察循环经济的理论基础应当说是生态经济理论,循环经济的循环是离不开国际经济生态环境的,被称之为“世界工厂”的中国更离不开国际贸易的大循环。2004年我国成为世界第三大贸易国,总额高达11548亿美元。从各国之间的进出口贸易收支平衡情况, 我国对欧盟和美国处于顺差,而对亚洲周边国家(地区)则处于相当大的逆差。2004年发生了重大变化之一就是日本在持续12年为我国第一大的贸易伙伴后降至为了第三位,欧盟和美国分别成为了我国新的第一和第二位的贸易伙伴,欧盟和美国市场对我国贸     

欧美会计国际趋同差异及其对中国的启示

美国和欧盟在对待会计国际趋同的态度上以及具体的趋同方式上都存在差异。在国际趋同的中期阶段,美国的总体态度是消极的;现期,其态度出现转折,取而代之的是积极的合作行动。欧盟对国际会计准则的态度相形之下十分干脆,但并不是完全绝对的开放。在趋同方式上,美国的趋同体现在FASB与IASB的一系列合作项目;而欧盟的趋同体现在“认可”国际会计准则。     

加快完善我国低碳技术创新政策体系：欧日的经验借鉴

<正>借鉴欧盟和日本在政策保障和低碳技术创新前沿的探索，完善全方位协同的政策研判机制、构建多维度融合的市场运作体系、深化国内外高层次合作，将有助于我国提高双碳政策激发技术创新能力，助力双碳目标如期实现。低碳技术创新是实现碳达峰碳中和目标（以下简称“双碳目标”）的关键举措，是各国“零碳”或“碳中和”政策布局的核心环节。目前，欧盟、日、     

“欧盟标准”图谋“一统天下”

欧盟作为拥有27个成员国、4．8亿总人口的经济体，在世界经济舞台上占据着举足轻重的地位，以至于连世界头号经济强国的美国也要依从欧盟标准生产产品。如今，欧盟标准已涉及到了生产、生活以及自然环境保护等方方面面，并意图“一统天下”。     

后配额时代中国应对美国纺织品反倾销的对策

国际贸易进入后配额时代,外国针对中国的纺织品反倾销案件将日益增多,在采取多方面的策略积极应对反倾销的同时,更要大力发展我国的市场经济,推进市场化、法制化进程。     

Will the U.S. bank recapitalization succeed? Eight lessons from Japan

During the financial crisis that started in 2007, the U.S. government has used a variety of tools to try to rehabilitate the U.S. banking industry. Many of those strategies were also used in Japan to combat its banking problems in the 1990s. There are also a surprising number of other similarities between the current U.S. crisis and the recent Japanese crisis. The Japanese policies were only partially successful in recapitalizing the banks until the economy finally started to recover in 2003. From these unsuccessful attempts, we derive eight lessons. In light of these eight lessons, we assess the policies the U.S. has pursued. The U.S. has ignored three of the lessons and it is too early to evaluate the U.S. policies with respect to four of the others. So far, the U.S. has avoided Japan's problem of having impaired banks prop up zombie firms.     

美国银行业账户管理费实证研究

本文分析美国不同规模银行账户管理费的定价差异和规律,在基于统计数据的基础上发现:对于支票账户,大银行、小银行支票账户余额要求与账户管理费水平之间呈正相关关系,大银行采取的是"低起点、高余额、高账户管理费"的定价策略,而小银行采取的是"高起点、低余额、低账户管理费"的定价策略;对于储蓄账户,大银行储蓄账户开户起点与账户管理费、资产规模之间呈正相关关系,而小银行呈负相关关系,大银行采取的是"低起点、低利率、高余额、低账户管理费"定价策略,小银行采取的是"高起点、高利率、低余额、高账户管理费"定价策略.美国银行业账户管理费的做法对我国银行业的经营实践具有一定的借鉴意义.     

The U.S. current account deficit and the expected share of world output

We investigate the possibility that the large current account deficits of the U.S. are the outcome of optimizing behavior. We develop a simple long-run world equilibrium model in which the current account is determined by the expected discounted present value of its future share of world GDP relative to its current share of world GDP. The model suggests that under some reasonable assumptions about future U.S. GDP growth relative to the rest of the advanced countries—more modest than the growth over the past 20 years—the current account deficit is near optimal levels. We then explore the implications for the real exchange rate. Under some plausible assumptions, the model implies little change in the real exchange rate over the adjustment path, though the conclusion is sensitive to assumptions about tastes and technology. Then we turn to empirical evidence. A test of current account sustainability suggests that the U.S. is not keeping on a long-run sustainable path. A direct test of our model finds that the dynamics of the U.S. current account—the increasing deficits over the past decade—are difficult to explain under a particular statistical model (Markov-switching) of expectations of future U.S. growth. But, if we use survey data on forecasted GDP growth in the G-7, our very simple model appears to explain the evolution of the U.S. current account remarkably well. We conclude that expectations of robust performance of the U.S. economy relative to the rest of the advanced countries is a contender—though not the only legitimate contender—for explaining the U.S. current account deficit.     

An examination of U.S. institutional and individual investor sentiment effect on the Turkish stock market

This study examines the effect of rational and irrational components of U.S. institutional and individual investor sentiment on Istanbul Stock Market (ISE) return and volatility. The results show that there is a significant spillover effect of U.S. investor sentiment on stock return and volatility of ISE. A breakdown of sentiment by the type of investor shows that the impact of institutional sentiment is greater than that of individual sentiment. A breakdown of sentiment by rationality shows that the effect of rational sentiment on ISE return is faster though not necessarily greater than that of irrational sentiment. The conclusion from these results is that the effect of U.S. investor sentiment is systemic and cannot be diversified away. U.S. investor sentiment, therefore, constitutes a priced risk factor and must be accounted for accordingly in international asset pricing models. The findings also provide some evidence of a negative relationship between U.S. investor sentiment and ISE return volatility.     

French and U.S. trading of cross-listed stocks around the period of U.S. decimalization: Volume, spreads, and depth effects

We analyze how U.S. decimalization affects stocks cross-listed in France (Euronext) and the U.S. (NYSE). The French stocks examined are much larger than the non-U.S. stocks examined in prior studies of decimalization, and their U.S. trading is likely to be dominated by institutions. So, we explore whether a reduction in depths in the U.S. due to decimalization makes the U.S. market less competitive for institutions trading these French stocks. We find evidence consistent with the above. First, the average NYSE trade size for these stocks relative to that on Euronext declines substantially after decimalization. Second, we categorize individual trades by the number of shares traded. We find that mainly driven by large trades, the NYSE proportion of trading of French firms declines markedly after decimalization. Third, using regression analysis, we find that the decline in the U.S. share of institutional trading volume is significantly positively related with the decline in NYSE depths relative to Euronext, and the decline is greater for French firms. Overall, we find consistent results indicating a migration of institutional order flow in French firms to France after NYSE decimalization. Also, intraday analysis indicates that the institutional volume in both France and the U.S. is greatest when both the markets are open.     

美国信用评级市场与监管变迁及其借鉴

美国信用评级业发展已经有上百年的历史。市场高度垄断、严重的"顺周期"现象、利益冲突、金融市场及监管当局对评级的严重依赖是当今美国信用评级市场存在的四大问题。目前美国信用评级业形成了以行业自律为基础、NRSRO注册与美国证券交易委员会(SEC)直接监管相结合的信用评级监管体系。美国信用评级市场发展及监管变迁对我国的启示是:应逐步打破国际评级市场完全由美国评级机构垄断的现有格局,必须逐步构建有中国自身特色的本土评级体系,并将本土评级体系的培育与国内债券市场建设、"走出去"战略及人民币国际化战略结合起来,降低国内监管部门及市场主体对外部评级机构的依赖。     

Transmission of Stock Returns and Volatility between the U.S. and Japan: Evidence from the Stock Index Futures Markets

In this paper, we examine the nature of transmission of stock returns and volatility between the U.S. and Japanese stock markets using futures prices on the S&P 500 and Nikkei 225 stock indexes. We use stock index futures prices to mitigate the stale quote problem found in the spot index prices and to obtain more robust results. By employing a two-step GARCH approach, we find that there are unidirectional contemporaneous return and volatility spillovers from the U.S. to Japan. Furthermore, the U.S.'s influence on Japan in returns is approximately four times as large as the other way around. Finally, our results show no significant lagged spillover effects in both returns and volatility from the Osaka market to the Chicago market, while a significant lagged volatility spillover is observed from the U.S. to Japan. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Geographic Deregulation and Competition in the U.S. Banking Industry

We examine the effects of geographic deregulation on state‐level competition in U.S. banking markets over the period 1976‐2005. The empirical results confirm that the U.S. banks in general operated under monopolistic competition during the period examined. After partitioning the sample based on bank size we find that the market competition for large banks in Delaware, Oregon, and Rhode Island can be characterized as monopolistic while small banks in Arizona and Massachusetts seem to have operated under the conditions of perfect competition. The removal of geographic restrictions appears to have very limited and non‐uniform effect on state‐level competitive conduct. There is some evidence that the U.S. banking industry might have actually experienced a less competitive behavior in recent years due to increased market power of larger banks.